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北京市朝阳区2024〜2025学年度第二学期期末质量检测
高二英语试卷
(考试时间100分钟满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答,在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分知识运用(共三节,30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Outsideafewsnowflakes(雪花)felldownasthegreyafternoonskydarkened.Althoughitwaslessthanone
weekbeforetheNewYear,Ifounditdifficulttobeina]mood.
Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidayswere
difficulttbrusbecausewe2ourhometown.NoonewasingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbe
spendingthefestivalalone.
Asawaveofhomesickness3myfamily,thedoorbellrang.Itwasdarkoutside,andweweren't
4presents...fifteenyearolddaughterRachelwenttoopenthedoor,andthensaid,“Mom,there'saboxon
thedoorstep—withpresents...andnobodyisouthere^^^
Whocouldhaveleftit?Itwasindeeda(n)5.Theboxcontainedsomepackageswrappedinbright
paper.Eachhadatypewrittenlabel:OpenDec.27th,OpenDec.28th,...Therewereatotalofsix.Itwas
December27th,and(helabelfbrthatdaywas6toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfunwith
yourfamily.
Afterthat,wegatheredeachdayasafamilytoopenonemoregift.Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackage
contained,whichbecamea7forus.Asthedayspassed,wealso8butter,potatoes,sausages,
peppersandberries.AlltogetherthepackagesmadeaplcteNewYeardinner.Butitturnedoutwedidn'tneedto
useourpackagesoffoodontheNewYear'sDaybecauseafamilyfromwork9invitedusoverfordinner
onDecember31st.Wefeltsoblessed,andweresothankfultobeloved!
Nowtwodecadeslater,thattcughyearisadistantmemory.WeneverfindoutwhogaveustheNewYear
giftButTmalways1()forthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewedesperately
neededtoknowwewerenotaloneafterall.
1.A.joyfulB.nervousC.depressedD.confident
2.A.visitedD.admiredC.missedD.forgot
3.A.cheeredupB.sweptoverC.broughtbackD.tookapart
4.A.expectingB.detectingC.botheringD.informing
5.A.accidentB.mysteryC.chanceD.mistake
6.A.deliveredB.exposedC.relatedD.attached
7.A.strategyB.problemC.trickD.game
8.A.madeB.examinedC.discoveredD.bought
9.A.kindlyB.calmlyC.randomlyD.hesitantly
10.A.eagerB.readyC.gratefulD.responsible
【答案】l.A2.C3.B4.A5.B6.D7.D8.C9.A10.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在新年之际收到神秘礼物,度过温暖节R的故事。
【I题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:尽管离新年不到一周了,但我发现自己很难感到快乐。A.joyful快乐的;B.
nervous紧张的;C.depressed沮丧的;D.confident自信的。根捱下文“Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothis
countryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe2our
hometown.NoonewasingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wcwouldbespendingthefestivalalone.”可知,作者
一家刚搬到这个国家,正在经历艰难的一年,假期对他们来说很困难,因为想念家乡,也没有人来一起过
新年,所以作者难以感到快乐。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:假期对我们来说很艰难,因为我们想念家乡。A.visited参观;B.admired钦
佩;C.missed想念;D.forgot忘记。根据上文“Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountiyandwasgoing
throughaverydifficultyear.TheholidaysweredifficultforusM可知,作者一家刚搬到这个国家,正在经历艰
难的一年,所以假期对他们来说很艰难,因为他们想念家乡。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:当一阵思乡之情席卷我的家人时,门铃响了。A.cheeredup使振奋;B.swept
over席卷;C.broughtback带回;D.tookapart拆开。根据上文"Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausevve
2ourhometown.NoonewasingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wcwouldbespendingthefestival
alone.”和"Asawaveofhomesickness”可知,作者一家想念家乡,一阵思乡之情席卷了作者一家人。故
选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:外面很黑,我们没料到会有人来。4expecting期待;B.detecting检测;C.
bothering打扰;D.informing通知。根据上文“NoonewasingoverfortheNewYeareither”以及"Itwas
darkoutside”可知,作者一家刚搬到这个国家,也没有人来一起过新年,而且外面很黑,所以作者一家没料
到会有人来。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这确实是个谜。A.accident事故;B.mystery谜;C.chance机会;D.mislake错
误。根据上文“Whocouldhaveleftit?”可知,作者一家不知道是谁留下的礼物,所以这确实是个谜。故选
B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:那天是12月27日,那天的标签被贴在一包牛排上。A.delivered递送;B.
exposed暴露;C.related联系;D.attached贴上。根据下文"toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfun
withyourfamily”可知,标签被赃在一包牛排.匕故选D。
。题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们会试着猜每个包裹里装的是什么,这成了我们的一个游戏。A.stralegy策
略;B.problem问题;C.trick诡计;D.game游戏。根据上文“Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackage
containedw可知,作者一家会试着猜每个包裹里装的是什么,所以这成了他们的一个游戏。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着时间的推移,我们还发现了黄油、土豆、香肠、辣椒和浆果。A.made制
作:B.examined检查;C.discovered发现:D.bought买。根据下文butter,potatoes,sausages,peppersand
berries.Alltogether(hepackagesmadeapleleNewYeardinner.”可知,卜.文的这些东西是作者一家在包裹中
发现的。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:但事实证明,我们不需要在新年那天使用我们的食物包裹,因为12月31日,
我们一家工作上认识的一家人好心地邀请他们去吃晚饭。A.kindly好心地;B.calmly冷静地;C.randomly
随机地;D.hesitantly犹豫地。根据下文"invitedusoverfordinneronDecember31st”可知,作者一家工作
上认识的•家人邀请他们去吃晚饭,说明是好心地邀请。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析.句意:但我一直感激那种善良和糠慨的精神,在我们迫切需要知道我们并不孤单的
时候,它出现了。A.eager渴望的;B.ready准备好的;C.grateful感激的;D.responsible负责的。根据下
文Mforthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewcdesperatelyneededtoknowwcwerenotalone
afterall”可知,作者一家在最需要帮助的时候得到j'帮助,所以一直感激那种善良和慷慨的精神。故选
Co
般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语Theorganization为第三人称单数,所以be动词用is。故填isdedicated
to。
第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)
阅读下面句子,根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
15.Alotmoreplasticwaste(throw)into(heoceanlastyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wasthrown
【蟀析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:去年,更多的塑料垃圾被扔进了海洋。根据时间状语lastyear可知,时
态应使用一般过去时态,throw“扔”与主语plasticwaste之间是被动关系,应使用一般过去时的被动语
态,又因主语是不可数名词,be动词用was。故填wasihrown。
16.Luckily,theparents(put)awayalltheclothesbeforeitrained.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hadput
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意:幸运的是,父母在下雨前把所有的衣服都收起来了。设空处作谓语,根据时间
状语从句beforeitrained可知,此处表示过去的过去发生的动作,应用过去完成时。故填hadput。
17.Shewantsajobhermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。分析句子结构可知,空处引
导定语从句,从句缺状语,先行词是抽象地点名词job,故用关系副词where引导从句。故答案是where.
18.Toniaccidentallyslippedonthewetfloor,(injure)hisarmbadly.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】injuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆不小心在湿地板上滑倒了,结果手臂受了重伤。句中有谓语动词
slipped且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词,injure意为“使受伤”,Tom与injure为逻辑上的主谓
关系,故应用现在分词injuring,作结果状语,表示滑倒导致的自然结果。故填injuring。
19.Thepoliticiansdeliveredseveralpowerful(speech)attheconference.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】speeches
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:政客们在会议上发表了几次强有力的演讲。分析句子可知,设空处应填名
词作宾语,且根据several“几次”可知,此处应用可数名词复数形式,speech的复数形式为speeches。故
填speecheso
20.Thegovernment(invest)2billionRMBinrenewableenergybynow.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hasinvested
【解析】
【详解】考杳动词时态。句意:到目前为止,政府已经在可再生能源上投资了20亿元人民币,根据时间
状语"bynow(到目前为止)”可知,句子应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语The
government是第三人称单数,助动词用has;invest的过去分词是invested。故填hasinvested<.
21.Themedicalstudentswereunsureabouttheyshoulddowiththeemergency.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考杳宾语从句引导词。句意:医科学生不确定紧急情况下他们应该做什么。分析句子结构可知,
介词aboul后有一个完整的句子,即介词后有一个宾语从句。宾语从句的动词do“做”需要接一个宾语,
连接代词what“什么”符合语境,且能充当宾语。故填what。
22.Thelittlechildmadegreatefforts(reach)fortheripepearhangingonthebranch.(所给词的适当形
式填空)
【答案】toreach
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个小孩努力去够挂在树枝上的熟梨。分析句子可知,设空处应填动词
不定式作目的状语,"makeeffortstodosth.”为固定搭配,意为“努力做某事"。故填toreach。
23.Nowadays,theInternet,aswellasmodernsatellites,(connect)remoteareasglobally.(所给词适
当形式填空)
【答案】connects
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓•致。句意:如今,互联网和现代卫星连接了全球的偏远地区。木句描述客观事实,时
态用一般现在时;aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致,即与IheInternet保持一
致,theInternet为第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式connects“连接”。故填connects。
24.When(question)aboutitsfactories,damagetotheenvironment,thepanyinsistedthatiihaddone
nothingwrong.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】questioned
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意:当被问及工厂对环境的破坏时.,该公司坚持认为自己没有做错任
何事。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it,且从句含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句
的主语和be动词。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子为whenthepanywas(question),主语thepany与
question“问”为被动关系,本空用过去分词,与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填
questionedo
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
TheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorstheundergraduate(本科生)
experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldofscience,technology,
engineeringandmath(STEM).Wcprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicandpersonaldevelopment
bothinsideandoutsideoftheclassroominordertopreparestudentsforthefuture.Liveandlearninacollege
settingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbestself.
CourseHighlights
Inourprogram,studentswill:
•GainanunderstandingofthetheoryofresearchdesigninSTEMrelatedfields.
,Participateinweeklywritingsessionsoncollegeapplicationpreparation.
,Learnmoreaboutcooperativelearningthroughgroupdiscussions.
,InteractwithprofessionalstoexploreSTEMmajors.
,plctetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelpstudentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,who
(heywanllobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.
ApplicationRequirements
TobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmust:
,Bein11thgradeinhighschoolalthetimeofapplicationsubmission.
,DemonstrateastronginterestinSTEMdisciplines.
,Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesamitmentinmunityengagement.
Allqualifiedstudentsareweleloapply,andwestronglyencourageapplicationsfromstudentswhoare
underrepresentedinSTEMonthebasisof,butnotlimitedby:
,BeingraisedinahomewhereEnglishwasasecondlanguage.
,Currentlyattendingahighschoolwithhistoricallylowratesofadmittancetopremierinstitutions.
•Identifyingasfirstgcncrationcollegestudentswhoseparent(s)didnotattendcollege.
25.TheSAMSProgramhelpsstudents.
A.designSTEMcoursesB.experiencecollegelife
C.adapttoclassroomlearningD.getalongwithundergraduates
26.IntheSAMSProgram,studentswill.
A.formbetterselfawareness
B.conduct(heirownresearch
C.pletetheircollegeapplication
D.assistexpertsingroupdiscussions
27.WhichisarequirementfortheSAMSProgramapplicants?
A.Graduatingfromatoplocalhighschool.
B.ingfromanonnativeEnglishfamily.
C.Havingpreviousinvolvementinmunitywork.
D.Beingchildrenofparentswithoutcollegeeducation.
【答案】25.B26.A27.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夏季数学与科学学院(SAMS)项目,包括项目内容、课程亮
点、申请要求等信息。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段"TheSlimmerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorsthe
undergraduate(本科生)experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldof
science,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Weprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicand
personaldevelopmentbothinsideandoutsideof(heclassroominordertopreparestudentsfor(hefuture.Liveand
learninacollegesettingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbeslself.(夏季数学与科学学院(SAMS)项目
反映了本科生的经历,为即将升入高三的学生提供了探索科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)这一迷人世
界的机会。我们为您提供包括课堂内外学术和个人发展的经验,为学生的未来做好准备。在大学环境中生
活和学习,挑战您发现最好的自己)”可知,SAMS项目帮助学生体验大学生活。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据CourseHighlights部分中“pletetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelp
studentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,whotheywanttobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.(完成从学生至lj
学者的课程,这门课程旨在帮助学生更好地了解自己是谁,想成为什么样的人,并学习如何实现这一目
标)”可知,在SAMS项目中,学生将形成更好的自我意识。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据ApplicationRequirements部分中“TobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmus【:(要
获得SAMS项目的资格,学生必须:)"以及"Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesamitmentinmunity
engagement.(有参与社区活动的经历)”可知,SAMS项目申请人的要求是之前参与过社区工作。故选C。
B
Runninghasalwaysbeenmywaytojustbreathe.ItusedtobethatwhenIran,mybodyspedforward,butmy
mirdfoundararestillness,makingmefeelstrong,grounded,clearheadedandfree.
Thalchangedduring(hethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasdeeplyhurlbysomeoneItrusted一
someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,IwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIoncewas.IfeltIneededto
findawaytodealwithitonmyown.Runninglateatnightsandinearlymomingsbecamemyshelterfromthat
badmemory.Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandtheburnofmylungs.Iranfasterandharder,
thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.IpusheddistancesandlimitsIhadnevertried
before.Thatfall,Isignedupforafullmarathon.
Irememberthemomentmyrightkneegaveout4monthsintomytraining.Asharppainhit.Icollapsedand
cried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.Icouldnolongerputpressureonmyrightknee.Gradually,asI
recovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifeltashift,subtle(不易察觉的)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelled
bypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn'tdemandasmuchfromme.Asmall,barelyheardvoiceinsidemesaid.
“Enough."Inolongerneededtorunfbrthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolivewithit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingit
consumeordefineme.
Iswitchedtorunningahalfmarathontoallowmybodytorecoverandbeganrunningalongsidefriendsand
joiningwomen'srunninggroups.WhenIcrossedthefinishline,itwasn'tareleasebutratherarecognitionofthe
strengthIhadalwayscarried.Unstopping.Ifeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatIrun
fbr,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.
28.Whatmadetheauthoravoidsocializing?
A.Theneedfbrrunning.B.Thesearchforfreedom.
C.Thepursuitofaclearmind.D.Theharmfromafriend.
29.Whydidtheauthorrunfasterandharder?
A.Toeasehersuffering.B.Totrainhermuscles.
C.Tounlockherpotential.D.Tofightforamarathon.
30.Asfbrrunning,howdidtheauthorfeelafterherknee'sinjury?
A.Excited.B.Challenged.C.Relieved.D.Disappointed.
31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Loveisaverb.Actitout.
B.Thinktwicebeforeyoumove.
C.Youholdtheseedofyourrebirth.
D.Successisbuiltonfocus,notfear.
【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因朋友伤害而逃避社交,通过跑步寻求治愈,最终学会
与伤痛共处并找回自我的经历。
[28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThatchangedduringthethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasceeplyhurtby
someoneItrusted—someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,iwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIonce
was.(这在我本科第三年发生了变化,当时我被我信任的人深深伤害了———个我认为是朋友的人。几乎一
夜之间,我从曾经的那个善于社交的人中退缩了。)”可知,作者因为被朋友伤害而开始逃避社交。故选
Do
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandthebumofmylungs.I
ranfasterandharder,thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.(我在肌肉的疼痛和肺部
的灼烧中寻找治愈方法。我跑得更快更猛,心想也许如果我虐待自己的身体,疼痛就会消失。)”可知,作
者跑得更快更猛是为了减轻痛苦。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Icollapsedandcried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.(我倒下哭了,释
放了我憋了几个月的眼泪。)"以及"Gradually,asIrecovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifelta
shift,subtle(不易察觉的)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelledbypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn'tdemandasmuch
fromme.(渐渐地,随着我康复,我又开始跑步了。令我惊讶的是,我感到了一种转变,起初很微妙。我的
跑步曾经因疼痛而加速,现在变得更安静了。)”“Inolongerneededtorunforthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolive
withit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingitconsumeordefineme.i:我不再需要为受伤而奔跑。我学会了忍受
它,学会「承受痛苦,而不是让它吞噬或定义我)”可知,作者膝盖受伤后倒下哭了,但逐渐康复后,再次
跑步时感到了一种转变,因为她不再用跑步宣泄痛苦,受伤后作者对跑步的感觉是解脱的。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段MIfeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatI
runfor,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.(我又找回了自我。它教会我停
下来,问问自己为什么跑步,并学会善待每•步都陪伴着我的身体。)”可知,文章通过讲述作者因朋友伤
害而逃避社交,通过跑步寻求治愈,最终学会与伤痛共处并找回自我的经历,传达了“自我救赎与成长”
的主题,即“你掌握着自己重生的种子”。故选C。
C
ANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedoverahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduring
the1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganizationbetweenour12thand25thyears.Thebrain
doesn'tactuallygrowverymuchduringthisperiod.Ilhasalreadyreached90percentofitsfullsizebythetimea
personissix.Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,resemblinga
networkandwiringupgrade.
BeatrizLunaprofessorofUniversityofPittsburgh,usedneuroimagingtostudythe(eenbrain.Lunascanned
thebrainsofchildren,teens,andtwentysomethingswhiletheyperfonnedaspecifictask.Theyviewascreenon
whichtheredcrosshairsatthecenteroccasionallydisappearjustasalightflasheselsewhereonthescreen.The
instructionsaretonotlookatthelightandinsteadtolookintheoppositedirection.Asensordetectsanyeye
movement.
Tenyearoldsfailabout45percentofthetime.Teensdomuchbetter.WhalLunafoundmostinteresting,
however,wasnotthosescores.Itwasthebrainscansshetookwhilepeopletookthetest,paredwithadults,teens
tendedtomakelessuseofbrainregionsthatspoterrors,plan,andstayfocused—areastheadultsseemedtobring
onkneautomatically.Thislettheadultsuseavarietyofbrainresourcesandbetterresistdistractions,whiletheteens
usedthoseareaslessoftenandmorereadilygaveintotheimpulsetolookattheflashinglight.Thishelpsexplain
whyteensbehavewithsuchannoyinginconsistency:attractingatbreakfast,disgustingatdinner;masterfulon
Monday,sleepwalkingonSaturday.
Meanwhile,lakeinspirationinonelastdistinctionoftheteenbrain—afinalkeytobothitsawkwardnessand
itsremarkableadaptability.Thisisthelastingplasticityofthoselatedevelopingfrontalareasastheyslowlymature.
Andatfirstglancethisseemslikebadnews:Ifweneedtheseareasfortheplextaskofenteringtheworld,why
aren'ttheyrunningatfullspeedwhenthechallengesarcmostdiscouraging?
Theansweristhatspeedesatthepriceofflexibility.AccordingtoDouglasFields,anNIHneuroscientist,
“Thismeanstheperiodwhenabrainareaisgettingupgradedisasortofcrucialperiodoflearning—oncethat's
doneit'shardertochange.^^
Thelong,slow,backtofrontdevelopmentalwave,pletedonlyinthemid20s,appearstobeauniquelyhuman
adaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwehumansdon'twiseupabitearlier
inlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we'dendupmorestupid.
32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resembling“inParagraph1probablymean?
A.Buildingup.B.Lookinglike.
C.Breakingdown.D.Connectingto.
33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Bepatientandteamscanstillbesmarter.
B.Befocusedandwewillfacetheworldbetter.
C.Brainshavethetendencytolevelupwhenneeded.
D.Brains'processingspeedispromisedastheymature.
34Whatis(hemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toanalysethepositionofhumanbrains.
B.Tofindreasonfbrteens'inconsistentbehaviours.
C.Tomakeacontrastbetweenteenandadultbrains.
D.Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopalareasonablepace.
【答案】32.B33.A34.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是•篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑在12岁到25岁之间经历大规模重组,解释了青少
年行为特点及大脑发育的合理性。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,
resemblinganetworkandwiringupgrade.(但是,当我们进入青春期时,大脑会经历广泛的重塑,就像网络
和线路升级一样。)”可知,大脑经历重塑,类似于网络和线路的升级,故resembling意为“像,类似
于”。选项B"Lookinglike.(看起来像。)”符合题意。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thelong,slow,backtofrontdevelopmentalwave,pletedonlyinthemid20s,
appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwe
humansdon'twiseupabitearlierinlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we'dendupmorestupid.(这种漫长、缓
慢、从后到前的发展浪潮,直到20多岁中期才完成,似乎是人类独有的适应方式。这可能是我们最具顺
序性的特征之一。我们人类在生令早期没有变得更聪明一点,这似乎有点疯狂。但如果我们早点变得聪
明,我们最终会变得更笨。)”可知,要有耐心,青少年仍然可以更聪明。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中uANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedover
ahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduringthe1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganization
betweenour12thand25thyears.(美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的一项项目对上世纪90年代成长起来的100
多名年轻人进行了研究,结果显示,我们的大脑在12岁到25岁之间会经历大规模的重组。)”以及最后一
段中“Thelong,slow,backtofrontdevelopmentalwave,pletcdonlyinthemid20s,appearstobeauniquelyhuman
adaptation.(这种漫长、缓慢、从后到前的发展浪潮,直到20多岁中期才完成,似乎是人类独有的适应方
式。)”可知,文章主要解释了人类大脑在青少年时期到成年早期的发育过程,以及这一发育过程的合理性
和必要性,即人类大脑以合理的速度发育。选项D"Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopatareasonablepace.(解
释人类大脑以合理的速度发育。y符合题意。故选D。
Ah.theworldOh.theworld—MobyDick.
Thefirstscientificstudyofspermwhaleswaspublishedin1835byaScottishshipdoctornamedThomas
Beale.Bealebelievedspermwhalestobesilent.HermanMelvillereliedheavilyonBealeinposingMolyDick.
“Thewhalehasnovoice,^^Melvillewrote.ktButthenagain,“hewenton,44whathasthewhaletosay?Seldomhave
Ispermwhaleknownanyprofoundbeing(hathadanythingtosaylothisworld,unlessforcedtospeakout
somethingbywayofgettingaliving.^^
Thequestionofwhetheranyspeciespossessesa“municationsystem“parabletothatofhumansisanopen
andmuchdebatedone.Inthe1950s.thebehavioristB.ESkinnerarguedthatchildrenlearnlanguagethrough
positivereinforcement;therefore,otheranimalsshouldbeabletodothesame.ThelinguistNoamChomskyhada
differentview.Hedismissed(henot.onthatkidsacquirelanguageviaconditioning,andalso(hepossibilitythat
languagewasavailabletootherspecies.
MichaelBronstein,aputerscientistfromtheRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudyinCambridge,decidedlo
discoverthemeaningofspermwhales5codas——quickburstsofclicksproducedby(hewhaleswhichthey
exchangewithoneanother.ThuswasborntheCetaceanTranslationInitiative—ProjectCETIforshort,which
representsthemostambitious,(heir.osttechnologicallyadvanced,and(hemostwellfundedeffortevermadeto
municatewithanotherspecies.
“OneimportantthingthatIthinkwillbeanouteofthisprojecthastodowithhowweseelifeonlandandin
theoceans,Bronsteinsaid."Ifwcunderstand—orwehaveevidence,andveryclearevidenceintheformof
languagclikcmunication—thatintelligentcreaturesarclivingthereandthatwcarcdestroyingthem,thatcould
changethewaythatwcapproachourEarth,ifwccouldunderstandwhatthey'resaying,insteadof'savethe
whales'ilwillbe'savedbythewhales'.”
AIsharesthishope.OratleasttheAlpoweredlanguagemodelissmartenoughtoexpressit.Notlongago,
sufleringfromwriter'sblock,IaskedanAIchatbotifitcouldrewriteMobyDickfromthewhale'sperspective.
TheAIchatbotwrote:
Deepinthesea,Ilongedtomunicatewiththecaptain,toshowhimthatmykind,too,hademotionsand
fa而liestoprotect.Butthelanguagebarrierbetweenourworldsremainedagapthatcannotbebridged.
Andthestoryendswithasomewhatdepressingbutnotunaffectedemotionalrequest:
I,theWhiteWhale,couldonlywonderiftherewouldevereadaywhenmanandwhalewouldunderstand
eachother,findingharmonyinthevastnessoftheoceansembrace.
35.WhydoestheauthorquoteHermanMelville?
A.Torevealthepossibilityofwhales'talking.
B.Topresentthepopularityofwhalesinliterature.
C.Tohighlightthevalueofvoicesinmakingaliving.
D.Toprovemunicationsystemisuniquetohumans.
36.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?
A.Livinginagreementwithnatureiswellunderway.
B.TheauthormaybelieveSkinnermorethanChomsky.
C.AIchatbotshaveabigadvantageoverhuman
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