2024-2025学年浙江省杭州市西湖区高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省杭州市西湖区2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AManysuccessfulpeoplewritebooks,allowingpeopletoreadthestoriesoftheirfailuresandvictoriesandtolearnfromtheirmistakesandachievements.Maybeyouwillfindsomethingforyourselfinthesebooks.Business@theSpeedofThoughtbyBillGatesInthebookpublishedin1999,Gatespredictedthatbusinesswouldchangemoreinthenexttenyearsthaninthelast50years.Didthispredictioncometrue?Well,yes,itdidandthatisagreatreasontorereadthisbook.Inthisbook,BillGatesshareshisknowledgeaboutsuccessfulbusinessprinciplesandteacheshowtousemoderninformationtechnologiescorrectly.Heprovidespersonalexamplesfromhisbusiness,makingthisbookevenmoreinteresting.Buffett’sBitesbyWarrenBuffetWarrenBuffethasmademorethan$50billionduetosuccessfulinvestments.Inthisbook,heshowshisbusinesscorrespondence(来往信件)withhispartnersandinvestorsstartingfrom1957.Hisgoldenruleofcommunicatingwithinvestorsistoprovidetheinformationyouwouldwanttoreceiveyourself.OpenSociety:ReformingGlobalCapitalismbyGeorgeSorosGeorgeSoroshasmademorethan$19billionsofar.Thatmakeshisbookreallyworthreading.Criticscallthisbookthedeclarationofthenewcapitalism(资本主义).Histhoughtsandideasareveryfresh,cleverandunusual.Everyonewhoisintopolitics,businessandsocialproblemsneedstoreadit.TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklinbyBenjaminFranklinThebooktellsaboutthefirsthalfoftheauthor’slife.ItisespeciallyinterestingbecauseFranklindescribestheformationofhispersonality.Franklinwas,undoubtedly,averygiftedperson.Allthegoodcircumstancesinhislifecontributedtohissuccess,andallthebadonesjusttrainedhiswillpower.Theeventsofhislifeshowthatapersonwithaninquiringmindandactiveenergycanlearnanykindofactivityandeveryfieldofknowledge.1.WhatisspecialaboutBusiness@theSpeedofThought?A.It’sacollectionofletters. B.It’sapredictionofthefuture.C.Itfocusesoncommunications. D.Itnarratespersonalexperiences.2.WhatcanyoureadaboutOpenSociety:ReformingGlobalCapitalism?A.Politics,businessandsocialproblems. B.Aman’sinvestingexperiencein1957.C.GeorgeSoros’fightagainstsociety. D.GeorgeSoros’failureinhisbusiness.3.WhatcanbeinferredfromTheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin?A.Franklinneverexperiencedfrustration. B.Franklinhadahighthirstforknowledge.C.Franklinhadnotroublelearninganything. D.Franklinwroteittorecordhisachievements.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本名人撰写的书。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“Business@theSpeedofThought”部分中“Inthebookpublishedin1999,Gatespredictedthatbusinesswouldchangemoreinthenexttenyearsthaninthelast50years.(在1999年出版的书中，盖茨预测，未来十年的商业变化将比过去50年更大)”可知，《Business@theSpeedofThought》特别之处是这是一本预测未来的书。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“OpenSociety:ReformingGlobalCapitalism”部分中“Everyonewhoisintopolitics,businessandsocialproblemsneedstoreadit.(每个关注政治、商业和社会问题的人都需要阅读它)”可知，人们可以从《OpenSociety:ReformingGlobalCapitalism》一书中读到政治、商业和社会问题。故选A项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据“TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin”部分中“Allthegoodcircumstancesinhislifecontributedtohissuccess,andallthebadonesjusttrainedhiswillpower.Theeventsofhislifeshowthatapersonwithaninquiringmindandactiveenergycanlearnanykindofactivityandeveryfieldofknowledge.(他一生中所有的好环境都促成了他的成功，所有的坏环境都锻炼了他的意志力。他的生活事件表明，一个有探究精神和积极能量的人可以学习任何一种活动和各个知识领域)”可知，富兰克林经历的挫折磨炼了他的意志，他具有探究精神和积极能量，这让他能够学习任何一种活动以及各个领域的知识；由此可知，富兰克林对知识有强烈渴望。故选B项。BAustralialooksbrownerandflatterthanIremembered;it’sdrygrasshereandtheredottedwithtoughbushesandunremarkablebuildings.Thelightingisviolentlyintense.Myfriendkeepstalkinginthedriver’sseatandIrespondwith‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’toappearinterestedinherstringofgossipaboutpeoplewhosefacesIhavelongforgotten,whosestoriesI’vestoppedcaringabout.‘Areyouokay?’myfriendasks,takinghereyesofftheroadtostudymyexpressionwithherall-knowingeyes.‘Justtired,’Isay.Sheacceptsmyliewithanunconvincedshrug.Ikeepsearchinginmymind’seyes,hopingtobringbackintofocusimagesfromtheremotetownsofAsia:steamcomingoffboilingpots,basketsfilledwithstrangefruits,giantpigsalongsidelittlekids.Ilaughatthethought.‘Somethingfunny?’myfriendasks.‘Oh,justamemory,’Isay.‘ThelittlekidsinnorthernThailandweresofriendly.Whenwe’dpasstheminthestreet,they’dgreetusatthetopoftheirlungsintheirnativelanguage.’‘Cool,’shesays,andthen-’Hey,guesswhat?Ihadmybathroomremade!’‘Wow,’Isay.Andthenshedetailsherbathroomproject,andI‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’.Homeimprovements,kids,full-timejobs:thesearethestandardconversationtopicsofthirty-somethingwomen.IntheyearssinceIleft,myfriendshavematuredintoresponsibleadults,butI’mstuckinanotherplaceentirely,morecomfortableinalocalbustravelingalongtheedgeofaHimalayanmountain.Iftheyareallgrownupsnow,whatdoesthatmakeme?Peoplesaythattravelchangesyou,butIneveranticipateditwouldbelikethis.Iclosemyeyesandreturntotheexcitementofbeingspedat565milesperhourtosomewhereforeignandwild.ButImuststaythistime.MydadhasbeendiagnosedwithaseriousillnessandsohereIam,backinreality,backtomyroots.4.HowdoestheauthorfeelonherarrivalinAustralia?A.Interested. B.Conflicted. C.Exhausted. D.Excited.5.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheconversationbetweentheauthorandherfriend?A.Theyhavedifferentinterestsandlivesasgrownups.B.Theysharefondmemoriesofgrowinguptogether.C.Theycareaboutandprovideupdatesforeachother.D.Theyenjoytellingpersonalstoriestoexchangeideas.6.By“Iftheyareallgrownupsnow,whatdoesthatmakeme?”(inthesecondlastparagraph),theauthormeans_________.A.theymakemethinkofgrowingupastheydoB.wearealladultswhowilleventuallysettledownC.acomfortablehomeiswhatweallneedasadultsD.diverseexperiencesshapeindividuals’lifepaths7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.FeelingLostWhenBackinAustraliaB.TheExcitementofTravelingtoAustraliaC.Australia:APlacelikeAsiainMyHeartD.OutofAsia,OutofMind【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者回到家乡澳大利亚后发现自己对家乡的一切都感到陌生，找不到归属感，这让她感到很失落。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“AustralialooksbrownerandflatterthanIremembered;it’sdrygrasshereandtheredottedwithtoughbushesandunremarkablebuildings.Thelightingisviolentlyintense.(澳大利亚看起来比我记忆中的更棕色、更平坦；这里到处都是干草，点缀着坚韧的灌木丛和不起眼的建筑。灯光非常强烈。)”和第四段第三句到最后一句“Ikeepsearchinginmymind’seyes,hopingtobringbackintofocusimagesfromtheremotetownsofAsia:steamcomingoffboilingpots,basketsfilledwithstrangefruits,giantpigsalongsidelittlekids.(我一直在脑海中搜寻，希望能把亚洲偏远城镇的画面重新聚焦起来：沸腾的锅里冒出的蒸汽，装满奇怪水果的篮子，和小孩子在一起的巨型猪。)”可知，作者到达澳大利亚时心情很矛盾。故选B。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Myfriendkeepstalkinginthedriver’sseatandIrespondwith‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’toappearinterestedinherstringofgossipaboutpeoplewhosefacesIhavelongforgotten,whosestoriesI’vestoppedcaringabout.(我的朋友坐在驾驶座上不停地说话，我的回应是“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗?”’表现出对她那一串关于我早已忘记的人的闲话感兴趣，那些人的故事我也不再关心了。)”和第八段前三句“‘Cool,’shesays,andthen-’Hey,guesswhat?Ihadmybathroomremade!’‘Wow,’Isay.Andthenshedetailsherbathroomproject,andI‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’.(“酷！”她说，然后——“嘿，你猜怎么着？我重新装修了我的浴室！“哇！”我说。然后她详细介绍了她的浴室计划，我就会“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗？”)”可知，从作者和朋友之间的对话可以了解到作为成年人她们有不同的兴趣和生活。故选A。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据第八段倒第二句“IntheyearssinceIleft,myfriendshavematuredintoresponsibleadults,butI’mstuckinanotherplaceentirely,morecomfortableinalocalbustravelingalongtheedgeofaHimalayanmountain.(在我离开后的几年里，我的朋友们已经成熟为负责任的成年人，但我却完全被困在了另一个地方，坐在一辆沿着喜马拉雅山脉边缘行驶的当地巴士上更舒服。)”可知，“Iftheyareallgrownupsnow,whatdoesthatmakeme?（如果他们现在都是大人了，那我算什么?）”的意思是不同的经历塑造了个人的人生道路。故选D。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据前两段“AustralialooksbrownerandflatterthanIremembered;it’sdrygrasshereandtheredottedwithtoughbushesandunremarkablebuildings.Thelightingisviolentlyintense.Myfriendkeepstalkinginthedriver’sseatandIrespondwith‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’toappearinterestedinherstringofgossipaboutpeoplewhosefacesIhavelongforgotten,whosestoriesI’vestoppedcaringabout.(澳大利亚看起来比我记忆中的更棕色、更平坦；这里到处都是干草，点缀着坚韧的灌木丛和不起眼的建筑。灯光非常强烈。我的朋友坐在驾驶座上不停地说话，我的回应是“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗？”表现出对她那一串关于我早已忘记的人的闲话感兴趣，那些人的故事我也不再关心了。)”和最后一段“Peoplesaythattravelchangesyou,butIneveranticipateditwouldbelikethis.Iclosemyeyesandreturntotheexcitementofbeingspedat565milesperhourtosomewhereforeignandwild.ButImuststaythistime.MydadhasbeendiagnosedwithaseriousillnessandsohereIam,backinreality,backtomyroots.(人们都说旅行会改变你，但我从来没有想到会是这样。我闭上眼睛，重新回到以每小时565英里的速度驶向异国荒野的兴奋中。但这次我必须留下来。我的父亲被诊断出患有一种严重的疾病，所以我回到了现实，回到了我的根。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者在回到家乡澳大利亚之后的失落心情。故选A。CAstronomershaveuncoveredthefeedingscheduleofasupermassiveblackhole,revealingthatitconsumesmaterialabouteverythreeandahalfyears.Thediscoveryprovideskeyinformationaboutmysteriouscosmic(宇宙的)forces,deepeningscientists’understandingofhowtheuniverseisformed.Astronomersfirstnoticedtheblackhole’sactivitywhenthegalaxyitresidesinexperiencedasignificantincreaseinbrightnessin2018.Theyidentifiedthisasatidal(潮汐的)disruption(扰乱)event,whichoccurswhenastaristornapartbytheintensegravitational(引力的)forcesofablackhole.Asthestarwaspulledapart,itsmaterialheatedup,producingX-rayandultravioletlightthatwasobservedbythetelescopes.Thisemissioneventuallyfaded,suggestingthattheblackholehadconsumedthematter.However,abouttwoyearslater,theX-rayandUVlightfromthegalaxybrokeupagain.Thisunexpectedresurgence(复苏)suggestedthatthestarhadonlybeenpartiallyconsumedduringitsfirstencounter,withmorematerialbeingtakenawayasitapproachedtheblackholeagain.Theastronomerslearnedthatthestarhadmovedintoahighlyextendedorbitaroundtheblackholeafterthefirstencounter.Wheniteventuallyapproachedagain,thegalaxylitupwithX-rayandUVlightasmoreofthestar’smaterialwasconsumed.Thisdiscoveryallowedthescientiststocalculatethestar’sorbitalperiod,helpingthemlearnthattheblackholeconsumesmaterialapproximatelyeverythreeandahalfyears.Onthesegrounds,theteampredictsthattheblackhole’snextencounterwiththestarwillbeginbetweenMayandAugust2025,althoughitisexpectedtobesmaller,asmostofthestarhasalreadybeendestroyed.8.Whatisthesignificanceofthediscoveryofthefeedingscheduleofablackhole?A.Itledtoscientists’discoveryofasupermassiveblackhole.B.Itmadetheformationoftheblackholeknowntoscientists.C.Itchangedscientists’viewsaboutthethreatfromblackholes.D.Itbroadenedscientists’knowledgeofthepoweroftheuniverse.9.Whatmadetheblackhole’sactivitydiscovered?A.Thepowerfulgravitationalpullofablackhole. B.TheX-rayandUVlightreleasedbythestar.C.Asuddendecreaseinthegalaxy’sbrightness. D.Asharpriseinradiosignalsfromthegalaxy.10.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph3?A.Thestarhadtheabilitytorecover. B.Theblackholehadunstableforces.C.Thestarpartlysurvivedtheblackhole. D.Thestarshonebeforebeingpulledapart.11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheteam’sprediction?A.Theblackhole’sfeedingschedulewillbechanged.B.Thenextencounterwilltakeplaceoutsidetheorbit.C.Thenextencounterwillbetinierthanthepreviousone.D.Thestarwillbecompletelyconsumedbytheblackhole.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天文学家发现超大质量黑洞约每三年半吞噬一次物质，通过观测恒星被撕裂释放的射线等，揭示其进食周期，助于理解宇宙形成。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thediscoveryprovideskeyinformationaboutmysteriouscosmic(宇宙的)forces,deepeningscientists’understandingofhowtheuniverseisformed.(这一发现为有关神秘宇宙力量的诸多问题提供了关键信息，进一步加深了科学家们对于宇宙形成机制的理解。)”可知，黑洞进食时间表的发现拓展了科学家对宇宙力量的认识。故选D。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asthestarwaspulledapart,itsmaterialheatedup,producingX-rayandultravioletlightthatwasobservedbythetelescopes.(当这颗恒星被撕裂时，其物质温度升高，产生了X射线和紫外线光，这些光被望远镜观测到了。)”可知，该恒星释放出的X射线和紫外线使得黑洞的活动得以被发现。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“However,abouttwoyearslater,theX-rayandUVlightfromthegalaxybrokeupagain.Thisunexpectedresurgence(复苏)suggestedthatthestarhadonlybeenpartiallyconsumedduringitsfirstencounter,withmorematerialbeingtakenawayasitapproachedtheblackholeagain.(然而，大约两年后，来自星系的X射线和紫外线再次分解。这种出乎意料的再度复苏表明，在它首次与黑洞相遇时，该恒星只是被部分吞噬了，而在再次靠近黑洞的过程中，又有更多的物质被吸走了。)”可知，这颗恒星在一定程度上逃过了黑洞的吞噬。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Onthesegrounds,theteampredictsthattheblackhole’snextencounterwiththestarwillbeginbetweenMayandAugust2025,althoughitisexpectedtobesmaller,asmostofthestarhasalreadybeendestroyed.(基于这些情况，研究团队预测，黑洞与这颗恒星的下一次相遇将在2025年5月至8月之间发生，不过预计这次相遇的规模会较小，因为大部分恒星已经遭到破坏。)”可知，C选项“下一次的相遇规模将会小于之前的那次。”正确。故选C。DThedifferencesinhealthoutcomesareneithernewnorunknown.Fromdifferencesinlifespantounevenaccesstoqualityhealthcare,theso-called“HealthGap”isapersistentandtroublingindicationofinequality.Peoplelivinginlowandmiddle-incomecountriesarefarmorelikelytodiefrompreventableandtreatablecauses.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,obviousdifferencesinhealthoutcomespersist(持续存在)withincountries,cuttingalongsocioeconomicandgeographiclines.Closingthesehealthgapsisbothamoralandpracticalneedbecauseeveryhumanbeinghasarighttoahealthy,dignifiedlife;practicalbecausehealthinequitiesbringaboutsubstantialeconomicandsocialcosts.HealthinequitiescouldcosttheU.S.economyapproximately$320billionannuallyandriseto$1trillionby2040ifnotaddressed.Thesefiguresemphasizetheneedforsystemicsolutionsthatlookattherootcauses.Artificialintelligencehasenteredthesceneasanewtoolintheattempttoremakethehealthsystem.Broadlyspeaking,patternrecognitionandpersonalizedcarearethetwofocusesinthatcontext.AIapplicationscandetectdiseases—oftenearlierandmoreaccuratelythanhumans—tailortreatmentstoindividualpatients,andsupporthealthcareprofessionalsinmanagingcomplexcaseloads(病例).Preventiveinterventionscansavelivesandresourceswhileincreasingthequalityoflifeofhumans.AI-poweredpredictionmodelshavebeenusedtoidentifypatientsathighriskofcomplicationsorchronic(慢性病)conditionssuchaskidneydisease,whichotherwiseoftengoesunnoticeduntilsignificantdamageisdonetothebody.Beyondclinicalsettings,AI-drivenanalysesoflargedatasets—fromhospitalrecordstosocioeconomicindicators—canhighlightat-riskcommunities,helpingpolicymakersandhealthorganizationsdistributeresourcesmoreeffectively.Bylocatingunder-servedareasandidentifyingpopulationsleastlikelytoaccesspreventiveservices,AIcanguidetargetedcommunityinterventions,mobileclinics,healtheducationprograms,andotherinitiativestoclosethehealthgap.Whilethepotentialislarge,AI’seffectivenessinclosingthehealthgapdependsonmorethanjusttechnologicaladvancement.AImustbedeliberatelydesigned,trained,tested,andtargetedtobringoutthebestinandforpeopleandtheplanet.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthehealthgapfromparagraph1?A.Itrarelyexistsinwealthycountries. B.Itistherootofeconomicdifference.C.Itreferstounfairnessinhealthoutcomes. D.Itshowstheequaldistributionofresources.13.Whatdothefiguresindicateinparagraph2?A.EconomictroubleinUS. B.CostlymedicalexpensesinUS.C.Theurgencyofclosinghealthgap. D.ThemoraldilemmafacingAmericans.14.WhatcanAIdotoimprovethehealthsystem?A.Preventthespreadofdiseases. B.Curepatientswithchronicconditions.C.Replacedoctorstomanagecaseloads. D.Detectdiseasesandoffertailoredtreatments.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.HowAIservestogetridofinequality. B.WhatroleAIplaysinclosinghealthgap.C.WhatchallengesAIfacesinmedicalfield. D.HowAIstimulatestechnologicaladvancement.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能在缩小健康差距方面发挥的作用。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Fromdifferencesinlifespantounevenaccesstoqualityhealthcare,theso-called“HealthGap”isapersistentandtroublingindicationofinequality.(从寿命的差异到获得优质医疗服务的不均衡，这种所谓的“健康差距”是持续存在的令人困扰的不平等现象)”可知，健康差距指的是健康结果的公平性问题。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“HealthinequitiescouldcosttheU.S.economyapproximately$320billionannuallyandriseto$1trillionby2040ifnotaddressed.Thesefiguresemphasizetheneedforsystemicsolutionsthatlookattherootcauses.(如果不解决，健康不平等每年可能会使美国经济损失约3200亿美元，到2040年将上升到1万亿美元。这些数字强调需要从根源上寻找系统性解决方案)”可以推测出，数据表明解决健康差距的紧迫性。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Artificialintelligencehasenteredthesceneasanewtoolintheattempttoremakethehealthsystem.Broadlyspeaking,patternrecognitionandpersonalizedcarearethetwofocusesinthatcontext.AIapplicationscandetectdiseases—oftenearlierandmoreaccuratelythanhumans—tailortreatmentstoindividualpatients,andsupporthealthcareprofessionalsinmanagingcomplexcaseloads(病例).(人工智能作为一种重塑健康系统的新工具出现在眼前。广泛地说，模式识别和个性化护理是其中的两个焦点。AI应用程序可以检测疾病——通常比人类更早且更准确——为个别患者定制治疗，并支持医疗专业人员管理复杂的病例)”可知，人工智能可以检测疾病并提供个性化治疗。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容和最后一段“Whilethepotentialislarge,AI’seffectivenessinclosingthehealthgapdependsonmorethanjusttechnologicaladvancement.AImustbedeliberatelydesigned,trained,tested,andtargetedtobringoutthebestinandforpeopleandtheplanet.(虽然潜力巨大，但人工智能在缩小健康差距方面的有效性不仅取决于技术进步。人工智能必须经过精心设计、训练、测试，并有针对性地为人类和地球带来最好的东西)”可以推断出，文章主要讲述了人工智能在缩小健康差距方面发挥的作用。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DoLobstersFeelPain?Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster(龙虾)—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.___16___.Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.However,iflobstersarecapableoffeelingpain,themethodandothers,suchasstoringthelivelobsteronice,raisemoralquestionsforchefsandlobstereatersalike.___17___.Lobstershaveaperipheralsystemlikehumans,butinsteadofasinglebrain,theypossessnervecluster(神经簇).Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎动物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.___18___,soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice.Currently,boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerland,NewZealand,andtheItaliancityReggioEmilia.ThemosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutesalobster,makingitunconsciousinlessthanhalfasecondorkillingitin5to10seconds.___19___.Unfortunately,theCrustaStunistooexpensiveformostrestaurantsandpeopletoafford.Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.___20___,butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit.A.ThissolutionisnotidealB.Andthen,itcanbecutapartorboiledC.LobstersarepopularfoodinmanycountriesD.ThereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpainE.ScientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpainF.ManyrestaurantschoosemorehumanemethodstocookitG.Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.B20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一直以来科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见，现在越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛，因此一些国家禁止将龙虾活煮或放在冰上，推荐使用更人道的水产品电击器处理龙虾，一些无力负担该工具的餐馆则尽量选择其他人道的方式进行处理。【16题详析】前文“Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster(龙虾)—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.(传统的烹饪龙虾的方法——活煮龙虾——引发了龙虾是否会感到疼痛的问题)”引入传统活煮龙虾的话题，后文“Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.(龙虾死后很快就会变质，吃死龙虾会增加患病的风险，并降低其味道的质量)”具体解释采用这种烹饪方式的原因，因此G项“Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience(这种烹饪方式被用来改善人类的用餐体验)”符合语境，承接前文，概括后文的具体解释，其中的Thiscookingway指代前文的boilingitalive。故选G。【17题详析】空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文的“Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎动物)tofeelpain.(由于这种差异，一些研究人员认为龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，感觉不到疼痛)”和“Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.(因此，大多数科学家认为，伤害龙虾会导致身体疼痛)”可知，本段主要介绍了对龙虾是否会感到疼痛的两种不同意见，因此E项“Scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain(科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见)”符合语境，统领后文内容，其中的feelpain和后文的feelpain是同词复现。故选E。【18题详析】空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice(因此，现在将龙虾活煮或放在冰上是违法的)”指出活煮龙虾或把龙虾放在冰上被禁止，因此D项“Thereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpain(越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛)”符合语境，解释后文被禁止的原因。故选D。【19题详析】前文“ThemosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutesalobster,makingitunconsciousinlessthanhalfasecondorkillingitin5to10seconds.(煮龙虾最人道的工具是水产品电击器。这种装置可以电击龙虾，让它在不到半秒的时间内失去意识，或者在5到10秒内杀死它)”介绍了使用水产品电击器来处理龙虾的方式，因此B项“Andthen,itcanbecutapartorboiled(然后，它可以被切开或煮)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的it指代前文的alobster。故选B。【20题详析】前文“Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.(一些餐馆把龙虾放在塑料袋里，放在冰箱里几个小时，在这段时间里，龙虾失去知觉，死亡)”介绍了一些无力负担水产品电击器的餐馆处理龙虾的方法，后文“butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit(但在烹饪和食用龙虾之前杀死它可能是最人性化的选择)”对这种方法做出了评价，因此A项“Thissolutionisnotideal(这个解决方案并不理想)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文形成转折。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ColleenKnullwasondutyattheJasperLodgeintheNationalPark.A___21___withlessthanoneyearofexperienceasshewas,itdidn’tpreventherfromhandlingavery___22___situation.“Thefirstindicationthattherewasa(n)___23___wasthatwehadnoticedsmokecomingupfromthemountainside,andItriedmybestto___24___theknowledgeIhadlearnedduringtheprevioustrainingand___25___ittoreadthesmokeandhowclosethefirewas,”shesaid.Soon,anevacuation(疏散)orderwas___26___forJasperNationalParkandtheelectricitywascutoff.Becauseitwasmidnight,Knullstartedknockingoneachdoorto___27___theguestsatthelodge.Thenshewasinformedthatsomehikersatthecampsitewereunawareofthe___28___toevacuatequickly.Soshewalkeduptheroughpathtobringthemdown.There,she___29___16peopleonafour-hourhikethroughdarkness,towherehertruckwasparked.Finally,Knullmanagedtoleadthesehikerstoa___30___place.Shealsomanagedtokeepthings___31___duringtheevacuation.“Thesituationhadtobetakenseriously,butIshouldmakesurenobodywouldget___32___.SoItoldacoupleof___33___alongthewayandhadacoupleofgoodlaughs.Ihadtoguaranteethateverybodygotoutsoundly.”She___34___herquickreactionintheevacuationtothetrainingshehadreceived.HearingthenewsofKnull’sremarkableperformanceinJasper,ClifVetter,ChiefofEnderbyFireDepartment,said___35___andproudly,“That’sher.”21.A.doctor B.hiker C.firefighter D.camper22.A.dangerous B.exciting C.ordinary D.strange23.A.earthquake B.fire C.volcanoeruption D.urgentsignal24.A.share B.spread C.recall D.forget25.A.observed B.employed C.mastered D.reviewed26.A.issued B.refused C.canceled D.delayed27.A.lookafter B.callon C.pickup D.wakeup28.A.danger B.need C.challenge D.hope29.A.guided B.watched C.followed D.met30.A.comfortable B.distant C.safe D.hidden31.A.light B.quiet C.serious D.meaningful32.A.disappointed B.sleepy C.excited D.panicked33.A.poems B.skills C.jokes D.secrets34.A.compared B.devoted C.denied D.owed35.A.nervously B.simply C.sadly D.carefully【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.A32.D33.C34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在国家公园的JasperLodge值班的消防员ColleenKnull，尽管她只有不到一年的经验，却成功处理了一起非常危险的情况。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她是一名经验不足一年的消防员，但这并不妨碍她处理非常危险的情况。A.doctor医生；B.hiker徒步旅行者；C.firefighter消防员；D.camper露营者。根据第二段“wehadnoticedsmokecomingupfromthemountainside”可知，她是一名消防员。故选C。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然她是一名经验不足一年的消防员，但这并不妨碍她处理非常危险的情况。A.dangerous危险的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.ordinary普通的；D.strange奇怪的。根据下文“smokecomingupfromthemountainside”可知，发生了火灾，是危险的情况。故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“有火灾的第一个迹象是，我们注意到烟雾从山腰升起，我尽我最大的努力回忆我在以前的培训中学到的知识，并用它来判断烟雾和火灾的距离。”A.earthquake地震；B.fire火灾；C.volcanoeruption火山喷发；D.urgentsignal紧急的信号。根据下文“smokecomingupfromthemountainside”可知，发生了火灾。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“有火灾的第一个迹象是，我们注意到烟雾从山腰升起，我尽我最大的努力回忆我在以前的培训中学到的知识，并用它来判断烟雾和火灾的距离。”A.share分享；B.spread传播；C.recall回忆；D.forget忘记。根据下文“theknowledgeIhadlearnedduringtheprevioustraining”可知，发生了火灾，所以她回忆之前在训练中学到的知识。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“有火灾的第一个迹象是，我们注意到烟雾从山腰升起，我尽我最大的努力回忆我在以前的培训中学到的知识，并用它来判断烟雾和火灾的距离。”A.observed观察；B.employed使用；C.mastered掌握；D.reviewed回顾。根据上文“theknowledgeIhadlearnedduringtheprevioustraining”和下文“toreadthesmokeandhowclosethefirewas”可知，她用之前在训练中学到的知识来判断烟和火的距离，空格处意为“使用”。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，JasperNationalPark发布了疏散令，电力也被切断。A.issued发布；B.refused拒绝；C.canceled取消；D.delayed推迟。根据上文“anevacuation(疏散)order”可知，那个国家公园发布了疏散令。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为已经是午夜了，Knull开始敲每扇门来叫醒旅馆里的客人。A.lookafter照顾；B.callon号召；C.pickup捡起；D.wakeup叫醒。根据上文“knockingoneachdoor”和下文“theguestsatthelodge”可知，她敲门叫醒旅馆里的客人。故选D。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她被告知，营地的一些徒步旅行者没有意识到需要迅速撤离。A.danger危险；B.need需要；C.challenge挑战；D.hope希望。根据下文“toevacuatequickly.Soshewalkeduptheroughpathtobringthemdown”可知，一些徒步旅行者没有意识到需要撤离。故选B。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她带着16个人在黑暗中徒步了4个小时，来到了她卡车停放的地方。A.guided带领；B.watched观察；C.followed跟随；D.met遇到。根据下文“16peopleonafour-hourhikethroughdarkness”可知，她带领16个人走出来。故选A。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，Knull设法