2025-2026学年山东省启思大联考高三上学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省启思大联考2025-2026学年高三上学期开学英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Abirthdaycake. B.Ascarfforhimself. C.Agiftforhismom.【答案】C【原文】M:I’mlookingforabirthdaygiftformymom.Doyouhaveanysuggestions?W:Howaboutthisbeautifulscarf?It’ssoftandcomesinherfavoritecolor.2.Whatwillthespeakersdothisweekend?A.Seeamovie. B.Walkonthebeach. C.Flykitesinthepark.【答案】C【原文】M:Hey,Sally,let’sdosomethingfunthisweekend.Howaboutwatchingamovie?W:Thatsoundsnice,butI’drathergoforawalkonthebeachorflykitesinthepark.M:Goodidea!Let’sflykitesinthepark.3.Whatisthewoman’splanfortheweekend?A.Relaxingathome. B.Catchinguponwork. C.Visitinghergrandparents.【答案】A【原文】M:Ican’tbelieveit’salreadytheweekend.I’mplanningtovisitmygrandparents.Whataboutyou?W:I’mjustgoingtorest,enjoymyselfathomeandcatchuponsomesleep.I’vebeensobusylately.4.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Drawpictures. B.Writestories. C.Playsports.【答案】B【原文】M:I’vebeenthinkingabouttakingupanewhobby,butI’mnotsurewhattodo.W:Whatkindofactivitiesdoyoulike,maybesomethingcreativelikepaintingorwriting?M:I’mnotverygoodatdrawing,butIenjoyreadingbooks.MaybeIcouldstartwritingmyownstories.5.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Ateacher. B.Adoctor. C.Asalesman.【答案】B【原文】W:Mybrothercaughtacold.Whatwouldyourecommendhimtoeat?M:Youcangivehimsomesoup,butmakesureit’snottoohot.Heshouldrestanddrinkplentyofwater.W:Thanks.HowoftenshouldIremindhimtotakehismedicine?M:Remembertotakeiteverysixhoursandhewillbebettersoon.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whenwillthewomangotothemovie?A.At6p.m. B.At7p.m. C.At9p.m.7.Howwillthewomanbuythetickets?A.Bycallingthecinema’sstaff.B.Bygoingtothecinema.C.Byvisitingthecinema’swebsite.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】W:Hi,I’mcallingaboutthenewmovieNeZha2.Isitstillon?M:Yes,it’splayingatthecinemaallweek.Youcancatcheitherthe7p.m.or9p.m.show.W:I’dliketogoat7p.m.Isthereadiscountforstudents?M:Yes,there’sa10%discountforstudentsafter6p.m..W:Perfect!CanIbookticketsonline?M:Yes,youcan.Justvisitthecinema’swebsitetoreserveyourseat.W:Great!I’lldothat.Thanksfortheinformation!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatdoesTimremindLisatobringforthetrip?A.Drinks. B.Anumbrella. C.Snacks.9.WhatdidTimdolastnight?A.HewatchedTV. B.Heplayedgames. C.Hefinishedhishomework.10.WhatisLisamostexcitedtoseeatthemuseum?A.Statues. B.Paintings. C.Handicrafts.【答案】8.B9.C10.A【原文】M:Hey,Lisa,areyoureadyfortheschooltriptomorrow?W:Almost,Tim.Ijustneedtopackmybag,I’msoexcited!M:Metoo.Iheardwe’revisitingamuseumfirst,thenaparkwherewecanhavelunch.Mymomaskedmetobringanumbrella—itmightrain.Youshouldbringone,too.W:Thanks,Iwill.I’malsogoingtobringsnacksandmyfavoritedrinks.Didyoufinishyourhomework?M:Yeah,Ididitlastnight.IwantedtoplaygamesandwatchTVinstead,butIknewI’dbetoobusytoday.W:Smartmove.I’llfinishmineafterpacking,Oh,Ihopeweseesomecoolstatuesinthemuseum!M:Samehere.Ihopetoseesomebeautifulpaintingsandhandicrafts.听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。11.Whatwastheman’schildhoodlike?A.Peacefulandadventurous.B.Busyandcolorful.C.Challengingandcomplex.12.Wheredidthemanattenduniversity?A.InGreenfield. B.InLondon. C.Inanearbytown.13.Whydoesthemanfrequentlyreturntohishometown?A.Tomeethisfriends.B.Tostaywithhismother.C.Tomaintainhisfamily’soldhouse.【答案】11.A12.B13.C【原文】W:YougrewupinthetownofGreenfield,right?Whatwasyourchildhoodlikethere?M:Itwaswonderful,Greenfieldwassmall,andwedidn’thavemanyactivities,butitwaspeaceful.MyfriendsandIspentalotoftimeexploring,playingsports,andmakingupourowngames,W:Soundslikeyouhadajoyfulchildhood.DidyoustudyinGreenfieldaswell?M:Yes,IstudiedtherebeforeheadingtomyuniversityinLondon,W:Doyouvisitthetownoften?M:Yes,Igobackafewtimeseachyear,mainlytotakecareoftheoldhousethatmyfamilyhasthere.W:Doyouevermeetupwitholdfriendswhenyouvisit?M:Sometimes,yes.Someofmychildhoodfriendsstilllivethere.Andit’salwaysnicetocatchupandrememberouradventures.W:Thatsoundslovely.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Schoolfriends. B.Bossandsecretary. C.Salesmanandcustomer.15.Whatarethespeakerstryingtodecide?A.Wheretoparkdowntown.B.Howtorepairanoldbike.C.Whethertobuyabikeonline.16.Howmuchdoestheonlinebikecost?A.$100. B.$120. C.$150.17.Whatdoesthewomanfocusonabouttheonlinebike?A.Itssizeandfit. B.Itshighprice. C.Itsmisleadingphotos.【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.C【原文】M:Hey,Ifoundthisbikeforsaleonline.It’s150dollars,andtheysayit’singoodshape.Shouldwegetit?W:Thatsoundslikeafairprice,butweshouldcheckafewthingsfirst.Isawashopdowntownsellingbikesfor120dollars.Theyalsorepairoldones,somaybewecouldfindabetterdealthere.M:True,butgoingdowntowntakestime,andweneedtopayforparking.Ifthisonlineoneisreadytoride,itmightsaveustrouble.Whatiftheshop’sbikesneedfixing?Thatcouldcostextra.W:Goodpoint.Still,I’dratherseethebikemyselfbeforebuyingit.Onlinephotoscantrickyou.Whatifweaskthesellerformoredetailsfirst?M:OK,thatworks.I’llmessagehimandaskhimaboutthebike’scondition.W:I’llchecktheshop’sopeninghourstoo,justincasewewanttovisitlater.M:Great.Let’sdecideafterwehearback.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingaboutthegarden?A.Ituseslamps. B.Itsellsdrinks. C.Itonlygrowsflowers.19.Whatcanvisitorsdoonthetour?A.Tastefreshsnacks. B.Catchfishbythelake. C.Bringtheirowndrinks.20.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.Aguidetolocalfarming.B.Atourofthenewgarden.C.Alessononcatchingbirds.【答案】18.A19.A20.B【原文】Hello,everyone!Welcometoourtown’snewgardentour.I’mexcitedtosharehowwegrowfreshproducehere.Afewyearsago,visitorscouldn’tseemuchbecauseourgardensweresmallandonlyhadflowers.Butnow,we’vemadebigchanges.Weusesunnyfieldstogrowvegetablesliketomatoesandcarrotsallyear.Duringthetour,you’llseethesefieldsunderbrightsunlight,whichhelpstheplantsgrowstrong.Manypeoplethinkweuselampsindoors,butno,it’sallnaturallightoutside.You’llalsotastesomefreshsnackswemakefromtheharvest,thoughdrinksaren’tincluded—bringyourownwater!Nextweek,we’restartingabird-watchingeventbythelake.It’safunwaytoseelocalbirds,notfishlikesomeaskedabout.So,enjoythetour,trythesnacks,andcomebackforthebirds!第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhichbookyoushouldreadbasedonyournexttraveldestinationHarukiMurakami’s“1Q84”isadystopianadventurethat’sperfectfortheplaneridetoJapan.FamedJapaneseauthorHarukiMurakamicreatesanalternate1984called1Q84wherenothingfeelsrightandeverythingisslightlydifferent.SetinTokyo,Japan,thisdystopian,mystery-filledfantasynovelissuretokeepyourcaptivatedduringyourtrip.Bring“OneHundredYearsofSolitude”toreadinSouthAmerica.Asignificantworkofliterature,GabrielGarciaMarquez’sclassicfollowsgenerationsoftheBuendiafamilyastheyliveintheirSouth-Americantown.GarciaMarquez’smagicalrealismpairedwithhislushdescriptionsmakesthebookaperfectreadforvisitingsomeofthebreathtakingsightsofSouthAmerica.Considerpickingup“TheGreatGatsby”ifyou’regoingtoTheHamptonsinNewYork.Althoughthe“WestEgg”and“EastEgg”intheclassicnovelmoregreatlyresembletheGreat-NeckandPort-Washingtonpeninsulas(半岛)onLongIsland,F.ScottFitzgeraldisbelievedtohavebeeninspiredbytheHamptonswhencraftingthisbook.SetintheJazzAge,thebook’sdecadence,hotsummers,andlongingforpastloversmakeitagreatcompanionforpoolhopping,charcuterieeating,andluxuryshoppinginTheHamptons.Asyou’retravellingaroundAmsterdam,read“TheFaultinOurStars”.Previouslyadaptedintoafilmin2014,JohnGreen’sstoryofstar-crossedteenagersfamouslyincludesatriptoAmsterdam.TheAnneFrankHouseandTheRijksmuseumaretwoofmanymajordestinationsmentionedinthebook.Plus,thebenchfromthefilmadaptationofthisnovelhaseverbecomeitsowntouristspot.21.Ifyouareintoparallelexistenceandyouarefullofimagination,whichbookwouldyouliketopickup?A.TheFaultinOurStars. B.OneHundredYearsofSolitude.C.1Q84. D.TheGreatGatsby.22.WhichoneofthefollowingsisNOTtrue?A.GenerationsoftheBuentiafamilyliveintheirSouth-Americantown.B.OneHundredYearsofSolitudeisabookmainlyaboutsightsofSouthAmerica.C.“WestEgg”and“EastEgg”arebothplacenames.D.TheGreatGatsbyiswrittenbyF.ScottFitzgerald.23.Anexcerptfromthebook:Onemightmarvelattheinsanity(疯狂)ofthesituation:Amothersendsher16-year-olddaughteralonewitha17-yearoldboyoutintoaforeigncity.Accordingtotheintroductionmentionedabove,whichcityisprobablythisforeigncity?A.Tokyo. B.NewYork. C.Amsterdam. D.SaoPaulo.【答案】21.C22.B23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本前往旅行目的地时可以阅读的文学作品。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“FamedJapaneseauthorHarukiMurakamicreatesanalternate1984called1Q84wherenothingfeelsrightandeverythingisslightlydifferent.SetinTokyo,Japan,thisdystopian,mystery-filledfantasynovelissuretokeepyourcaptivatedduringyourtrip.(日本著名作家村上春树创造了另一个1984，名为1Q84，在那里一切都感觉不对劲，一切都略有不同。以日本东京为背景，这本反乌托邦、充满神秘的奇幻小说一定会让你在旅途中着迷)”可知，《1Q84》这本书涉及平行存在，充满神秘，因此适合对平行存在感兴趣、充满想象力的读者。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Asignificantworkofliterature,GabrielGarciaMarquez’sclassicfollowsgenerationsoftheBuendiafamilyastheyliveintheirSouth-Americantown.(作为一部重要的文学作品，加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯的经典作品讲述了布恩迪亚家族几代人在南美小镇上的生活)”和第三段中“Althoughthe“WestEgg”and“EastEgg”intheclassicnovelmoregreatlyresembletheGreat-NeckandPort-Washingtonpeninsulas(半岛)onLongIsland,F.ScottFitzgeraldisbelievedtohavebeeninspiredbytheHamptonswhencraftingthisbook.(虽然经典小说中的“WestEgg”和“EastEgg”更像长岛的大颈和华盛顿港半岛，但人们认为，弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德在创作这本书时受到了汉普顿斯的启发)”可知，布恩迪亚家族家族几代人都住在他们的南美小镇上，“WestEgg”和“EastEgg”都是地名，《了不起的盖茨比》是弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德写的，A、C、D与文意相符。根据第二段中“GarciaMarquez’smagicalrealismpairedwithhislushdescriptionsmakesthebookaperfectreadforvisitingsomeofthebreathtakingsightsofSouthAmerica.(加西亚·马尔克斯的魔幻现实主义与他丰富的描写相结合，使这本书成为参观南美洲一些令人惊叹的景点的完美读物)”可知，B项“《百年孤独》是一本主要描写南美洲风景的书”与文意不符。故选B项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Previouslyadaptedintoafilmin2014,JohnGreen’sstoryofstar-crossedteenagersfamouslyincludesatriptoAmsterdam.(约翰·格林的故事曾于2014年被改编成电影，讲述了一群命运多舛的青少年，其中有一段著名的阿姆斯特丹之旅)”可知，《无比美妙的痛苦》这本书中包含青少年前往阿姆斯特丹的故事，再结合题干中“有人可能会对这种疯狂的情况感到惊讶：一位母亲把她16岁的女儿和一个17岁的男孩单独送到一个外国城市”的摘要可知，该摘要出自《无比美妙的痛苦》这本书，这座外国城市是阿姆斯特丹。故选C项。BSoonafterItookmystepsintoaresearchlabasafirst-yearcollegestudent,thingswentwrong.Ileftalltheenzymes(酶)atroomtemperatureovernight,insteadofputtingtheminthefreezer.Thiscouldhavestoppedmefromperformingexperimentsonmyown,butmymentor(导师)Sauria,whowasapostdoc,didn’tshowangerordisappointmentafterIruinedallthenewlyorderedsubstances.IwentontoworkwithSauriaformoreyearsandhesetmeupforsuccessinscience.Fromthestart,SauriashowedaleveloftrustinmyexperimentalskillsthatIdidnotalwaysthinkIdeserved.EvenwhenIused10,000timesmoreofanexpensivereagent(试剂)thanIshouldhave,Sauriadidn’trollhiseyes.Instead,heguidedmethroughhowthereagentworks,makingitateachablemoment.Healsotoldmestoriesofhisownmistakes,helpingmegainlessonsfromthesituationanddobetter.Afterafewmonthsinthelab,SauriaandIstartedaprojecttogetherthatrequiredustowriteacomputerprogram.ThatwassomethingIhadexperiencein,anditfeltgreattoteachhim.Overtheyears,he’salwaysbeenopentoatwo-wayexchangeofinformation,whichhasledustodevelopmanysuccessfulprojects.Weevenpublishedapapertogether—justthetwoofus.Withtheseresults,myconfidenceincreasedgraduallyduringtheprocess.Lookingback,I’mthankfultomeetthementorwhodrilledintomeadesiretolearnandgavemefreedomtocontributemyownideas.Ihopeallmentorshavetheirowninnerexcitementaboutnewknowledgeandskillsandpassitontoothers,becauseundergraduateresearchersaren’tjustanextrapairofhandsinthelab—we’realsofuturescientistswhoneeddirectionandencouragement.24.Whatmistakedidtheauthormakeinhisfreshmanyear?A.Doingexperimentswrongly.B.Storingenzymesimproperly.C.Forgettingtofetchenzymes.D.Messingsubstancesinthelab.25.HowdidSauriarespondtomistakes?A.Hereflectedonthemregularly.B.Heconsideredthemanecessarypart.C.Hetalkedabouttheminpublic.D.Heturnedthemintolearningchances.26.Whatboostedtheauthor’sconfidence?A.Programmingcapabilities.B.TherecognitionfromSauria.C.Cooperativeachievements.D.Theexchangeofknowledge.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkmentorsshoulddo?A.Shapethemindsofscientists.B.Fireothers’passionforlearning.C.Keepsharingnewknowledge.D.Encouragefreedomofexpression.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在大学期间与导师Sauria的合作经历，以及这段经历对作者在科学研究和个人成长方面的积极影响，同时表达了作者对导师的感激之情和对未来导师的期望。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ileftalltheenzymes(酶)atroomtemperatureovernight,insteadofputtingtheminthefreezer.(我把所有的酶在室温下放置了一整晚，而没有把它们放进冰箱冷冻室。)”可知，作者在大学一年级时犯的错误是将酶存放在了室温下，而不是存放在冰箱里，即储存不当。故选B项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead,heguidedmethroughhowthereagentworks,makingitateachablemoment.Healsotoldmestoriesofhisownmistakes,helpingmegainlessonsfromthesituationanddobetter.(相反，他向我讲解了这种试剂的工作原理，让这成为了一个传授知识的时刻。他还讲述了自己犯过的错误，帮助我从这些经历中吸取教训，做得更好。)”可知，Sauria将错误转化为学习的机会，通过引导作者了解试剂的工作原理和分享自己的错误经历来帮助作者学习和成长。故选D项。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Weevenpublishedapapertogether—justthetwoofus.Withtheseresults,myconfidenceincreasedgraduallyduringtheprocess.(我们甚至一起发表了一篇论文——就我们两个人。有了这些成果，在这个过程中我的信心逐渐增强。)”可知，作者与Sauria的合作成果，包括共同发表的论文，增强了作者的信心。故选C项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ihopeallmentorshavetheirowninnerexcitementaboutnewknowledgeandskillsandpassitontoothers,becauseundergraduateresearchersaren’tjustanextrapairofhandsinthelab—we’realsofuturescientistswhoneeddirectionandencouragement.(我希望所有导师都能对新知识和技能怀有内心的热情，并将其传递给他人，因为本科研究员不仅仅是实验室里多出来的一双手——我们也是需要指导和鼓励的未来科学家。)”可知，作者认为导师应该激发他人对学习的热情，将他们对新知识和技能的热情传递给学生，给予他们指导和鼓励。故选B项。CAxolotls(蝾螈),aspeciesnativetoMexico,possessaremarkableabilitytoregeneratelostlimbs,organs,andevenspinalcord(脊髓)tissuewithinweeks.ApioneeringstudypublishedinNatureCommunicationshasdecodedthisbiologicalwonder,offeringpotentialpathwaysforhumanregenerativemedicine.LedbybiologistJamesMonaghan,ateamofresearchersgeneticallyengineeredaxolotlstoglowinthedark,enablingprecisetrackingoftheirregeneration.Theirinvestigationidentifiedretinoicacid—avitaminAderivative(衍生物)commoninskincare—asthekeydriveroflimbregrowth.Thismoleculeactsasablueprint,ensuringcorrectlimbregrowth(e.g.,ahandinsteadofanentirearm).DevelopmentalbiologistCatherineMcCuskerhighlightedalong-standingpuzzle:“Howdoesregeneratingtissueknowexactlywhattorebuild?”Toanswerthisquestion,Monaghan’steamtestedtheeffectsofvaryingretinoicacid(视黄酸)concentrationsonamputated(切断的)axolotllimbs.Experimentsrevealeddistinctretinoicacidgradientsalonglimbs:higherconcentrationsnearshoulderstriggeredcompletelimbregeneration,whilelowerconcentrationsnearhands/feetresultedonlyinfingerortoeregrowth.Theenzyme(酶)CYP26B1regulatesthisgradientbybreakingdownexcessretinoicacid,controllingitsdistribution.Moreover,agenecalledShox—targetedbyretinoicacid—isessentialtothisprocess,accordingtothestudy.Humanssharethesebiologicalcomponents:retinoicacidpathwaysandtheShoxgene.“Wehavethemachinery—wejustneedtoactivateit,”Monaghanstated,imaginingfuturemedicalpatchesthatcouldreprogramhumancellstoregeneratelimbsratherthanformscars.Whileclinicalapplicationsremainyearsaway,thisresearchprovidesfoundationalknowledge.McCuskeremphasized:“Investmentinbasicscienceiscrucial.Understandingaxolotlsbringsusclosertosolvinghumanregenerationchallenges.”Thestudyclarifiesnature’srepairmanual,potentiallytransformingtraumatreatment.28.Whathumanmedicalfieldcouldbenefitfromaxolotlresearch?A.Immediatespinalinjurytreatment.B.Newvitamin-basedskincareproducts.C.Advancedwoundhealingtechnology.D.Glowinganimalgeneticengineering.29.Whatcontrolswhetherafullarmorjustfingersgrowback?A.Wherethebodypartiscut.B.Thelevelofachemicalattheinjurysite.C.Howactiveakeygeneis.D.Thetimetakentobreakdownanenzyme.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“machinery”inparagraph4referto?A.Toolsforgeneticmodification.B.Naturalbodypartsforregrowth.C.Processesoflimbregeneration.D.Technologyformedicalpatches.31.WhydoestheauthorincludeMcCusker’semphasison“investmentinbasicscience”?A.Toadvertisepotentialclinicalapplications.B.Tourgeimmediatefundingformedicaltrials.C.Toaddressdifficultiesinpracticaltreatments.D.Tostressthefoundationalvalueoftheresearch.【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过基因工程蝾螈研究发现视黄酸调控肢体再生的关键机制（包括浓度梯度与CYP26B1酶、Shox基因的协同作用），揭示了其作为“再生蓝图”的生物学原理，为人类再生医学提供了潜在激活路径。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ApioneeringstudypublishedinNatureCommunicationshasdecodedthisbiologicalwonder,offeringpotentialpathwaysforhumanregenerativemedicine.(发表在《自然·通讯》上的一项开创性研究解读了这一生物奇迹，为人类再生医学提供了潜在途径。)”以及最后一段中的“Thestudyclarifiesnature’srepairmanual,potentiallytransformingtraumatreatment.(这项研究阐明了自然界的修复手册，可能会改变创伤治疗。)”可知，通过解析自然界的修复原理，科学家未来可开发出能激活人体再生潜能的医疗技术，使伤口愈合从疤痕修复转向功能性组织再生，从而革新创伤治疗方式。故选C项。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Experimentsrevealeddistinctretinoicacidgradientsalonglimbs:higherconcentrationsnearshoulderstriggeredcompletelimbregeneration,whilelowerconcentrationsnearhands/feetresultedonlyinfingerortoeregrowth.(实验显示，沿肢体存在明显的视黄酸梯度：肩部附近较高的浓度会触发完整的肢体再生，而手/脚附近较低的浓度只会导致手指或脚趾再生。)”可知，受伤部位的化学物质（视黄酸）水平决定了是再生完整的手臂还是仅仅是手指。故选B项。【30题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Humanssharethesebiologicalcomponents:retinoicacidpathwaysandtheShoxgene.“Wehavethemachinery—wejustneedtoactivateit,”Monaghanstated,imaginingfuturemedicalpatchesthatcouldreprogramhumancellstoregeneratelimbsratherthanformscars.(人类拥有这些共同的生物组成部分：视黄酸通路和Shox基因。“我们具备这样的machinery——只是需要激活它，”莫纳汉说道，他构想未来会出现一种医疗贴片，能够重新编程人类细胞，使其再生肢体而非形成疤痕。)”可知，人类与蝾螈共享这些生物组件，Monaghan用machinery比喻人体已具备再生潜能的基础，只是尚未被激活，因此，其正确指代为“用于再生的天然身体部件”。故选B项。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“McCuskeremphasized:“Investmentinbasicscienceiscrucial.Understandingaxolotlsbringsusclosertosolvinghumanregenerationchallenges.”Thestudyclarifiesnature’srepairmanual,potentiallytransformingtraumatreatment.(麦卡斯克强调：“对基础科学的投资至关重要。了解蝾螈使我们更接近解决人类再生的挑战。”这项研究阐明了自然界的修复手册，可能会改变创伤治疗。)”可知，作者引用麦卡斯克对“基础科学投资”的强调是为了突出这项研究的基础价值。故选D项。DAgroupofgiraffesmoveselegantlyacrossawide-openKenyanplain.Theirlongnecksstretchhigh,swinginggentlywitheachgracefulstep.Thesunbathesthelandscapeinagoldencolour,castinglongshadowsoverthegrass.Inthedistance,thesnow-cappedMountKilimanjarorisesgrandlyagainstthesky.Whathasledtogiraffes’extraordinaryshape?AccordingtoCharlesDarwin,theneckof1.8mbenefitsthembyallowingthemtoout-reachshorter-neckedcompetitorstofeedongreenleavesintalltrees;ithasbecomeaclassicexampleofevolutionary(进化)theory.ButtheresearchfromEastAfricashowedthattallgiraffesfrequentlyfeedfromlow-growingbushesandeatfasterandmoreregularlyatlowheights.ThisisasurpriseforDarwin’sfeedingcompetitionidea.Giraffesinvestalotinneckgrowth.Malescontinuetogrowtheirnecksintooldage(about28),wellpastthetimefemalesstop(aroundtheageof8).Atlast,maleshavelongandstrongnecks,whichtheyusetoshowoffbeforefemalesaswellasfightagainstenemies.Itseemsthattheirnecksaremorenotablyusedasweaponsthanforfeeding.Istheneckaresultofevolution?Theanswershoulddatebacktotheirancestors.In2022,agroupofexpertsledbyaChinesebiologistuncoveredoneofthesmallestknowngiraffefossils.Thisancientanimal,standingabout1.2mtall,showedashortbutstrengthenedneckandahornedhead.Thatwastheearliestknownshapeofgiraffeseverfound.Theylivedsome16.9millionyearsago!Today’sgiraffesaremuchlarger,withneckslongerandhornsdramaticallyreduced.Withtheneckstheycannotonlyeathigherandlower,spotdangerearlier,butfightwithmorepower.Theseallcontributetotheirsurvival.Darwinisright.Watchingthegiraffesgracefullywanderacrosstheplain,Iamonceagaininaweofthenaturalbeautyshapedbythepowerofnaturalselection.32.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningtheresearchfromEastAfrica?A.Todoubtanestablishedtheory. B.Toofferanadditionalexample.C.Toadvocateforcommonsense. D.Tosupportaquestionedbelief.33.Whatdoestheauthoraimtostressaboutgiraffes’neckgrowinginparagraph3?A.Theadvantageofthemales. B.Theimportanceforsurvival.C.Therelationwiththeirages. D.Thedifferencebetweengenders.34.Whatisnowtheauthor’sattitudetowardsDarwin’stheory?A.Heiswellconvinced. B.Heisdisapproving.C.Heismoretolerant. D.Heisstillcautious.35.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AnExceptiontoDarwin’sTheory.B.GiraffesandTheirNeckCompetition.C.TheProblemofGiraffeEvolution.D.Nature’sPerfectDesignforGiraffes.【答案】32.A33.B34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍长颈鹿颈部进化之谜，探讨其颈部增长与生存策略、性别差异之间的关系，以及达尔文进化论在此中的体现与挑战。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“AccordingtoCharlesDarwin,theneckof1.8mbenefitsthembyallowingthemtoout-reachshorter-neckedcompetitorstofeedongreenleavesintalltrees;ithasbecomeaclassicexampleofevolutionary(进化)theory.ButtheresearchfromEastAfricashowedthattallgiraffesfrequentlyfeedfromlow-growingbushesandeatfasterandmoreregularlyatlowheights.ThisisasurpriseforDarwin’sfeedingcompetitionidea.(根据查尔斯·达尔文的观点，1.8米长的脖子让长颈鹿在觅食高树绿叶时比短脖子的竞争者更有优势；这已成为进化论的一个经典例证。但东非的研究显示，高大的长颈鹿经常从低矮灌木中觅食，而且在低处进食更快、更频繁。这对于达尔文的觅食竞争理论来说是一个意外。)”可知，东非的研究结果显示，高大的长颈鹿经常从矮灌木上觅食，并且在低高度吃得更快、更频繁，这与达尔文的进食竞争理论相矛盾。因此，提到东非的研究是为了质疑已建立的理论。故选A项。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Giraffesinvestalotinneckgrowth.Malescontinuetogrowtheirnecksintooldage(about28),wellpastthetimefemalesstop(aroundtheageof8).Atlast,maleshavelongandstrongnecks,whichtheyusetoshowoffbeforefemalesaswellasfightagainstenemies.Itseemsthattheirnecksaremorenotablyusedasweaponsthanforfeeding.(长颈鹿在颈部生长上投入很多。雄性持续生长颈部直至老年（约28岁），远超雌性停止生长的时间（约8岁）。最后，雄性拥有长而强壮的颈部，它们用颈部在雌性面前展示，并与敌人战斗。似乎它们的颈部更多是用作武器，而非用来进食。)”可知，长颈鹿在脖子的生长上投入了很多，雄性长颈鹿的脖子不仅长而且强壮，它们用脖子在雌性面前炫耀以及对抗敌人。这表明，长脖子对长颈鹿的生存非常重要。因此，作者在第三段中强调了长脖子对长颈鹿生存的重要性。故选B项。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Withtheneckstheycannotonlyeathigherandlower,spotdangerearlier,butfightwithmorepower.Theseallcontributetotheirsurvival.Darwinisright.Watchingthegiraffesgracefullywanderacrosstheplain,Iamonceagaininaweofthenaturalbeautyshapedbythepowerofnaturalselection.(有了长颈，它们不仅能吃到更高和更低处的食物，还能更早发现危险，并且更有力量战斗。这些全都有助于它们的生存。达尔文是对的。看着长颈鹿优雅地漫步在平原上，我再次对自然选择塑造的自然之美感到敬畏。)”可知，长脖子使长颈鹿能够吃更高和更低的食物，更早发现危险，并且以更大的力量战斗，这些都有助于它们的生存。作者认为达尔文是对的，并对自然选择塑造的自然之美感到敬畏。因此，作者对达尔文理论的态度是完全信服的。故选A项。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Agroupofgiraffesmoveselegantlyacrossawide-openKenyanplain.Theirlongnecksstretchhigh,swinginggentlywitheachgracefulstep.Thesunbathesthelandscapeinagoldencolour,castinglongshadowsoverthegrass.Inthedistance,thesnow-cappedMountKilimanjarorisesgrandlyagainstthesky.(一群长颈鹿优雅地行进在开阔的肯尼亚平原上。它们的长脖子高高伸起，随着每一步优雅的步伐轻轻摆动。阳光给这片风景镀上一层金色，在草地上投下长长的影子。远处，戴着雪冠的乞力马扎罗山在天空下雄伟地耸立着。)”、第二段“AccordingtoCharlesDarwin,theneckof1.8mbenefitsthembyallowingthemtoout-reachshorter-neckedcompetitorstofeedongreenleavesintalltrees;ithasbecomeaclassicexampleofevolutionary(进化)theory.ButtheresearchfromEastAfricashowedthattallgiraffesfrequentlyfeedfromlow-growingbushesandeatfasterandmoreregularlyatlowheights.ThisisasurpriseforDarwin’sfeedingcompetitionidea.(根据查尔斯·达尔文的观点，1.8米长的脖子让长颈鹿在觅食高树绿叶时比短脖子的竞争者更有优势；这已成为进化论的一个经典例证。但东非的研究显示，高大的长颈鹿经常从低矮灌木中觅食，而且在低处进食更快、更频繁。这对于达尔文的觅食竞争理论来说是一个意外。)”以及最后一段“Withtheneckstheycannotonlyeathigherandlower,spotdangerearlier,butfightwithmorepower.Theseallcontributetotheirsurvival.Darwinisright.Watchingthegiraffesgracefullywanderacrosstheplain,Iamonceagaininaweofthenaturalbeautyshapedbythepowerofnaturalselection.(有了长颈，它们不仅能吃到更高和更低处的食物，还能更早发现危险，并且更有力量战斗。这些全都有助于它们的生存。达尔文是对的。看着长颈鹿优雅地漫步在平原上，我再次对自然选择塑造的自然之美感到敬畏。)”可知，本文主要介绍了长颈鹿的长脖子是如何形成的，以及长脖子对长颈鹿生存的贡献。文章提到了达尔文的进化理论，并通过东非的研究结果和长颈鹿祖先的化石发现，进一步探讨了长脖子的进化过程。所以D项Nature’sPerfectDesignforGiraffes(自然对长颈鹿的完美设计)表达的含义与本文主旨相符，适合用作本文标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheRiseof“China-chic”Overpastyears,guochao,or“China-chic”hasbeengainingpopularityamongChineseconsumers.GuochaoconveystheculturalheritageandvaluesofChina.___36___.“China-chic”isrising,butwhatisit?Theideaofguochaowasfirstborrowedfromsomeinternationalbrands,andbegantowinoverChineseconsumersin2015.___37___.In2018,ChinesesportswearbrandLi-NingpresenteditsWuDao(theprinciplesofTaoism)collectionattheNewYorkFashionWeek.ItfeaturedbrightredcolorandChinesecharacters.Morebrandshavesincefollowed,heralding(预示)theearlyperiodofguochao.___38___.Thiswasaperiodwhenapplicationsofbigdata,cloudcomputing,theInternetof