【高二下期末】广东省广州市天河区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

2/22021学年第二学期天河区期末考试高二英语本试卷共8页，满分为150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号填写在答题卡相应的位置上.2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效，4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOrbitalstructuresarebecomingincreasinglyimportantforworldwidecommunicationsandanewgenerationoftechnologies.Butscientistsarewarningthatthedangerofspacedebris(碎片)israpidlyincreasing.Spacedebriscanincludepiecesofoldrockets,non-operationalsatellites,losttoolsandotheritems.Theyarethreateningspaceships,satellitesandspacestations.InanefforttoreducetheamountofdebrisorbitingtheEarth,agroupofeconomistsattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderproposedayearlyfee,ortax,onsatelliteoperatorsfortheiruseofanorbitalpath.Thegroup’sstudyonthesubjectappearedrecentlyinthepublicationProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.MatthewSmithhelpedwritethestudy.Hesaidinastatement:“Spaceisacommonresource,butcompaniesaren’tresponsibleforthecosttheirsatellitesimpose(迫使)onotheroperatorswhentheydecidewhetherornottolaunch.Soweneedapolicythatletssatelliteoperatorsdirectlycoverthecoststheirlaunchesimposeonotheroperators.”AkhilLiottawastheleadwriterofthestudy.Hesaidmostoftheproposedsolutionstotheproblemhavebeenbasedonusingtechnologytoclearawaythedebris.But,Smithsaid,removingdebrisonlymeansthatoperatorswilllaunchmoresatellites,andaninternationalagreementcallingforayearlyfeeortaxwouldpushcompaniestobemoremindfulaboutlaunchingfurtherobjectsintospace.ChristopherBurgess,aprofessorofspacelawatNorthumbriaUniversityinBritain,saidthatimposingaspacetaxcouldbetricky.Henotedthatsuchacostcouldbeseenasarestrictiononthefreeuseofspace,andtheefforttoplaceafeeontheuseofspacecouldeasilybeslowedbythemanydetailsinvolved.1.Accordingtothetext,whatconcernsthescientistsatpresent?A.Thehighcostofcleaningupspace. B.Theincreasingriskofspacedebris.C.Thesafetyofcommunicationsystems. D.Thepracticaleffectsofnewtechnologies.2.Whatdidsomeeconomistssuggesttosolvetheproblemmentionedinthetext?A.Strengtheningcontroloverspacestations.B.Allowingcompaniestousespaceforfree.C.Chargingsatelliteoperatorsorbitaluse.D.Usingadvanceddevicestocollectspacedebris.3.WhydoesChristopherBurgessthinktheeconomists’ideacouldbetricky?A.Itwouldleadtoanargument. B.Itwouldeventuallyberejected.C.Itisimpossibletocarryitout. D.Itishardtoputitintopractice.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空碎片的危险正在迅速增加，为了减少地球轨道上的碎片数量，有人提出对卫星运营商使用轨道路径收取年费或税费。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butscientistsarewarningthatthedangerofspacedebris(碎片)israpidlyincreasing.(但科学家警告说，太空碎片的危险正在迅速增加)”可知，科学家们担心太空碎片的危险正在不断增加。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InanefforttoreducetheamountofdebrisorbitingtheEarth,agroupofeconomistsattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderproposedayearlyfee,ortax,onsatelliteoperatorsfortheiruseofanorbitalpath.(为了减少绕地球轨道运行的碎片数量，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一组经济学家建议对卫星运营商使用轨道收取年费或税费)”可知，为了减少地球轨道上的碎片数量，经济学家建议向卫星运营商收取轨道使用费。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ChristopherBurgess,aprofessorofspacelawatNorthumbriaUniversityinBritain,saidthatimposingaspacetaxcouldbetricky.Henotedthatsuchacostcouldbeseenasarestrictiononthefreeuseofspace,andtheefforttoplaceafeeontheuseofspacecouldeasilybeslowedbythemanydetailsinvolved.(英国诺森比亚大学空间法教授克里斯托弗·伯吉斯表示，征收空间税可能很棘手。他指出，这样的费用可以被视为对自由使用空间的限制，并且对空间使用收费的努力很容易因涉及的许多细节而减缓)”可知，克里斯托弗·伯吉斯认为收取使用空间费用是对自由使用空间的限制，并且很容易因涉及的许多细节而减缓，所以向卫星运营商收取轨道使用费很难付诸实践。故选D项。BAsoneofthemostincrediblelivingthingsonthisplanet,theGreatBarrierReefisstrugglingtostayalive.Tourism,pollution,andspeciesthatfeedoncoralhaveallcontributedtotheGreatBarrierReef'sdecline.However,thebiggestthingthreateningthereefisclimatechange,becausethecoralcanonlysurviveinwaterthat'swithinanarrowtemperaturerange.Whenseatemperaturesriseabovethatrange,itcausesthealgae（海藻）thatlivewithinitstissuestobreakaway,whichleadstoaprocesscalledcoralbleaching（白化现象）.Coralbleachingissodisastroustothelifeofthereefbecausethecoralhasasymbioticrelationshipwiththealgae.Thecoralgetsabout90percentofitsenergyfromthealgae.Withoutit,thecoralsimplycan'tsurvive.Sadly,therehavebeenseveralcoralbleachingeventsinrecentyears.Scientistshavebeentryingtocomeupwithwaystosavethereefbeforeit'stoolate.WiththehelpofPeterNewman,directoroftheMarineEcologyResearchCentreatSouthernCrossUniversity,MatthewHarrison,anengineeringandroboticsprofessorattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustraliamanagedtomakeaspecialquantity.“Thereducednumberofcoralsmeanswe'velosttheabilityforcoraltoprovideenoughlarvae（幼体）tosettleandrestorethesecommunitiesquickly.Weneedamoreefficientlarvaldeliveryprocessontothedamagedreefareas,sotheLavalBotconceptdevelopedfromdiscussionswithMatthew.”NewmantoldNBCNews.“Theideaistouseanautomatedtechniquethatallowsustotargetdeliveryofthelarvaeintodamagedreefsystemssothatnewcoralcommunitiescanbegenerated,”Newmansaidabouttheirjointeffort.InNovemberof2018,theteamputtheirplanintoaction.Theprojectisparticularlypromisingbecausethelarvaeareconsideredheatresistant.Buttherootcauseofglobalwarmingstillneedstobeaddressedtosavenotonlythereefsystemsaroundtheworldbutallotherdelicateecosystems.4.Whatrelationshipbetweenthecoralandthealgaecanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Theyrelyoneachother. B.Thecoralfeedsonthealgae.C.Theyprovideenergyforeachother. D.Thealgaecan'tsurvivewithoutthecoral.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.LavalBotcanhelpdeliverthecoralbabiesmassively.B.LavalBotistheonlywaytosavethereefsuccessfully.C.Newcoralcommunitiescanbegeneratedautomatically.D.MatthewHarrisonmanagedtomakeLarvalBotindependently.6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsLavalBot?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Indifferent. D.Positive.【答案】4.A5.A6.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述由于气温上升等原因促成了大堡礁的衰落，而PeterNewman正在试图通过LavalBot恢复珊瑚礁群落。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Coralbleachingissodisastroustothelifeofthereefbecausethecoralhasasymbioticrelationshipwiththealgae.Thecoralgetsabout90percentofitsenergyfromthealgae.Withoutit,thecoralsimplycan'tsurvive.(珊瑚漂白对珊瑚礁的生命来说是灾难性的，因为珊瑚与藻类有共生关系。珊瑚大约90%的能量来自藻类。没有它，珊瑚根本无法生存。)”可知，珊瑚与藻类是共生关系，它们相互依赖对方。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“Theideaistouseanautomatedtechniquethatallowsustotargetdeliveryofthelarvaeintodamagedreefsystemssothatnewcoralcommunitiescanbegenerated,(我们的想法是使用一种自动化技术，使我们能够将幼虫输送到受损的珊瑚礁系统中，从而产生新的珊瑚群落。)”可知，LavalBot可以帮助将幼虫输送到珊瑚礁系统中。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“InNovemberof2018,theteamputtheirplanintoaction.Theprojectisparticularlypromisingbecausethelarvaeareconsideredheatresistant.Buttherootcauseofglobalwarmingstillneedstobeaddressedtosavenotonlythereefsystemsaroundtheworldbutallotherdelicateecosystems.(2018年11月，团队将其计划付诸实施。该项目特别有希望，因为幼虫被认为是耐热的。但是，全球变暖的根本原因仍然需要解决，不仅要拯救世界各地的珊瑚礁系统，还要拯救所有其他脆弱的生态系统。)”可知，作者认为该项目还是很有希望的，所以对该项目是积极支持态度。故选D项。CYoumusthavebeenamusedbyvideosofdogswavingtailshappilyattheirowner’shome-cominggreetings,orpicturesofcatslookingsoguiltyaftermakingthehouseamess.Avarietyofdomesticanimalscandistinguishbetweentheirowner’svoiceandthevoicesofothers,andcanevendetectchangesintone.Butwhetherwildanimalscanrecognizeindividualhumansisabitunclear.AnewstudyledbyRobertaSalmiisthefirsttoshowthatwildgorillas,too,areabletorecognizefamiliarhumanvoicesbasedontheirrelationshipwiththespeaker.Overthecourseofaboutsixmonths,theresearchersplayedthegorillasaudiorecordingsofthreegroups:long-termkeeperswhoknewandworkedwiththegorillasforatleastfouryearsandhadpositiverelationshipswiththem;peoplewhothegorillasknewandhadnegativeinteractionswith,includingvetsandtheserviceworkers;andpeoplewhowereunfamiliartotheanimals.Alltheparticipantssaidthesamephrase,“Goodmorning.Hello,”whichishowkeeperstypicallygreetthegorillas.Thegorillashadtheleastreactionstothevoicesoftheirkeepers.However,whentheyheardthevoicesofpeopletheydidn’tknoworwithwhomthey’dhadnegativeexperiences,thegorillasrespondedwithsignsofvigilance.Theystoppedeatingtheirtreatsorwhateverelsetheyweredoingandstartedlookingtowardthesoundtojudgewhetherthevoiceswereathreat.“It’ssomethingwedotoo,”saidSalmi,“Ifit’snotathreateningsound,Ikeepdoingmyownbusiness.IfIhearthatthereissomeoneinmyhouse,IimmediatelystopwhatI’mdoingtohearwhat’sgoingon.”Ifwildgorillasareabletodistinguishbyvoiceandhavedifferentreactionstohumans,accordingtowhethertheyarehuntersorresearchers,itwouldbeextremelyhelpful.“Theyknowwhensomethingiswrongandcantrytohideorescapedanger,”Salmisaid.“Itwouldhelpmesleepbettertoknowthatresearchersaren’tmakingthegorillasbecomeeasiertargetstohunters.”7.Whydoestheauthormentiondogsandcatsinparahgraph1?A.Topraisehowcleverdogsandcatscanbe.B.Toraiseaquestionfortheupcomingresearch.C.Toshowtheclosebondbetweenhomeanimalsandhumans.D.Toimplythedifferencebetweendomesticandwildanimals.8.Inthestudy,thegorillasdon’treactmuchtotheirkeepers’greetingbecauseA.theydon’tgetalongwell B.theyfeelboredwiththeirkeepersC.theyhavegotusedtotheirvoices D.theyareunfamiliarwiththeirkeepers9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vigilance”inparagraph4mean?A.Anger. B.Anxiety. C.Caution. D.Disappointment.10.Whatdoestheresultofthestudyshow?A.Furtherresearchongorillasareneeded.B.Gorillascanbetaughttodistinguishhumanvoices.C.Wildgorillashavetheabilitytoprotectthemselves.D.Researcherscanstophuntersfromdoingharmtogorillas.【答案】7.B8.C9.C10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项关于大猩猩的新研究。该研究表明，大猩猩也具有像狗和猫等家养动物一样识别熟悉声音的能力，但是不同于家养动物的是，大猩猩听到熟悉的声音时，却几乎没有任何反应，而听到陌生的声音时表现得很警惕。文章表明，如果大猩猩能够对声音做出不同反应，这将对它们是有益的。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Avarietyofdomesticanimalscandistinguishbetweentheirowner’svoiceandthevoicesofothers,andcanevendetectchangesintone.Butwhetherwildanimalscanrecognizeindividualhumansisabitunclear.(各种各样的家畜都能分辨出它们主人的声音和其他人的声音，甚至能察觉到音调的变化。不过，野生动物是否能识别出人类个体的声音还有点不清楚。)”以及第二段的“AnewstudyledbyRobertaSalmiisthefirsttoshowthatwildgorillas,too,areabletorecognizefamiliarhumanvoicesbasedontheirrelationshipwiththespeaker.(由RobertaSalmi领导的一项新研究首次表明，野生大猩猩也能够根据与说话者的关系来识别熟悉的人类声音。)”可知，狗和猫这些家养的动物是可以区分主人和其他人的声音，能感知音调的变化，但是野生动物是否具有这样的能力还不清楚，因此在第一段提到狗和猫是为了接下来关于大猩猩的研究提出了疑问，即大猩猩作为野生动物是否具备这些能力。故选B项。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段““It’ssomethingwedotoo,”saidSalmi,“Ifit’snotathreateningsound,Ikeepdoingmyownbusiness.IfIhearthatthereissomeoneinmyhouse,IimmediatelystopwhatI’mdoingtohearwhat’sgoingon.”(“这是我们也做的事情，”Salmi说，“如果这不是一个威胁的声音，我会继续做我自己的事。如果我听到有人在我家，我会立即停止正在做的事情，听听正在发生什么。”)”可知，大猩猩跟饲养员朝夕相处，对于饲养员的声音自然很熟悉，故饲养员的声音对它们来说是安全的声音，不会给它们造成威胁，反而对于不熟悉的声音，它们才会有反应。因此，之所以大猩猩对听到的饲养员的声音几乎没有反应，那是因为它们太熟悉了。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段的最后一句“Theystoppedeatingtheirtreatsorwhateverelsetheyweredoingandstartedlookingtowardthesoundtojudgewhetherthevoiceswereathreat.(它们不再吃零食或做其他任何事情，而是开始看着这些声音，判断这些声音是否构成威胁。)”可知，大猩猩在听到不熟悉的声音或者跟它们产生过消极互动的声音时会变得很谨慎、很警觉，从而停下吃零食或者不再做任何事去判断这些声音是否会对它们构成威胁。因此此处vigilance意为“谨慎”。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifwildgorillasareabletodistinguishbyvoiceandhavedifferentreactionstohumans,accordingtowhethertheyarehuntersorresearchers,itwouldbeextremelyhelpful.“Theyknowwhensomethingiswrongandcantrytohideorescapedanger,”Salmisaid.“Itwouldhelpmesleepbettertoknowthatresearchersaren’tmakingthegorillasbecomeeasiertargetstohunters.”(如果野生大猩猩能够通过声音进行区分，并根据所听到的声音是来自猎人还是研究人员而做出不同的反应，这将是非常有益的。“他们知道什么时候出了问题，可以试图隐藏或逃离危险，”Salmi说。“知道研究人员并没有让大猩猩更容易成为猎人的目标，会让我睡得更香。”)”可知，对大猩猩需要做更进一步的研究才能知道它们是否能够通过声音去识别并做出不同的反应，这将对它们躲避危险是很有帮助的。因此需要做进一步的研究。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyouinterestedinattractinggoodluckandexperiencingmoresuccessinyourlife?Inthisarticle,we’llshowyouhowtousepositivethinkingtocreateyouropportunitiesandattractgoodfortune.Defineluckforyourself.Yourdesiresserveastherootsof“luck”.Onepersonmightfeelmostluckyinpassinganexamwhileanotherpersoninscoringherfirsthole.____11____Ifyoufeelunlucky,maybeitisbecauseyouhavenotidentifiedwhatyouwanttobedoing.Bebold.The“unlucky”areoftenexpertsinmakingthemselvescomfortableandsafe,butachievelittle.____12____Ittakescouragetoacceptfailureasashort-livedmisfortune.Insteadofwastingtimeavoidingtoughsituations,theywouldcomeupwithreasonstoact.Seechallengesasopportunitiestosucceed.You’vejustbeenofferedanexcitingbutstrikinglynewresponsibilityatwork?Takeitwithpassion.You’vebeenaskedtospeakinfrontofahugecrowdofpeople?Writeagreatspeech.____13________14____Unluckypeopleowelucktoaccident,applyingitasachancetomakeexcuses.Luckypeople,however,builditintomoregoodfortune.Theonlydifferencebetweentheluckyandtheunlucky,asreported,wasthattheformerkeptaneyeoutforluck,andtheunlucky—giventheexactsameadvantage—missedit.Workhard.Sowtheseedsofluckwithlabor.Ifyou’reworkingtwiceashardatwork,yourworkwillbetwiceasgood,andyou’lltendtofeeltwiceasluckyforhavingitdone.____15____Forexample,don’tworryabouteverythingyou’vegottodofortherestoftheweekonMondayandjustthinkaboutthismoment.A.Takeadvantageofgoodfortune.B.Don’tmakeexcusestodealwithbadluck.C.Feelingluckyistorecognizeyourdeepdesires.D.Theyarenotbraveenoughtoconcentrateonregularactions.E.Treatterrifyingmomentsaschances,notashopelessdifficulties.F.Trytofocusondoingonethingatatimeanddoingitextremelywell.G.Butpeoplewhofeelluckyputthemselvesinsituationswheretheymayfail.【答案】11.C12.G13.E14.A15.F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章向读者展示如何用积极的思维来创造机会，吸引好运，最终获取更多的成功。【11题详解】上文“Yourdesiresserveastherootsof‘luck’.Onepersonmightfeelmostluckyinpassinganexamwhileanotherpersoninscoringherfirsthole.(你的愿望是‘运气’的根源。一个人可能觉得通过考试是最幸运的，而另一个人可能是在高尔夫球的第一洞得分时觉得自己最幸运)”可知，能达成自己内心的愿望的时候，就觉得自己是幸运的，与C项“Feelingluckyistorecognizeyourdeepdesires.(感觉幸运就是认识到自己内心深处的渴望。)”语意相同，且desire为复现词；而下文“Ifyoufeelunlucky,maybeitisbecauseyouhavenotidentifiedwhatyouwanttobedoing.(如果你感到不幸运，也许是因为你还没有确定你想要做什么。)”中whatyouwanttobedoing意同上文的desire，下文解释了人们自觉运气不佳时，是因为自己还没确定自己的愿望，可见C项与下文为对比关系，C项符合语境。故选C项。【12题详解】本段的主题句为“Bebold.(大胆一点)”，上文“The‘unlucky’areoftenexpertsinmakingthemselvescomfortableandsafe,butachievelittle.(“不幸的人”往往是使自己舒适和安全的专家，但却收效甚微)”可知，“不幸的人”一直在舒适区内，所以成就很少，而G项“Butpeoplewhofeelluckyputthemselvesinsituationswheretheymayfail.(但那些感到幸运的人却把自己置于可能失败的境地。)”可知，G项与上文为转折关系，那些觉得幸运的人大胆的走出舒适区，即使会遭遇失败也不怕，下文“Ittakescouragetoacceptfailureasashort-livedmisfortune.Insteadofwastingtimeavoidingtoughsituations,theywouldcomeupwithreasonstoact.(接受失败是短暂的不幸，是需要勇气的。他们会想出行动的理由，而不是浪费时间来避免困难的情况。)”，下文中提及“failure”，为复现词，G项在此处起了承上启下的作用，故选G项。【13题详解】本段的主题句为“Seechallengesasopportunitiestosucceed.(视挑战为成功的机会。)”，opportunities为关键词；上文“You’vejustbeenofferedanexcitingbutstrikinglynewresponsibilityatwork?Takeitwithpassion.You’vebeenaskedtospeakinfrontofahugecrowdofpeople?Writeagreatspeech.(你刚刚在工作中被赋予了一项令人兴奋但又引人注目的新职责？充满激情地接受它。你被要求在一大群人面前讲话？写一篇精彩的演讲稿。)”可知，此处以“被赋予新职责”和“在公开场合演讲”为例，诠释本段主题句中的challenges；E项“Treatterrifyingmomentsaschances,notashopelessdifficulties.(把可怕的时刻当作机会，而不是毫无希望的困难。)”可知，当你接受那些“挑战（challenges）”的时候，会觉得那就是“可怕的时刻（terrifyingmoments）”，但是应把它们是为“机会（chances）”，chances与主题句的opportunities同义，E项顺接上文，呼应了主题句，E项符合语境。故选E项。14题详解】此处考查本段主题句。根据下文“Unluckypeopleowelucktoaccident,applyingitasachancetomakeexcuses.Luckypeople,however,builditintomoregoodfortune.Theonlydifferencebetweentheluckyandtheunlucky,asreported,wasthattheformerkeptaneyeoutforluck,andtheunlucky—giventheexactsameadvantage—missedit.(倒霉的人把运气归功于意外，把意外当作找借口的机会。然而，幸运的人会把它变成更多的好运。据报道，幸运的人和不幸的人之间唯一的区别是，前者会留意运气，而不幸的人——即使拥有完全相同的优势——却错过了运气。)”可知，此处指出了两类人对于运气的态度，倒霉的人会错过运气，幸运的人留意运气，并把它变成“goodfortune”，而A项“Takeadvantageofgoodfortune.(把握好运气。)”，goodfortune为复现词，A项作主题句，符合语境。故选A项。【15题详解】本段主题句为“Workhard.(努力工作)”，下文“Forexample,don’tworryabouteverythingyou’vegottodofortherestoftheweekonMondayandjustthinkaboutthismoment.(例如，不要在周一就担心这周剩下时间你要做的所有事情，只考虑这一刻。)”可知，此处为举例说明如何工作，不管本周有多少活，只专注手头正在做的工作；F项“Trytofocusondoingonethingatatimeanddoingitextremelywell.(试着一次专注做一件事，并且把它做得非常好。)”可知，下文顺接F项，F项符合语境。故选F项。第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afewweeksago,IcalledanUbertotakemetotheBostonairportforaflighthomefortheholidays.AsIslidintotheback____16____ofthecar,thewarmintonations(语调)ofthedriver’saccentwashedovermeina____17____way.ThenI____18____thathewasarecentWestAfricanimmigrantwithafewyoungchildrento____19____.AsthedaughteroftwoEthiopianimmigrantswhomadeintenseeffortto____20____mysuccess,Ifeelnaturallyclosetohim.ItoldhimIwasonacollege____21____andheadedhometovisitmyparents.That’showhefoundoutIwenttoHarvard.His____22____eyesglintedatmeintherearviewwindow,andquicklywecrossedtheboundaries(边界)ofrideranddriver,Iseeminglybecominghis____23____.Andthencamethefatefulquestion:“____24____doyoustudy?”Ianswered“historyandliterature”andtheprideinhisvoice_____25_____,asIknewitmight.Ididn’tevengettoadd“andAfrican-Americanstudies”beforehecutin,withavoicethickwith_____26_____,“AllthatworktogetintoHarvard,andyoustudyhistory?”Inhisview,Iknew,Iwas_____27_____thebiggestopportunityofmylife.Hewentontodelivertheage-old_____28_____thatallimmigrantkidsknow.Wearesupposedtobecomedoctorsorlawyerstomakemoneyandsendmoneybackhome.Containedinhisplainwords,theunspokenlesson,taughtacross_____29_____,issimple:Fulfillyourroleinthestoryof_____30_____mobilityalongthesocialladdersoyourchildrencandothesame.Iusedtofeel_____31_____andbackedintoacornerbythequestioning,_____32_____nowasajuniorincollege,I’mgratefulfortheirsupportmorethananything.Thisholidayseason,I’vepromisedmyselfIwon’tgetannoyedattheir_____33_____.AndIwon’tdefensivelyrespondwith“butIplantogotolawschool!”WhenIgetunrequested_____34_____.I’lljustsmileandnod,andenjoythe_____35_____oftheoccasion.16.A.seat B.trunk C.corner D.part17.A.unique B.familiar C.strange D.fresh18.A.understood B.guessed C.recalled D.learned19.A.careabout B.worryabout C.bringup D.relyon20.A.ensure B.involve C.prove D.expect21.A.project B.test C.break D.trip22.A.approving B.puzzled C.determined D.doubtful23.A.passenger B.daughter C.fan D.hero24.A.Where B.How C.When D.What25.A.rose B.faded C.appeared D.remained26.A.disappointment B.excitement C.embarrassment D.amusement27.A.taking B.creating C.wasting D.offering28.A.promise B.conversation C.lecture D.order29.A.countries B.peers C.communities D.generations30.A.upward B.downward C.backward D.outward31.A.curious B.anxious C.pessimistic D.surprised32.A.and B.so C.or D.but33A.answers B.questions C.discussion D.support34.A.news B.favor C.demand D.advice35.A.silence B.relief C.warmth D.luck【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.C20.A21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.A27.C28.C29.D30.A31.B32.D33.B34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在坐车时，遇到了同样从非洲移民来的司机。在司机得知作者在哈佛学的是历史和文学专业后，感到失望，开始对作者进行老生常谈的告诫。对此，作者习以为常，只是点头微笑，享受其中的温暖。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我坐进汽车后座时，司机温暖的口音让我有种熟悉的感觉。A.seat座位；B.trunk树干；C.corner角落；D.part部分。根据后文“ofthecar”指汽车后座应用seat。故选A。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我坐进汽车后座时，司机温暖的口音让我有种熟悉的感觉。A.unique独特的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.strange奇怪的；D.fresh新鲜的。根据后文可知作者和司机都是来自非洲，所以是口音带给作者熟悉的感觉。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我才获知，他是最近从西非移民过来的，有几个年幼的孩子要抚养。A.understood理解；B.guessed猜测；C.recalled回想起；D.learned了解，获知。根据后文“thathewasarecentWestAfricanimmigrantwithafewyoungchildrento”指作者获知了司机的情况。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来我才获知，他是最近从西非移民过来的，有几个年幼的孩子要抚养。A.careabout关心；B.worryabout担心；C.bringup抚养；D.relyon依赖。根据上文“thathewasarecentWestAfricanimmigrantwithafewyoungchildrento”指司机有年幼的孩子要抚养，故选C。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为两个埃塞俄比亚移民的女儿，他们为我的成功付出了巨大的努力，我自然感到和他很亲近。A.ensure确保；B.involve涉及；C.prove证明；D.expect期待。根据后文“mysuccess”可知，作者的父母为确保作者的成功付出了巨大努力。故选A。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他我正大学休假，回家看望父母。A.project项目；B.test测试；C.break休息；D.trip旅行。根据后文“andheadedhometovisitmyparents”可知，作者能回家看望父母因为大学休假。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他赞许的目光从后视窗向我闪过，很快我们就跨越了乘客和司机的界限，我似乎成了他的女儿。A.approving赞许的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.determined坚定的；D.doubtful怀疑的。根据上文“That’showhefoundoutIwenttoHarvard.”可知司机得知作者在上哈佛大学，投来赞许的目光。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他赞许的目光从后视窗向我闪过，很快我们就跨越了乘客和司机的界限，我似乎成了他的女儿。A.passenger乘客；B.daughter女儿；C.fan爱好者；D.hero英雄。根据上文“quicklywecrossedtheboundariesofrideranddriver,Iseeminglybecominghis”可知，作者和司机跨越了乘客和司机的界限，似乎成了他的女儿。故选B。【24题详解】考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：接下来是一个决定性的问题：“你学什么的？”A.Where在哪里；B.How如何；C.When何时；D.What什么。指作者学习的专业是什么，应用疑问词what。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他声音里的骄傲褪去了，正如我知道的那样。A.rose上升；B.faded褪色；C.appeared出现；D.remained保持。根据后文“AllthatworktogetintoHarvard,andyoustudyhistory?”可知司机听到作者的回答后，声音里的骄傲褪去了，故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还没来得及补充“和非裔美国人研究”，他就插话了进来，声音里充满了失望，“为了进哈佛做了那么多功课，你却学历史？”A.disappointment失望；B.excitement激动；C.embarrassment尴尬；D.amusement乐趣。根据后文“AllthatworktogetintoHarvard,andyoustudyhistory?”可知司机对于作者的专业感到失望。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道，在他看来，我正在浪费我生命中最大的机会。A.taking带走；B.creating创造；C.wasting浪费；D.offering提供。根据上文“AllthatworktogetintoHarvard,andyoustudyhistory?”可知司机不赞成作者的专业，在他看来，作者正在浪费生命中最大的机会。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他接着发表了所有移民孩子都知道的老掉牙的演讲。A.promise承诺；B.conversation对话；C.lecture演讲；D.order命令。根据上文“delivertheage-old”指司机开始老生常谈，故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他直白的话语中，有一条代代相传的不言而喻的道理：在向上流社会流动的故事中扮演好你的角色，这样你的孩子也可以这样做。A.countries国家；B.peers同龄人；C.communities社区；D.generations代。根据后文“mobilityalongthesocialladdersoyourchildrencandothesame”可知这个道理是代代相传的。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他直白的话语中，有一条代代相传的不言而喻的道理：在向上流社会流动的故事中扮演好你的角色，这样你的孩子也可以这样做。A.upward向上的；B.downward向下的；C.backward向后的；D.outward向外的。根据后文“mobilityalongthesocialladder”可知是向上流社会流动。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我曾经感到焦虑，被质疑逼到墙角，但现在作为一个大三的学生，我更感谢他们的支持。A.curious好奇的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.pessimistic悲观的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据后文“andbackedintoacornerbythequestioning”可知作者曾经因为这些质疑感到焦虑。故选B。【32题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我曾经感到焦虑，被质疑逼到墙角，但现在作为一个大三的学生，我更感谢他们的支持。A.and并且；B.so所以；C.or或者；D.but但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个假期，我向自己保证，我不会因为他们的问题而生气。A.answers回答；B.questions问题；C.discussion讨论；D.support支持。呼应上文“backedintoacornerbythequestioning”指因为他人的问题生气。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我得到不需要的建议时，我只会微笑和点头，享受这种场合的温暖。A.news新闻；B.favor帮助；C.demand要求；D.advice建议。根据上文“WhenIgetunrequested”指作者得到不需要的建议。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我得到不需要的建议时，我只会微笑和点头，享受这种场合的温暖。A.silence沉默；B.relief安慰；C.warmth温暖；D.luck运气。根据上文“I’lljustsmileandnod,andenjoythe”可知，面对质疑，作者现在学会了微笑和点头，享受这种场合的温暖。故选C。第Ⅱ卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenJaneAustenwrotehernovelsinEngland,shewaswritingaboutaworldmostofuswouldn’trecognize.ButtodayAusten’sbooksareingreaterdemandthanever.Inthelast10years,fiveofhersixnovels____36____(make)intoHollywoodfilms,whileherbookscontinuetobe____37____(best-seller).RichardJenkyns,____38____universityprofessorofEnglishatOxtord,arguesthathernovelsstillappeal____39____peoplebecausetheyfocusonissuesthatareasrelevanttodayastheywerewhenshewrote____40____.Hernovelsareaboutwomen____41____(try)tofindaperfecthusband,butalsoexploreissuessurroundingmarriage,friendshipsandthefamily.Thestoriesarefairlytimelessabouthumaninteraction____42____weareallfamiliarwith.The____43____(famous)bookAustenwroteisPrideandPrejudice,alovestoryaboutElizabethBennettandMr.Darcy.Theygraduallyfallinlovewitheachother,____44____stillhavetoovercometheoppositionfromthefamily.AllofAusten’sbooks,_____45_____(accept)widelyallovertheworld,workondifferentlevelssopeoplecantakewhattheyneedfromthem,makingthempopularwithbothchildrenandadults.【答案】36.havebeenmade37.best-sellers38.a39.to40.them41.trying42.which##that43.mostfamous44.but45.accepted【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了英国小说家简·奥斯汀的6部小说中有5部被拍成了好莱坞电影，奥斯汀的所有作品都在世界各地广泛流传，不同层次的作品使人们可以从书中获得他们需要的东西，这使它们受到儿童和成人的欢迎。【36题详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的10年里，她的6部小说中有5部被拍成了好莱坞电影，而她的书仍然是畅销书。Inthelast10years是现在完成时的标志词，用现在完成时，小说和拍摄是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动，故填havebeenmade。【37题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在过去的10年里，她的6部小说中有5部被拍成了好莱坞电影，而她的书仍然是畅销书。根据books可知，用名词复数形式表示书籍是畅销书。故填best-sellers。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：牛津大学(oxford)的英语教授理查德·詹金斯(Richardjenkins)认为，她的小说仍然吸引着人们，因为它们所关注的问题与她写作时一样，在今天依然相关。一个大学教授，单数可数名词前用不定冠词。故填a。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：牛津大学(oxford)的英语教授理查德·詹金斯(Richardjenkins)认为，她的小说仍然吸引着人们，因为它们所关注的问题与她写作时一样，在今天依然相关。appealto是固定短语，表示“吸引”，故填to。【40题详解】考查代词。句意：牛津大学(oxford)的英语教授理查德·詹金斯(Richardjenkins)认为，她的小说仍然吸引着人们，因为它们所关注的问题与她写作它们时一样，在今天依然相关。代词指代前面的hernovels，用代词复数。故填them。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的小说讲述的是女性试图寻找一个完美的丈夫，但也探讨了有关婚姻、友谊和家庭的问题。are是谓语动词，试图是非谓语动词，女性和试图是主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填trying。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些关于人类互动的故事是永恒的，我们都很熟悉。先行词是interaction，在定语从句中作宾语，指物，用which或that。故填which或that。【43题详解】考查最高级。句意：奥斯汀写的最著名的书是《傲慢与偏见》，这是一个关于伊丽莎白·班尼特和达西先生的爱情故事。the后用形容词最高级。故填mostfamous。【44题详解】考查连词。句意：他们渐渐爱上了对方，但是还得克服来自家人的反对。前后是转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：奥斯汀的所有作品都在世界各地广泛流传，不同层次的作品使人们可以从书中获得他们需要的东西，这使它们受到儿童和成人的欢迎。书籍和接收是被动关系，用过去分词做后置定语，故填accepted。第三部分基础知识（共三节，满分30分）第一节单词拼写（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）根据中文提示用一个单词填入下列句子，使句意完整。46.