(英语)高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate(天生的)preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.

Researchersshowedtoddlers(aged21to31months)ascenewheretwopuppets(木偶)approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.

However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,"Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow."Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.

Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour-year-oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.（1）Whatdowetendtodoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Seekchallengesallthetime.B.Admirehigh-rankingpeople.C.Takeadvantageofhighstatus.D.Hurtotherswithoffensivewords.（2）Whydidtoddlerspreferthepuppetallowedtopass?A.Itlookedadorable.B.Itbehavedsmartly.C.Itseemedpolite.D.Itwasrespected.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelatterstudy?A.Slowerpeoplearebetterlovedbytoddlers.B.Peoplenaturallydislikeunkindbehavior.C.Toddlerscarelittleabouthighsocialstatus.D.Beinghelpfulcontributestobeingsupported.（4）Whatshouldwedowhenweencouragechildrentowin?A.Instructthemtouseproperandcreativeways.B.Advisethemtobeashardworkingaspossible.C.Remindthemtobeconsideratetootherpeople.D.Tellthemtotrytocooperatewithsomeoneelse.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更倾向于喜欢和尊敬地位高而又无害于他人的人，这似乎是一种天性，即使是蹒跚学步的孩子也是如此。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.”可知，我们更倾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子喜欢那个被允许通过的木偶，是因为这种行为代表着受人尊敬，孩子们更喜欢受尊敬的人。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.和Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.”可知，孩子们会走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人类与生俱来的偏好。由此可推断出，人们天生不喜欢不友善的行为。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.”可知，孩子欣赏那些在做好事的同时表现出色的人。由此可推断出，我们鼓励孩子去赢的同时，提醒他们要体谅他人。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact,black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:blackboard.

Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew"greenboards"madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword"chalkboard"asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but"blackboard"stillstuckaround.（1）Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?A.

Blackboard.

B.

Chalkboard.

C.

Greenboard.

D.

Miniboard.（2）Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?A.

Tomakeacomparison.B.

Tomakeenoughspace.C.

Todrawstudents'attention.D.

Toarousestudents'interest.（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe"greenboard"?A.

They'relighterinweight.B.

They'remoreconvenienttotransport.C.

They'reeasiertoerasethepowder.D.

They'remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Introductionoftheblackboard.B.

Originoftheblackboard.C.

Coloroftheblackboard.D.

Functionoftheblackboard.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的，随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的？"这个问题。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的，"...late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood..."可知，18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.”在1800年，一名英格兰校长JamesPillans想让他的学生们画地图，但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图，因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。可知，校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Thenewmaterialwaslighterand...morelikelytosurvivetheJourney."可知A项和B项正确；以及"Afterall,...madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase."可知C项正确；D项文章未提及。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心：我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的，为什么叫黑板？通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whydoestimeseemtoflybyfasteraswegetold?You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame.Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神经元).Newresearchsuggests'rapidfire'abilitiesoftheyoungbrainallowustoprocessmoreinformationduringyouth,causingthedaystoseemlongerearlierinlife.However,aswegetold,researcherssaytheolderbraintakesmoretimetoprocessinformation.

ThenewfindingputforwardbyaDukeUniversityresearcherwaspublishedinapaperinthejournalEuropeanReviewthisweekAccordingtoAdrianBejan,theJ.AJonesProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringatDuke,thephysicalchangesofournervesandneuronsplay,amajorroleinourperception(知觉)oftimeaswegetold.Overtheyearsthesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade.

"Littlebabies,forexample,movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthanadultsbecausethey'reprocessingimagesatafasterrate,"Beiansays,Forolderpeople,thismeansfewerimagesarebeingprocessedinthesameamountoftime,causingexperiencestoseemasthoughthey'rehappeningmorequickly.（1）Whatcausestimetoflyfasteraswegetold?A.

Changesofournervesandneurons.B.

Informationinourbrain.C.

Theelectricalsignals.D.

Rapidfireabilities.（2）Whatisunavoidableintheprocessofgettingold?A.

Longerdays.

B.

Agingbrains.

C.

Moreimages.

D.

Lessexperience.（3）Whydothedaysseemlongerearlierinlife?A.

Youngpeoplearemoreenergeticintheirlife.B.

Theyoungerbraintakeslesstimetoprocessinformation.C.

Oldpeoplehavefewerthingstodothanyoungpeople.D.

Littlebabiesmovetheireyesmuchmoreoften.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

NervesandNeuronsB.

TimeFliesFastC.

TheOlder,theFasterD.

TheFunctionoftheBrain【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么老年人会觉得时间过得较快，主要原因是随着年龄的增长，大脑中神经元的变化让老年人的大脑需要更多的时间来处理接收到的信息，这样就会让他们觉得时间过得较快。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神经元)."可知，老年人觉得时间过得过快的原因是神经和神经元的变化。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame."和第二段中的"Overtheyears,thesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade."可知，随着年龄的增长，不可避免的就是大脑结构的老化。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的最后两句可知，年轻时之所以觉得日子似乎更长是因为大脑能够以“快速射击”的方式处理更多信息。当我们变老的时候，大脑需要更多的时间来处理信息。所以说，相较于老年人，年轻人的大脑花费更少的时间来处理信息。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章首句点明了文章谈论中心：为什么随着我们变老，我们会觉得时间过得更快？后面文章主要解释了原因：老年人因为大脑退化，神经元的变化导致他们觉得时间过得较快。C项正好与主旨句呼应，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(减法).

Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.

RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical(数字的)operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”

Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition(认知)maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.

“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.

Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.

Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(灵长目动物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.（1）WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?A.

Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.B.

Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.C.

Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.D.

Beescandobasicmathematics.（2）AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition________.A.

requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessingB.

hasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAIC.

onlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemoryD.

callsforalotofmathsknowledge（3）Whatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?A.

Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.B.

Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.C.

Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.D.

Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBeesB.

NewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintionC.

NumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessingD.

TheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。发表在《科学进展》(ScienceAdvances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(减法).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。”可知，RMIT大学的

研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，AdrianDyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(灵长目动物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。发表在《科学进展》(ScienceAdvances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。”故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.

Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.

Forthefirsttesttheyrecruited100pairsofparticipantsfromalocalcafe,noneofwhomkneweachother.Theparticipantswereseatedatatableandfedtortillachipswithsalsa.Halfthepairsweregiventheirownbasketof20gramsofchipsandabowlof25gramsofsalsa,andhalfweregiven40gramsofchipsand50gramsofsalsatoshare.Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.

Thegameaskedtheparticipantstonegotiateanhourlywagerateduringafictionalstrike.Eachpersonwasrandomlyassignedtorepresenttheunionormanagementandfollowasetofrules.

Theresearchersmeasuredcooperationbynotingthenumberofroundsittooktoreachanagreement,andfoundthatthosewhosharedfoodresolvedthestrikesignificantlyfaster（in8.7rounds）thanthosewhodidnot（13.2rounds）.Asimilarexperimentwasconductedwith104participantsandGoldfishcrackers（饼干）,thistimenegotiatinganairline'srouteprices.Theresultsweremuchthesame,withthefood-sharersnegotiatingsuccessfully63.3%ofthetimeandthosewhodidnotsharedoingso42.9%ofthetime.（1）Whatdoesthe"family-style"mealinthereportreferto？A.

Amealtakenathome.

B.

Amealsharedwithothers.C.

Amealconsumedbyoneself.

D.

Amealtakeninafamilyatmosphere.（2）Forwhatpurposedidtheresearcherscarryoutthepresentexperiments?A.

Toshowthewayfoodisserved.B.

Toprovesharingfoodincreasescompetition.C.

Toconfirmsharingfoodcanpromotecooperation.D.

Tofindoutwhethersharingfoodcangetpeoplecloseemotionally.（3）Whywereparticipantsaskedtoeatupthesnackbeforethegame?A.

Toaddtotheirenergy.

B.

Torewardthemfortheirparticipation.C.

Tohidetheintentionoftheexperiment.

D.

Toavoidthedistractionduringthegame.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学

，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.”

然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实验。可知选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。可知选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(转型).

Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.（1）Somerichcountriesaretryingto

.A.

dematerializemoneyB.

getridoftheside-effectsofcashC.

maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspeciesD.

promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins（2）Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow

.A.

thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesB.

thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworldC.

digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestoppedD.

Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment（3）Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause

.A.

youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallivesB.

suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddataC.

theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarketsD.

financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers（4）Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis

.A.

favorable

B.

negative

C.

objective

D.

indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，富裕国家正在减少现金支付,现金正在因为需求等原因消失。总的来说,无现金经济的未来是个好消息,但是对于电子支付人们也有一些担忧。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕国家正竞相将支付非物质化；再根据第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。结合上下文,可知某些富裕国家比如瑞典正在减少现金支付,推广不用纸币或硬币的支付方式,也就是电子支付方式。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％；再根据“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中国,数字支付从2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中国的共同点是现金支付减少,电子支付比例上升,由此可推断作者提到瑞典和中国是为了说明数字支付正成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知现金消失的一个重要原因就是诸如银行和科技公司（在发达市场）和电信公司（在新兴市场）之类的供应商正在开发快速,易于使用的支付技术,他们可以从中提取数据和小费。运行现金经济背后的基础架构需要付出高昂的成本,这些基础设施包括自动取款机,载有纸币的货车,接受硬币的出纳员。大多数金融公司都渴望放弃它,或者以高昂的费用劝阻老式客户。也就是供应商为了减少成本,获取数据和小费,开发了更便捷的支付方式,导致现金支付的减少。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，,作者提到无现金支付即电子支付的好处,也提到电子支付引起的担忧,对待电子支付是客观的,故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.

Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously."Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,"recalls(回忆)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.

Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.

Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(盐度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.

Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.

Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN'sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.

"Theoceanisnotourworld,"commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"desensitised"inParagraph2mean?A.

Stubborn.

B.

Flexible.

C.

Dull.

D.

Friendly.（2）What'sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A.

Tolowerthespeedofships.

B.

Toreducethenumberofships.C.

Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.

D.

Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Disapproving.

C.

Positive.

D.

Uncaring.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Agreatexpert.

B.

Noiseinthesea.C.

Animalsinthesea.

D.

Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously“可知，鲸鱼被靠近的船只碰撞，因为它们可能是对船只所产生的噪音比较“迟钝”。故可知划线部分单词意思为“迟钝的”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的”It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.“也有可能将船只减速到每小时18公里或更少，这样就不太可能严重伤害鲸鱼。可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一种解决办法。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.“由于他的工作，我们可以更好地了解海底声音污染的影响。可知，作者对MichelAndre所做的工作十分认可。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Throughoutourdailylives,wehaveknownplentyofpeopleandwillknowmore.Buthowcanwetellifsomeoneistrustworthy?InapaperpublishedrecentlyintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,researchergaveustheanswer.

Theresearchersasked401adultsfromtheUnitedStatestofilloutaquestionnairemeasuringtheirguilt-proneness(内疚倾向)indifferentsituationsaswellasseveralotherqualities,andthenplayashortonlinegame.Inthisgame,Player1isgiven$1,whichtheycanchoosetogivetoPlayer2.AnymoneygiventoPlayer2isthenautomaticallyincreasedto$2.50.Player2canthendecidewhethertokeepallofthemoneyorbehaveinatrustworthywaybyreturningaportionofthemoneytoPlayer1.Theresearchersfoundmoreguilt-pronepeopleweremorelikelytosharethemoneywithPlayer1.Actually,in