人教版（2024）八年级上册英语Unit 1 语法（复合不定代词和一般过去时等）精讲精练（含答案）

第1页共24页人教版(2024)八年级上册英语Unit1语法(复合不定代词和一般过去时等)精讲精练【语法聚焦一】复合不定代词一、概念：是由some-,any-,every-,no-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词。这些复合不定代词具有名词性质，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但不能作定语。1、指代对象不同；(1)含-one和-body的复合不定代词只用来指人，在意义上完全相同，可以互换。Someone/Somebodyiscrying.有人在哭。(2)含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。Areyougoingtobuyanything?你要去买东西吗?2、复合不定代词的数，复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，当它们充当句子的主语时。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。Iseveryoneheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?3、复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。4、辨析：含some-和any-的复合不定代词的用法区别；(1)something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中。第2页共24页(2)anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?你有话要说吗?(3)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句以及表示Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeverywhere意为到处，处处，强调多个地方，用于肯定句。nowhere意为不在任何地方；任何地方都不，和anywhere是反义词，意思相反。【实战演练】一、选词填空1.—Isheretoday?2.—Isthere3.Thereiswrongwithmyb第3页共24页5.Themathexamisverydifficult.Idon'tthink7.Does8.There'simportantin二、根据句意，从括号中选择合适的词填空。1.Thereare5.OurtriptoTaiwanwasperfect.6.Iamthirsty.Iwouldliketohave.Myphonewasonthedeskjustnow,butIcan'tfinditnow.Did(nobody/st【语法聚焦二】一般过去时概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语具备的能力和性格。基本句型结构：1、肯定句：主语+was/were/动词过去式+其他。Wewerepupilstwoyearsago.两年前我们是小学生。Theywatchedamovieyesterday.他们昨天看了一部电影。2、否定句：主语was/were+not其他；主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。第4页共24页Jimdidn'tgotoschoollastFriday.上星期五吉姆没有去上学。3、一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语十其他?Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Wereyouathomethismorning?今天上午你在家吗?用法：1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。MyuncleflewtoLondonlastweek.我叔叔上周坐飞机去了伦敦。Hewasherejustnow.他刚才还在这里。2、用来叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.当我们是小孩的时候，我们常常在一起玩。3、通过上下文语境可判断出动作是发生在过去的，也使用一般过去时。—Wheredidyougo?一你去哪里了?—Iwenttoschool.—我去学校了。【实战演练】1.Thechildren3.Tracy(wear)hermother9.I(buy)anewdictio第5页共24页二、完成句子2.Hefoundsomemeatinthekitchen.(变一般疑问句并回答) 4.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday.(一般疑问句) 5.Theywerelateforschoolyesterday.(一般疑问句并回答) 三、单项选择()10.—WhatdidMr.SmithdoA.worksB.workedC.isworkingD.wiA.livesB.livedC.isliving()12.—Who_tocleanthA.helpsB.helpedC.ishelpingD.willhelp()13.WhyyouA.didn't;comeB.don't:comeC.haven't;come()14.—Howwasyourweekend?—A.haveB.arehavingC.hadD.willA.did;doB.was;doingC.were;didD.did;did()10.TheforeignA.visitB.visitsC.visitedA.seeB.sees第6页共24页A.do;boughtB.did;boughtC.do;buyA.saidB.toldC.hadA.teachB.isteachingC.teachesA.did:comeB.had;comeC.do;comeD.have;come拓展：单元易错易混重点修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词肯定(有)否定(没有)few没有，几乎没有little没有，几乎没有【实战演练】2.Therearemanyeggsinthebasket4.Therearesomeapplesonthe6.-Youlooksad.Kate.-Yeah,Ihavema(others=other+名词)others还常用在some..oth第7页共24页⑤theothers=theother+名词：指“剩下的人(或物),其余的(或物)”常用词组：one...theother(两者中)一个.…另一个some…others一些……另一些anothertwodogs=twomoredogseachother=o【实战演练】2.Hehastwocars.Oneisblack,4.Therearemanystudentsontheplayground.Someareplayingbasketball,7.Thisisoneofthephotosofmysisters,now8.SomewenttotheGreatWall,表示“两者都”both..and..两者都.…(作主语时，谓语动词用复数)表示“两者中任意一个”either.or..要么..要么.(遵循就近原则)(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)表示“两者都不”(遵循就近原则)(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)表示“所有的都”“全部”(作主语时，谓语动词用复数)第8页共24页【实战演练】2.Ihavetriedseveraljackets,butofthemfitsmewell.5.In2022,BeijinghostedtheWinterOlympics.mybroth6.ofmyparentsgoestow7.Dumplingsareverydelicious.意义使用范围例句两者或两者以上可谓语)单数谓语)每个(强调整者以上不可【实战演练】2.Therearemanybirds【不定代词综合练习】A.NobodyB.AnybodyC.Somebody()2.—DoyoucareaboutyA.SomethingB.NothingC.AnythingD.Everything()3.Mycomputerdoesn'tworknow,A.wrongsomethingB.somethingwrongC.wronganythingD.anythingwrongA.anythingtoeatB.somethingtoeat()5.—Areyougoingoutnow,Lucy?—No,I'mhungry.I'A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingA.anywhere;somewhereB.everywhere;somewhereC.everywhere;anywhereD.somewhere;anA.any;afewB.some;a()8.—I'dlikegrapesandpeaA.some;afewA.littleB.alittleC.()10.wenthiA.SomeoneB.NooneC.()11.OldTomisunhappybecauseA.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody()12.—IsthereintheblackA.anything;nothingB.everything;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;somethingA.somewhererelaxedB.anywhererelaxedC.somewhererelaxingD.()14.—Wouldyoulike第9页共24页A.anythingtoeatB.somethingtoeatC.sometA.fewB.afA.few;afewB.don'tknow.IhaverA.No;nothingB.Not;noneC.Nothing;noneD.N()20.ThemanhastwoA.all;anotherB.both;theotherC.both;another()22.—Oh,theweatherissobad.It'sA.anotherB.othersC.theotherD()23.—WhohelpsyouwithyoA.NoneB.EitherC.BothD.Neither()24.—HaveyouboughtA.somethingunusualB.anythingC.unusualsomething第10页共24页第11页共24页 ?A.few;someB.few;anyC.little;someD.littleA.fewB.afewA.neitherB.eitherC.bothA.anybodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.nobodyA.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everythingA.someB.anyC.eitherA.allB.bothC.everyA.allB.everyA.allB.anyC.much()34.ChenBinhasreadlotsofstor A.some;anyB.other;otherC.other;someD.some;otheA.anotherB.theotherC.othersA.BothB.EveryC.EveryoneD.EachA.AllB.EitherC.NeitherA.lessB.littleC.fewer第12页共24页()41.Ihaven'tmoneywithme,butifyouwantIcangiveyouA.much;manyB.many;littleC.much;someD.any;much()42.Idon'tthinkoftheansweA.neitherB.eitherC.bothA.allB.theotherC.othersD.tA.BothB.EveryC.EveryoneD.EveryA.some;someB.some;anyC.any;anyany;anotherB.either;anotherC.both;theotherD.either;therA.anybodyB.someoneC.oneA.Both;bothB.Neither;neitherC.Either;eitherD.Both;neither第13页共24页人教版(2024)八年级上册英语Unit1语法(复合不定代词和一【语法聚焦一】复合不定代词一、概念：是由some-,any-,every-,no-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词。这些复合不定代词具有名词性质，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但不能作定语。1、指代对象不同；(1)含-one和-body的复合不定代词只用来指人，在意义上完全相同，可以互换。Someone/Somebodyiscrying.有人在哭。(2)含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。Areyougoingtobuyanything?你要去买东西吗?2、复合不定代词的数，复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，当它们充当句子的主语时。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。Iseveryoneheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?3、复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。4、辨析：含some-和any-的复合不定代词的用法区别；(1)something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中。Hefoundsomethingstrangebutinteresting.他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。第14页共24页(2)anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?你有话要说吗?(3)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句以及表示反问的问句中，也可用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你要吃些东西吗?时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。AnythingisOK.什么都行。拓展：辨析：somewhere,anywhere,evesomewhere意为某处、在某处，强调在一个地方。用于肯定句。anywhere意为在什么地方、任何地方，用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句中。在肯定句中表示“随便什everywhere意为到处，处处，强调多个地Ilookedformypetdogevery我到处找我的狗，但是哪里都没找到，我认为它肯定在这个村子的某个地方。【实战演练】一、选词填空11.—Isevery12.—Istherean第15页共24页18.There's20.Iwantsomethingtoeat,a二、根据句意，从括号中选择合适的词填空。2.Weboughtaboxofcherry.Takesome3.Hecan'tgiveyouany5.OurtriptoTaiwanwasperfect.Everything(nothing/everythin6.Iamthirsty.Iwouldliketohaveso7.Caneverybody(everybody/anybody)hearme?Asnake8.Hecandoanything(nothing/a9.Myphonewasonthedeskjustnow,butIcan'tfin/somebody)takeitaway?【语法聚焦二】一般过去时概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语具备的能力和性格。基本句型结构：1、肯定句：主语+was/were/动词过去式+其他。Wewerepupilstwoyearsago.两年前我们是小学生。Theywatchedamovieyesterday.他们昨天看了一部电影。2、否定句：主语was/were+not其他；主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。Jimdidn'tgotoschoollastFriday.上星期五吉姆没有去上学。第16页共24页3、一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语十其他?Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Wereyouathomethismorning?今天上午你在家吗?1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。MyuncleflewtoLondonlastweek.我叔叔上周坐飞机去了伦敦。2、用来叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。Iusedtogotoschoolonfoot.我过去常常步行去上学。3、通过上下文语境可判断出动作是发生在过去的，也使用一般过去时。—Wheredidyougo?—你去哪里了?—Iwenttoschool.—我去学校了。【实战演练】一、用括号内的词的适当形式填空11.Thechildren16.Bettybecame(become17.Davidput(put)onh18.Frankread(read)comicbooks20.—Whatday.was(be)ityesterday?—I第17页共24页t7.Hefoundsomemeatinthekitchen.(变一般疑问句并回答)Didnefindanymeatinthekitchen?—Yes.hedid/8.Therewassomeorangeinthecup.(变一般疑问句并回答) 9.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday.(一般疑问句) DidFrankreadaninterestingbookabouthistoryyesterday?10.Theywerelateforschoolyesterday.(一般疑问句并回答) Weretheylateforschoolyesterday?—Yes,theywere/No. theyweren't(B)1.—WhatdidMr.SA.worksB.workedC.isworkingD.willworkA.livesB.livedC.(B)3.—Whotocleantheclassroomyesterday?—A.helpsB.helpedC.ishelping(A)4.WhyA.didn't;comeB.don't;comeC.haven't;c(C)5.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!We_agoodtimeinA.haveB.arehavingC.hadB.did;doB.was;doingC.were;didA.visitB.visitsC.visited第18页共24页A.seeB.sees(D)9.—WhenyoutheumbrelA.do;boughtB.did;boughtC.do;buyD.did;buy(B)10.TheteacherhisstudeA.saidB.toldC.hadA.teachB.isteachingC.teaches(A)12.—Whenvourbrotherback?—Abouthalfanhourago.B.did;comeB.had;comeC.do;comeD.ha修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词肯定(有)否定(没有)few没有，几乎没有little没有，几乎没有【实战演练】1.Hehasfewfriendsher2.Therearemanyeggsinthebasket,you6.-Youlooksad.Kate.-①another泛指三者或三者以上当中的“另一个”。②other泛指“别的，其他的”,后面常加名词。(others=other+名词)others还常用在some..others“一些……另一些”结构中。第19页共24页④theother特指“剩下的，其余的”。⑤theothers=theother+名词：指“剩下的人(或物),其余的(或物)”常用词组：one...theother(两者中)一个.…另一个some…others一些……另一些anothertwodogs=twomoredogs【实战演练】1.Thedressistoosmall.Pleaseshowme4.Therearemanystudentsontheplayground.Someare5.Wealwayshelpeach6.Shehastwosons,oneisateacher8.SomewenttotheGreatWall,othersvisited10.Therearefourdic表示“两者都”both..and..两者都...(作主语时，谓语动词用复数)表示“两者中任意一个”(遵循就近原则)(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)表示“两者都不”(遵循就近原则)(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)第20页共24页表示“所有的都”“全部”(作主语时，谓语动词用复数)【实战演练】2.Ihavetriedseveraljackets,butnoneofthemfitsmewell.3.Neitherofthetwinswantstogotothepark,sotheyhavetosta4.Henrywashappybecauseallofhisthreesonscamebac7.Dumplingsareverydelicious.Bothofmyparentslikethem.6.不定代词each与every意义使用范围例句两者或两者以上可谓语)单数谓语)每个(强调整者以上不可【实战演练】2.Therearemanybirdsintheforest.Every3.Eachoftheroomsis【不定代词综合练习】A.NobodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.EverybodyB)2.—Doyoucareaboutyourparents?—Yes,ofcoursetA.SomethingB.NothingC.AnythingD(B)3.MycomputerdoesnA.wrongsomethingB.somethingwrongA.anythingtoeatB.somethingtoeatC.somethingtodr(A)5.—AreyougoiA.somethingB.anythingC.nothingA.anywhere;somewhereB.everywhere;somewhereC.everywhere;anywhereD.somewhere;anywhere(B)7.—WouldyoulikeA.any;afew(B)8.—I'dlikegrapesandpea(D)9.ThoughtA.little(B)10.wenthikinglastweekendbecauseofthebadweather.A.SomeoneB.NooneC.EveryoneD.NothingA.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody(A)12.—Isthereintheblackbox?第21页共24页第22页共24页A.anything;nothingB.everything;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;somethingA.somewhererelaxedB.anywhererelaxC.somewhererelaxingD.relaxinganywhereA.anythingtoeatB.somethingtoC.somethingtodrinkD.anythingtodriA.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingimportantD.importantanythingA.few;afewdon'tknow.IhaverA.alittle;afewB.little;aA.No;nothingB.Not;noneC.Nothing;noneA.all;anotherB.both;theotherC.both;anot—Yes,butthereareveryA.fewB.fewerC.little(A)22.—Oh,theweatherissobad.It'sraA.anotherB.othersC.theoth(D)23.—WhohelpsyouwithA.NoneB.Either(B)24.—HaveyouboughtA.somethingunusualB.anythingunusualC.unusualsomethingD.unusualt ?A.few;someB.few;anyC.little;someD.little;any—IthinkIwillbehereforA.fewB.a(A)27.Iinvited