高考英语二轮复习 讲义 第2部分　专题3　第2讲　夹叙夹议文（学生版）

第2讲夹叙夹议文常用以下方法来解此类型试题：解题要领内容解读分析结构，抓住作者的观点借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路。重视首句，把握文章主题首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。抓住转换，理清逻辑关系抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。(2020·天津3月改编)Forthepasttenyears，mydadandIhaveattendedthesameschool—heasanadministratorandIasastudent.Ourrelationship，inandoutofschool，hasbeentotallyunpredictable.WhenIwasyounger，allthatmydadsaidwasdoctrine(信条)andanythinghedidI，1，copied.AsIgrewolder，wewerenotas2asweusedtobe.Hewasn’tcoolanymore.Helistenedto3countrymusicandlaughedtooloudlyinfrontofmyfriends.Hebecameatotalembarrassment.However，the4thatoccurredinschoolwereevenworse.This5continuedintohighschool，butwesomehowbegantofindabalance.Thingsstartedto6aroundthetimeofmy10th-gradephysicsproject.The7wastobuildawoodbridgewiththebeststrength-to-weightratio(比率)．Allthestudentsandphysicsteachers8.Sodidmydad，theonlyadministrator!Embarrassed，asusual，I9thescene.10，laterwhenIlearnedfrommyfriendsthatmydaddefeatedallcompetitorsandwoneveryone’sadmiration，Ifoundthatmixedinwithmy11wasatouchofpride.IhadneededsomeoneelsetoshowmewhatI12inmydad.Itwasn’tthefactthathe’dwon；itwasmorethanthat.Ibeganto13manyofthesamevaluesandsometimesthesameopinionsthatwehave.Ifeel14tohavesuchanunusualfather.The15IhavedevelopedwithmydadovertheyearshasenabledmetolookbackandseehowI’vegrown.1．A.temporarily B．naturallyC．originally D．passively2．A.close B．reliableC．generous D．confident3．A.creative B．familiarC．horrible D．live4．A.failures B．coincidencesC．competitions D．disasters5．A.debate B．partyC．progress D．struggle6．A.happen B．changeC．grow D．disappear7．A.issue B．taskC．lesson D．procedure8．A.participated B．protestedC．hesitated D．explored9．A.fled B．investigatedC．pictured D．made10．A.Instead B．OtherwiseC．Therefore D．However11．A.confusion B．encouragementC．embarrassment D．fascination12．A.recommended B．toleratedC．doubted D．appreciated13．A.beawareof B．callforC．arguefor D．bringabout14．A.puzzled B．fortunateC．concerned D．awkward15．A.strategy B．habitC．relationship D．potential文本整体感知中心思想作者与父亲的关系的演变见证了作者的成长。叙述角度第一人称语篇结构事例→观点写作要素mydad；I；younger；grewolder；highschool；10th-gradephysicsproject；atouchofpride；anunusualfather写作目的体现了“人与自我——积极的生活态度”的主题技法四析逻辑，索答案语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由已知部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。本文第10题可根据对立关系解题。下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系：(1)对立关系对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，onthecontrary(相反)，bycontrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，eventhough，while(虽然；然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而)，inspiteof(尽管)，regardlessof(不管，不顾)，anyhow，afterall(毕竟)，insteadof(而不是)，ratherthan(而不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否则)，orelse，totheopposite(对立面)，comparedwith等。真题体验1(2022·全国乙)Foralongtime，thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44.interpretedasevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45.surprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.46．A.explained B．confirmedC．contradicted D．tested真题体验2(2017·江苏)...Hesworetohimselfto39.avoidmusic，ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.40，oneday，inthemusicclassthatwas41.partofhisschool’sstandardcurriculum，hewasplayingidly(随意地)onthepianoandfoundit42.easytopickouttunes.40．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Thus D．Moreover(2)并列和递进关系并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，similarly等。真题体验3(2019·北京)Thestudentswhohe’s15.drivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians，teachersandengineers，butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”．16．A.even B．everC．once D．already真题体验4(2022·全国甲)Ayearlater，muchtomy58.delight，thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down，nordidI59himto.That’sonlyforgiving60.watertothedogsthatbroughtustogether.59．A.beg B．trustC．need D．aid(3)目的和因果关系目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as(因为)，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，inorderthat，incase，consequently(因此)，accordingly，dueto，thanksto，onaccountof(由于，因为)，becauseof，seeingthat(由于，因为)，inthat(因为)，nowthat，asaresult，forthisreason等。真题体验5(2021·浙江)Mymotherwasso51.touchedbyhergesturethatshedecidedtogobacktothestoreandgivethecashier(收银员)afive-dollarbilltokeeponhand52thesamehappenedtosomeoneelseiftheydidn’thaveenough53.moneyforalloftheirgroceries.52．A.incase B．evenifC．asthough D．sothat(4)条件关系条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，onconditionthat，providedthat，dependingon等。经典体验6Asyoumarkoffanother“EarthDay”inyourcalendars，contentthatforatleast24hoursIremainedinyourthoughts，IwantedtoremindyouthatIamsick.I’mfrightenedthat1Ican’tsoonreceivetheappropriatemedicineandcareIneed，myillnesswillbecometerminalbeyondallcures.1．A.when B．thoughC．if D．unless(5)时间关系时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as(随着)，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas等。真题体验7(2020·江苏)Forhim，itwasonethingto49.accepthisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinue50itcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.50．A.until B．whenC．unless D．before(6)层次和顺序关系层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，inthefirstplace，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，tobeginwith，tostartwith，ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)．..等。真题体验8(2018·江苏)49，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter，withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad50.lostforever.49．A.Initially B．EventuallyC．Temporarily D．Consequently(7)例证关系例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：allinall，altogether，inbrief，insum，inconclusion，inshort，insummary，onthewhole，tosumup，tosummarize，asaproof，asanexample，forexample，forinstance，tonamebutafew，inparticular，justas，namely，suchas，thatis，asto，say等。经典体验9“Ihopethismethodwouldbeputintopracticeinthenearfuture，1inthenext10years，”hesays.1．A.imagine B．sayC．suppose D．consider技法五据搭配，知答案完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。本文第13题便是依据搭配确定答案的。真题体验(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)Iwas43.worriedthatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek(小溪)．Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas44.uncomfortable，andhiscryingletthewholecampgroundknowit.So45tyinghimup，Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.It46.worked—hedidn’tendupinthecreek.Mythree-year-old，however，did.Anothertime，werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenwe47，butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains，andthisonequickly48.interruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.45．A.dueto B．insteadofC．apartfrom D．asfor47．A.signedup B．calmeddownC．checkedout D．headedoff技法六重平行，觅逻辑文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。真题体验(2020·全国Ⅰ)Onedaythey’ll47anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.lie.47．A.winout B．giveupC．wakeup D．standout(2022·广东茂名二模)It’softenthesimplethingsinlifethatmakethemostsignificantimpactonus.Itwaslateoneafternooninmid-September.Mythree-month-oldsonwasnappinginhis1.AsIwanderedthroughourlivingroom，Ihappenedto2mybalconywindow.Puddles(水坑)had3onthegroundandtherainhadslowed.Downbelow4aboyofaboutfour.Filledwithamixtureoffascinationandhappiness，hestomped(踩)throughthepuddle，mudand5flying.Hewalked，stomped，splashedthroughthatpuddle6，happilyenjoyingwhatmothernaturehadleftforhim.Notmorethantenfeetawaystoodhismother.Shedidn’tscoldhim.7，shewatchedwithapleasantsmileonherfaceandstood8.Asforme，itwasa(n)9momentthatchangedthewayIwillforeverviewmyroleasamother.Thelittleboyprobablywill10eachafternoonthathismothertakeshimoutside，ashe11.Hemaynotremembereachlittlethingthathappenseachtimehismotherletshim12hisworld.Buthew