大学英语四级（年月考试改革适用）模拟试卷21（共543题）

大学英语四级（年月考试改革适用）模

拟试卷21（共9套）

（共543题）

大学英语四级（年月考试改革适用）模

拟试卷第1套

一、作文（本题共/题，每题1.0分，共I分。）

1、Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledThereIsNo

EndtoLearningbycommentingonthefamoussaying,"Educationisnotcompletewith

graduation."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Writeyour

essayonAnswerSheetI.ThereIsNoEndtoLearning

标准答案：ThereIsNoEndtoLearningAlargenumberofpeopletendtoliveunder

theillusionthattheyhadcompletedtheireducationwhentheygraduatefromtheir

schools.Obviously,theyfailtotakeintoaccountthebasicfactthatthereisnoendto

learning.Firstofall,itisuniversallyacceptedthatnocollegeoruniversitycaneducateits

studentsbythetimetheygraduate.Eventhebestpossiblegraduateneedstocontinue

learningbeforeheorshebecomesaneducatedperson.Furthermore,asafamoussaying

goes,educationisnotcompletewithgraduation.Acollegedegreecanneverensurelong­

termjobsuccess.Maintainingsuccessinajobdependsoneducationaftergraduation.

Mostimportantly,learningisrewardingbothmateriallyandspirituallybyenrichingour

lifeandperfectingourpersonality.Inaword,learningisaninvaluablecareerworthour

life-longpursuit.Nooneshouldbecontentwithjusthighschoolorcollegeeducation.

知识点解析：哲无解析

二、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

2、

A、Theadvertisementisprintedfineandattractivetoreaders.

B、$200isreallyreasonableforaroundtripbetweenLAandNY.

C、Peoplemustconformtosomerestrictionsforcheapairfares.

D、Theflighttimeforcheapairlinesisusuallyatnight.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：读完低价航班的附加条款后，男士说：“若没有一些限制条件的话是

不可能这么便宜的。“换言之，若要乘坐低价航班，人们就得遵从某此限制条款，

即Co

3、

A、Hehasbeenonholiday.

B、Hehasbeenonbusiness.

C、He'sbeentotheGreatLakes.

D^Hestayedintheoffice.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：女士说有些日子没见到男士了，问他是不是去五大湖区度假了。男士

说不是，他刚去两个地方谈判回来。可见他是出差去了，B正确。

4、

A、Havealookatthemenu.

B、Readtheinstructions.

C、Tellthewomanastory.

D^Givethewomanalesson.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：女士说那份说明书她看了一个小时也没弄明白。男士说：“我来瞧

瞧……”，可见男士想帮助女士，也要读说明书.B正确。

5、

A、InApril.

B、InMay.

C、InJuly.

D、Notdecidedyet.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：男士说“我希望是5月份。但这得全由April决定”，并说“我猜得等到

她7月份毕业”，可判断D正确。

6、

A、Heisworriedaboutthelossofthestore.

B、Hewonderswhythecrazyactionwasconducted.

C、Hewonderswhatpunishmentthecrazymanwillget.

D^Hewishesthat(hebrokenglasshadnotinjuredanybody.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：男士说：“我希望没有伤到人。”可见D正确。

7、

A、Heshouldbemorepositivetowardhiswork.

B、Heshouldquithisjobassoonaspossible.

C、Heshouldfindamorepromisingposition.

D、Heshouldfindajobofdifferentfield.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：男士说：“他觉得现在的工作像是进入了一个死胡同，可是要是他不

改变工作态度，我想找份新工作也不会有什么区别。”故A正确。

8、

A、Becausehedoesn'tenjoythedishesatHilton.

B、Becauseheisn'tfamiliarwiththewaytoHilton.

C、Becausehebelievesthewomanisnotserious.

D、BecausehethinksdiningatHiltonistooexpensive.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：听到女士去Hilton饭店吃饭的建议，男士断然拒绝：“你是开玩笑吧？

那可是花费很大的。……”可见开支过大是男士的主要顾虑，D正确。

9、

A、Themanshouldphonethehotelfordirections.

B、Themancanaskthedepartmentstoreforhelp.

C、Shedoesn'thavethehotel'sphonenumber.

D、Thehotelisjustaroundthecoiner.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：男士问路，女士说自己也是初来乍到，并建议说：“也许你可以给酒

店打电话。……”故A正确。

三、听力长对话（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1。、

A^Inadrugstore.

B、Inasupermarket.

C^Onthephone.

D、OntheInternet.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：时话中，男士问女士是否生病了，女士说她来这里是给合住公寓的伙

伴买药，可知对话最可能发生在药店，故选A。

11、

A、Sheisgoingtohavedinnerwiththeman.

B、Sheisgoingbackhomeforherparents5anniversary.

C、SheisgoingtovisitherfriendsinNewOrleans.

D、Sheisgoingtoworkoverlimeintheoffice.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：女士说周六是父母40周年结婚纪念日，所以要回家去庆祝，故选

Bo

12、

A^Thewomanshouldbealerttoheavytraffic.

B、Manypeoplegotothecountrysideattheweekend.

C、Thewomanshouldguardagainstrobbersontheway.

D、Givehimacallwhenthewomanarriveshome.

标准答案：A

知识点解析；男士说周五晚上通常会出现交通拥堵，提醒女士要小心，故选A。

13、

A^Tofreehismindoffwork.

B、Toenrichhimself.

C、Tomakenewfriends.

D、Tokillthetime.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：开头男士说，医生说他需要培养业余爱好，把注意力从IT作中移

开，故选A。

14、

A、Expensive.

B、Unusual.

C、Interesting.

D、Relaxing.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：女士说，她听说过很多不寻常的爱好，但是从来没听说收集雨伞的。

可见女士觉得收集雨伞是不寻常的爱好，故选B。

15、

A、Shestartedcollectingstampsfromherchildhood.

B、Agoodstampcollectioncanbebuiltinashorttime.

C^Araresetofstampsisworthalotofmoney.

D^Itisnearlyimpossibletocollectararesetofstamps.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：女士说，一套珍稀的邮票是很值钱的，故选C。

16、

A^Electronics.

B、Collectingumbrellas.

C^Collectingstamps.

D^Playinggolfortennis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：男士表示自己对运动感兴趣，并在对话最后问女士高尔夫和网球是否

合适，女士给出了肯定的叵答，故选D。

四、短文理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

17、

A、Bydoingapart-timejob.

B、Byservinginthearmy.

C、Bysettingasidepartofhissalary.

D、Bychanginghisjobforabetterone.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由于父亲在军队中的工资微薄，没有多余的钱给“我''买唱机，所以他

到PostExchange找了份每小时•1美元的工作，由此推断父亲是做兼职赚钱，故A

正确。

18、

A、Hewasgiventhewrongbloodbymistake.

B、Hisorgansbrokedownduringthesurgery.

C、Hewastooweaktohaveasurgery.

D、Hewasseriouslyinfectedafterthesurgery.

标准答案：A'.

知识点解析：短文提到，很不幸，医生在手术中犯错了，给父亲输入了错误的血

型，导致器官逐一失去功能，故A正确。

19、

A^Itturnedouttobeinvain.

B、Itwasheldbackbyhismother.

C、Heearnedalotofmoneythroughit.

D、1（helpedthefamilytokeep（hehouse.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：问题中的father^investment指短文中提到的mortgageinsurance（住房

按揭保险），短文提到“父亲去世后有保险公司的人上门检查”及“父亲还是想办法把

钱凑够了“，由此推断.父亲已成功购买保险，让他们能继续拥有该房子，故选

Do

20、

A^Heplayedwellin（heNBA.

B、Backinjuriesinterruptedhiscareer.

C、HenowworksforNike.

D^Marylandishishomeland.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：短文提到HowardWhite现在是Nike公司旗下乔丹品牌的副总裁，由

此可知，他现在是在Nike公司工作，故C正确。

21、

A、Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.

B、Smallthingscanleadtolargeoutcomes.

C、Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D、Donothingbyhalves.

标准答案；B

知识点解析：短文中提到White认为他的好运来自于自己的一个信念，即小小的细

节（比如见人打声招呼）可以京生巨大的影响，短文中的aidedby对应问题中的

contributesto,B与原文一致,故正确。

22、

A、Herespectedandgreetedeveryone.

B、Heworkedthereformanyyears.

C、Theyhadagoodmemory.

D、Theywererequiredtodoso.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：短文提到，公司的所有人都认识White的原因是他坚守一项简单的原

则，每个人都值得去招呼，他自己就从说“hello”开始。由此可知，他会向公司每一

个人打招呼，因此A正确。

23、

A^Hewastoonaughty.

B、HelookeddownuponMr.Lee.

C、Hedestroyedpubicfacilitieswitharock.

D、Hedidn'tgreetMr.Leewhentheymetonthestreet.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题询问While的母亲因为什么而责备他。短文提到.White当时只

顾着用石头去瞄准路牌上的“0”，而对Mr.Lee毫不理踩，他的母亲因此而说了一

番令他毕生难忘的话，告诉他以后逢人要打招呼，故D正确。

24、

A、Seriousburns.

B、Greatpanic.

C、Smokeandgases.

D、Carelessmistakes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：短文提到，在家庭火灾中，许多死亡是由烧伤和恐慌造成的，但大部

分(most)的死亡却是因为致命的浓烟和毒气，句中的mosl对应提问中的main,故

C正确。

25、

A^Makesuretheirbedroomdoorsareopen.

B、Makesuretheirbedroomdoorsarcclosed.

C、Makesuretheirwindowsareshut.

D、Makesuretheirfuelgasarcshutoff.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析；短文明确提到人们常常会忽略一条基本的防火安全规则；睡觉时为上

卧室的门，故B正确。

26、

A、Screamandcry.

B、Hideunderbeds.

C、Fleethehouse.

D、Seektheirparents'help.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：短文提到家里发生火灾时，儿童经常会感到恐慌，常常会躲在衣柜或

床底，B与此相符，故为正确答案。

五、短文听写（本题共10题，每题分，共70分。）

Inmanycountries,authorityisseldomquestioned,eitherbecauseitishighlyrespected,

orbecauseitisfeared.Sometimes,too,because[Bl]hasbeenimportantin

certainsocietiesforalongtime,peoplehavebeentrainednevertoquestionthosein

authority.Inothercountries,includingAmerica,childrenareTrainedtoquestionand

searchforanswers.Bythetimestudents[B2]theageof14or15,theymaybe

developingexcitingnewideasinall[B3]ofscicncsandthearts.Toencourage

suchcreativity,therearcmanynationalprizes[B4]studentseveryyearfor

theirscientificdiscoveriesandartisticaccomplishments.Thisinterestinquestioningand

searchingmay[B5]somepeopleasbadforyoungpeople'smanners,that

youngpeoplelackrespectforauthority.This[B6]maybecreatedwhenvisitors

noticeyoungAmericansaskingquestionsandarguingwitholderpeople.However,thisis

becausemanyAmericanshavedifferentattitudestowardauthoritythatmay[B7]

otherareasoftheworld.Inaworkorbusinesssituation,ideasarefreelyand

[B8]discussedandargued.Itisvitaltorememberthatitis（heperson'sideas

thatarcbeingquestioned,notthe[B9]himself.Thetwoarcquiteseparate.The

purposeofthesearching,questioning,andarguingistofindthefactsina[BIO]

situation,andthereforeasolution,sothattheworkofthebusinesscanprogress

inthemosteffectivemannerpossible.

27、[Bl]

标准答案：rank

知识点解析：空格所在的原因状语从句缺少主语，应填入名词成分，rank“等级”。

28、[B2]

标准答案：reach

知识点解析：空格前后均为名词性成分，提示此处应填入谓语动词，且能与the

ageof...搭配，而由主语studenis及上下文时态可知为原形。reach“达到"，句

意为“在学生到十四五岁时……\

29、[R3]

标准答案：fields

知识点解析：空格前的介词in和空格后的ofscienceandthearts表明此处应填入名

词复数形式。fields“领域

30、[B4]

标准答案：offeredto

知识点解析：空格前为完整的（herebe结构，空格后为名词students。故此处应填

入及物动词的分词形式。offerslh.iosb.”给某人提供某物”，注意要使用过去分

词形式表被动，修饰prizes0

31、[B5]

标准答案：beconsideredby

知识点解析：根据空格前后的情态动词may和somepeopleas…，可知此空缺行为动

词，而主语interest为该行为动词的施动对象，故应填入动词的过去分词，构成被

动语态。consider“认为”，注意词尾要加一ed。

32、[B6]

标准答案：impression

知识点解析：根据空格前他This可知此处应填入名词单数形式。impression”印

象”。

33、[B7]

标准答案:existin

知识点解析：空格前的情态助动词may表明此处应填入谓语动词原形。existin"存

在于……中”。

34、[B8]

标准答案：openly

知识点解析：and表明此处应填入与freely并列的副词，一起修饰discussedand

argued（讨论和辩论）。openly“公开地

35、[B9]

标准答案：individual

知识点解析：定冠词the表明此处应填入名词，单数形式的反身代词himself表明

该名词是单数形式。individual“个人

36、[B10]

标准答案：particular

知识点解析：空格前的不定冠词a以及空格后的名词situation(情形)，提示此空需

填入形容词或分词。particular"特别的”。

六、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题分，共70分。)

Alotofpeopleinstinctivelybelieve—withoutreallyknowing—thatpoorreadersarenot

especiallysmart.AnewstudybyresearchersattheYaleSchoolofMedicineandthe

UniversityofCaliforniaatDavisexplainshowitisthat[Cl]brightand

accomplishedpeoplecanhavegreatdifficultyreading.Whatgetsinthewayofmany

people'sabilitytoreadiswordblindness.Itisanunexpecteddifficultyinreadingin

peoplewhohavetheintelligenceandmotivationthoughttobenecessarytobe[C2]

readers.Thebrainsofpeoplewithwordblindnesshavedifficultytakingimages

thattheyseeorhearandturningitinto[C3]language,explainedresearcher

SallyE.Shaywitz.Thismeansthatsomeonewithwordblindnessnotonlyhas[C4]

readingbutmayalsohavedifficultyspeakingquickly.Typicalreaderscan

[C5]recognizewordsafterseeing(hemafewtimes;(hosewithwordblindness

don't.Thenewstudy[C6]evidenceforthefirsttimeshowingthatthe[C7]

betweenIQandreadingovertimeisnotthesamefbrreaderswithwordblindness

asitisfbrtypicalreaders.Inpeoplewithoutwordblindness,intelligenceandreadingdo

infactconnectandcan[C8]eachotherovertime.Butinthosewithword

blindness,IQandreadingarenot[C9]overlimeanddonothaveanaffecton

eachother."Peopleexpectthatifyouareaverygoodreaderyoumustbeverysmartand

ifyoudon'treadwellyoumustnotbesosmart,"saidShaywitz."Wordblindnessisa

paradox(矛盾)becauseitviolatesthat[CIO]shesaid."YoucanNOTbea

greatreaderandbeexceptionallysmart."A)conclusionB)fluen(C)understandable

D)exceedinglyh)au(omaticallyFjprovidesG)inlluenceH)(roublel)linkedJ)proves

K)considerateL)selectivelyM)assumptionN)relationshipO)contacted

37、[Cl]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处需填入副词，修饰brighl和accomplished,表示聪明和杰出的程

度。由文章末尾可知阅读能力不强，但可以特别聪明，此处与文章末尾修饰smart

的exceptionally语义相近，故选exceedinglyo

38、[C2]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处需填入形容词。人们认为理解力和积极性是:到一阅读的必要

条件，形容词词库中，只要fluent能用来修饰readers,指“阅读流畅的人”，符合文

章语境，故选fluento

39、[C3]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处需填入形容词。下文提到患词盲的人快速说话也有困难，由此可

推断此处表示他们把看到住或听到的转化为“可理解的”语言有困难，用

understandable修饰language最合适，表示他们不能用可以让人理解的语言来表

达。

40、[C4]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：此处需填入名词。此处形式及语义与havedifficulty(in)doingsth.相

近，名词词库中，trouble一词符合文意。

41、[C5]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：此处需填入副词。此处是关于一般人的情况。正常人是没有阅读障碍

的，由此可推断一般人在看了几次单词后会“自动”将这些词语识别出来，副词词库

中，automatically最符合语义。

42、[C6]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处需填入动词。证据是由新的研究“提供”的，provides符合文意。

43、[C7]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：此处需填入名词。由between...and...可知这儿是说智商和

阅读两者之间的关系。下一段第1句中的connect一词也遑示了它们之间有关联，

relationship符合文意。

44、[C8]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：此处需填入动词。对一般人而言，智力和阅读能力确实是相互联系

的，由此可知它们也应该是相互“影响”，该段末尾的affeci属于词义复现，因此

influence符合文意。

45、[C9]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处需填入动词。此处语义与connect相近，belinked为常用表达，

符合文意。contacted也有“联系”之义。但一般表示“联系(某人户，常用于主动语

态，不符合此处用法。

46、[CIO]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：此处需填入名词。“that——”应该是概括指代上一段的内容，

assumption”假定；设想”符合文意。解答此题的关键是要知道“that”的所指，它不

是指新的研究，因此不能选conclus沁n。

七、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题分，共10分。)

HowShouldTeachersBeRewarded?A)Weneverforgetour5estteachers-thosewho

inspireduswithadeeperunderstandingoranenduringpassion,(heoneswecomeback

tovisityearsaftergraduating.(heeducatorswhoopeneddoorsandalteredthecourseof

ourlives.B)Itwouldbewonderfulifweknewmoreaboutsuchtalentedteachersand

howtomultiplytheirnumber.Howdotheycomebytheircraft?Whatqualitiesand

capacitiesdotheypossess?Cantheseabilitiesbemeasured?Cantheybetaught?Perhaps

aboveall:Howshouldexcellentteachingberewardedsothatthebestteachers—themost

competent,caringandcompelling—remaininaprofessionknownforlowpayandlow

status?C)Suchquestionshavebecomecriticaltothefutureofpubliceducationinthe

U.S.Evenaspoliticianspushtoholdschoolsandtheirfacultymembersresponsibleas

neverbeforeforstudentlearning,thenationfacesashortageofteachingtalent.About3.2

millionpeopleteachinU.S.publicschools,but,accordingtoanestimatemadehy

economistWilliamHussarattheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,thenationwill

needtorecruitanadditional2.8millionoverthenexteightyearsowingtobaby-boomer

retirement,growingstudentenrollmentandstaffturnover(人员调整)一whichis

especiallyrapidamongnewteachers.Findingandkeepinghigh-qualityteachersarekey

toAmerica'scompetitivenessasanation.RecenttestresultsshowthatU.S.lOth-gradcrs

rankedjust17thinscienceamongpeersfrom30nations,whileinmaththeyplacedinthe

bottomfive.Researchsuggeststhatagoodteacheristhesinglemostimportantfactorin

boostingachievement,moreimportantthanclasssize,thedollarsspentperstudentorthe

qualityoftextbooksandmaterials.D)Acrossthecountry,hundredsofschooldistrictsare

experimentingwithnewwaystoattract,rewardandkeepgoodteachers.Manyof(hese

effortsborrowideasfrombusiness.Theyincludesigningbonusesforhard-to-Hlljobs

likeleachinghighschoolchemistry,housingallowancesandwhatmightbecalled

combatpayforteacherswhocommittoworkingin(hemostdistressedschools.Butthe

ideagainingthemostmotivation一andcontroversy一ismeritpay,whichattemptsto

measurethequalityofteachers'workandpayteachersaccordingly.E)Traditionally,

public-schoolsalariesarebasedonyearsspentonthejobandcollegecreditsearned,a

systemfavoredbyunionsbecauseittreatsallteachersequally.Ofcourse,everyone

knowsthatnotallteachersarcequal.Justwitnesshowhardparentstrytogettheirkids

intothebestclassrooms.Andyetthereisnouniversallyacceptedwaytomeasure

competence,muchlessthegreatcharmofatrulybrillianteducator.Initsabsence,

policymakershavefocusedonthatcurrentmeasureofallthingseducational:studenttest

scores.Indistrictsacrossthecountry,administratorsaredevisingsystemsthattrack

studentscoresbackto(heteacherswhotaughttheminanattempttoassigncreditand

blameand,insomecases,targethelptoteacherswhoneedit.Offeringbonusesto

teacherswhoraisestudentachievement,thetheorygoes,willimprovetheoverallquality

ofinstruction,retainthosewhogetthejobdoneandattractmorehighlyqualified

candidatestotheprofession—allwhileliftingthoseall-importanttestscores.F)Such

effortshavebeenencouragedbytheBushAdministration,whichin2006starteda

programthatawardsS99millionayearingrantstodistrictsthatlinkteacher

compensationtoraisingstudenttestscores.Meritpayhasalsobecomepartofthedebate

inCongressoverhowtoimprovethe2001NoChildLeftBehindAct.Lastsummer,

BarackObamasignedmeritpayatameetingoftheNationalEducationAssociation,the

nation'slargestteachers'union,solongasthemeasureofmeritis"developedwith

teachers,notimposedon(hemandnotbasedonsometestscore."HillaryClinlonsays

shedoesnotsupportmeritpayforindividualteachersbutdoesadvocateperformance­

basedpayonaschoolwidebasis.G)Il'shard(oargueagainstthenotionofrewarding(he

bestteachersfordoingagoodjob.ButmeritpayhasalonghistoryintheU.S.,andnew

programstopayteachersaccordingtotestscoreshavealreadyhadanoppositeeffectin

FloridaandHouston.Whatholdsmorepromiseisbroadereffbrtstotransformthe

professionbycombiningmeritpaywithmoreopportunitiesforprofessionaltrainingand

support,thoughtfulassessmentsofhowteachersdotheirjobsandnewcareerpathsfor

topteachers.H)Tothebusiness-mindedpeoplewhoareincreasinglyrunningthenations

schools,there'sanobvioussolutiontotheproblemsofteacherqualityandteacher

turnover:offerbetterpayforbetterperformance.Thechallengeisdecidingwhodeserves

theextracash.Merit-paymovementsinthe1920s,*50sand'80sturnedtofailurejust

becauseofthatquestion,astheperceptiongrewthatbonuseswereawardedtoprincipals'

pets.Chargesofunfairness,alongwithunreliablefundingandunionopposition,sank

suchexperiments.l)Butinanerawhenstatesaretestingallstudentsannually,there'sa

new,lesssubjectivewindowontohowwellateacherdoesherjob.Asearlyas1982,

UniversityofTennesseestatisticianSandersseizedontheideaofusingstudenttestdata

toassessteacherperformance.Workingwithelementary-schooltestresultsinTennessee,

hedevisedaway(ocalculateanindividualteacher'scontributiontostudentprogress.

Essentially,hismethodisthis:hetakesthreeormoreyearsofstudentlestresults,

projectsatrajectory(轨迹)foreachstudentbasedonpastperformanceandthenlooksat

whether,atiheendof(heyear,thesiudentsinagiventeachersclasstendedtostayon

course,soaraboveexpectationsorfallshort.Sandersusesstatisticalmethodstoadjustfbr

flawsandgapsinthedata."Underthebestcircumstances,"heclaims,"wecanreliably

identifythetop10%to30%ofteachers."J)Sandersdevisedhismethodasamanagement

toolforadministrators,notnecessarilyasabasisforperformancepay.Butincreasingly,

that'swhatitisusedfbr.TodayheheadsagroupattheNorthCarolina-basedsoftware

firmSAS,whichperformsvalue-addedanalysisforNorthCarolina,Ohio,Pennsylvania,

Tennesseeanddistrictsinabout15otherstates.Mostuseittomeasureschoolwide

performance,butsomearebeginningtousevalue-addedcalculationstodetermine

bonusesforindividualteachers.

47、Studenttestscoreshavebecomethekeymeasureofteachers5perfbnnancedueto

thelackofwell-acceptedstandards.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：根据题目中的Studenttestscores定位到E段第5句。该句句首的In

itsabsence指的是缺少上一句提到的universallyacceptedwaytomeasure

competence,这是学生考试成绩成为衡量教师表现重要指标的原因，题目中的lack

与原文absence同义，well-acceptedstandards与原文universallyacceptedway同义>

故本题选E。

48、ThemeritpayprograminFloridaandHoustonhasturnedouttobeafailure.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据题目中的专有名词FloridaandHouston定位到G段第2句。该句

句末的anoppositeeffect表明绩效奖在佛罗里达和休斯敦实行的效果不好，据此可

推知绩效奖在这两个地方的实行结果是失败的，这跟题「的信息相符，故选G。

49、Theannualtestsforstudentsbringanew,lesssubjectivewaytomeasurethe

teachingquality.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：根据题目中的annual,lesssubjective等定位到I段第1句。该句提

到，在一个每年都实行州统考的年代，有一个衡量老师教学质量的新“窗口”，题目

中的waytomeasuretheteachingquality是对原文windowontohowwellateacher

doesherjob的同义替换，故选L

5。、Thekeyfactortostrengtlienachievementforaschoolisagoodteacher.

标准答案：C''

知识点解析：根据题目中的factor和achieveinem定位到C段最后一句。该句提

到，一位好老师是提高成绩的最重要因素，题目中的keyfactor和strengthen

achievemem分另I］对应原文的ihesinglemostimportantfactorflIboosting

acmcvcmcnt,故选C。

51Value-addedcalculationshavebeenusedtodeterminethebonusesateacher

deserves.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：根据题目中的Value-addedcalculations定位到J段最后一句。该句巾

的it指代上文提到的Sanders设计的方法，该句说尽管大部分学校用Sanders设计

的方法来评价全校范围的教学质量，但有些学校也已经开始采用增值的方式计算老

师应得的奖金，题目的意思与之相符，因此选J。

52、Teachingisanoccupationknownforlowsalary.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题目中的knownfor,lowsalary定位到B段最后一句。题目巾的

anoccupation对应该句中的aprofession,该句提到教书是一个以低收入、低社会地

位闻名的职业，题目意思与之相符，故选B。

53、Sanders5methodwasatfirstcreatedasamanagementtoolfbradministratorsrather

(hanabasisforperformancepay.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：根据题目中的managementtoolforadministrators,abasisfor

pcrfomiancepay定位到J段第1句。该句提到，Sanders的方法是为管理者研发的

一种管理工具，而非作为计算绩效奖的基础，题目中的mherihan对应原文的not

necessarilyas,故选J。

54、Meritpayattemptstopayteachersaccordingtotheirworkingperformance.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题目中的乂0行邛2》"尤由3$1。定位到口段最后一句。该句提到

绩效奖(meritpay)目的在于衡量教师的工作质量并相应给予报酬，据此可知绩效奖

的付薪方式是根据教师的工作质量来付薪，题目的theirworkingperformance是对

原文thequalityofteachers^vork的同义替换,故选D。

55、HillaryClintonagreestheschoolstaffshouldhepaidbasedonperformance.

标准答案：F-

知识点解析：根据题目中的专有名词HillaryQinlon定位到F段最后一句。该句用

docsnot...butdoes…的句式表明希拉里的观点,其中butdoes后的内容为她支持的

观点：提倡在全校范围根捱教师的表现来付薪，题目同义改写原文意思，故选F。

56、Merit-paymovementsinthepastdidn'tsucceedbecauseunfairnesswascreated

whendecidingwhoshouldgettheextramoney.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：根据题目中的Merit-paymovements定位到H段第3句。该句提到20

世纪20年代、50年代和80年代的绩效奖运动失败是由于奖金只给校长喜欢的

人，意即奖金的分配不公，题目的意思与此相符，故选H。

八、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题分，共70分。)

EatingaMediterranean-stylediet—packedwithfruits,vegetables,legumes(a^),nuts,

oliveoilandfish-isgoodforyourheart,manystudieshavefound.Nowscientistsare

suggestingthedietmaybegcodforyourmentalhealth,too.Astudyofover10,000

Spaniardsfollowedforalmostfourandhalfyearsonaveragefoundthatthosewho

reportedeatingahealthyMediterraneandietatthebeginningofthestudywereabouthalf

aslikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhosaidtheydidnotsticktothediet.Allof

theparticipantswerefreeofccprcssionwhentheywererecruitedtothestudy,andeach

filledouta136-itcmfoodfrequencyquestionnairewhentheyjoined.Basedontheirscif-

reporteddietaryhabits,theywereassignedascorebetween0and9,withthehighest

scorereflectingthecloseststickingtoaMediterraneandiet.Overtime,thosewhohad

scoredbetween5and9ontheMediterraneandietwere42percent(o51percentless

likelytodevelopdepression,thestudyfound,thanthosewhoscoredbetween0and2.

Thestudydoesnotproveacause-and-effeclrelationshipbetweentheMediterraneandiet

andalowerriskfordepression,onlyanassociationbetweenthetwo.Still,many

scientistsarcconvincedthatsomedamagingprocessesinvolvedincardiovascular(心脏

血管的)diseasemayalsoplayaroleinmentalhealth."Bothcardiovasculardiseaseand

depressionsharecommonmechanisms,"saidDr.MiguelAngelMartinez-Gonzalez,

professorofpreventivemedicineatUniversityofNavarrainPamplona,Spain,andsenior

authorof(hepaper,publishedintheOctoberissueofArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry.

"Themembranes(细胞膜)ofournervecellarecomposedoffat,sothequalityoffatthat

youareeatingdefinitelyhasaninlluenceon(hequalityoftheneuronmembranes,and

(hebody'scombinationofneurotransmittersisdependenton(hevitaminsyou'reeating,"

Dr.Martinez-Gonzalezadded."Wethinkthoseleaststicking:otheMediterraneandietary

planhaveadeficiencyofessentialnutrients."Theelementsofthedietmostclosely

linkedtoalowerriskofdepressionwerefruits,nutsandlegumes,thestudyfbund.

57、ScientistshaveprovedthataMediterranean-stylediet

A、helpsdevelopahealthyheart

B、resultsinahealthymind

C、ispopularamongSpaniards

D、containslittlefat

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原文该句末的havefound表明该句提到的内容是通过研究得以“证实”

的，该句提到地中海风格的饮食习惯“对心脏有好处”，A与此内容对应，故为本题

答案。

58、ThestudyrecruitedSpaniardswho.

A、didn'tknowabouttheMediterraneandiet

B、didn'tshowanysymptomsofdepression

C、werelikelytodevelopdepression

D、wereeagertobementallyhealthy

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第3段第1句提到了参与者在参与实验前的心理状况，该句说到参与

者在刚开始时都是没有抑郁症的(freeofdepression),因此，本题应选B。

59、Whatdidtheparticipantsdoduringtheprocessofthestudy?

A、Theymonitoredtheirownhealthbyscoring.

B、TheystucktoaMediterraneandiet.

C、Theykepttheirowndietaryhabits.

D^Theyfilledout(hequestionnaireregularly.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本文第3段和第4段是对该研究过程的描述，从这两段提到的参与者

饮食习惯的得分差异可以知道他们在4年多的研究过程中并没有一律都坚持地中海

风格的饮食习惯，正是因为他们仍然保持自己一贯的饮食习惯，才会出现得分的差

异，才能让研究人员研究饮食习惯和心理健康之间的关系，因此，本题应选C。

60、WhatdoesDr.MiguelAngelMartinez-Gonzalezthinkofdepression?

A^1(producesthesamedamagetothebodyascardiovasculardiseasedoes.

B、Itinvolvesthesameformingprocessascardiovasculardisease.

C、Itisoneofthesymptomsofcardiovasculardisease.

D>Itisadaiiiagiiigpiocessincaidiovasculaidisease.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：结合原文这两句的内容可知，心血管疾病和抑郁症的形成有相同的机

制，即当身体受损而患上心血管疾病或抑郁症时，两者的过程是相同的，由此可

见，B是对原文内容的近义改写，故为本题答案。

61、AccordingtoDr.Martinez-Gonzalez,whyarethosewhcdonotstickto

Mediterraneandietmorelikelytogetdepression?

A^Theirdietsarenotnutritiousenough.

B、Theirdietsdon'tcontainenoughfat.

C、Theirdietslackcertainimportantnutrients.

D^Theirdietsarecomposedoftoomuchfat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：原文该句提到，Dr.Marlinez—Gonzalez认为在那些不按照地中海风

格饮食的人的菜谱里，缺乏必要的营养物(deficiencyofessentialnutrients),C中的

lack