初中英语句式转换讲义与题目

一、句式转换核心类型与规则梳理（一）肯定句→否定句的转换转换逻辑：根据句子谓语的不同结构（be动词、情态动词、实义动词），选择不同的否定方式，同时注意限定词（如some→any）和副词（如already→yet）的调整。含be动词（am/is/are/was/were）：在be动词后加`not`；句中`some`变`any`（表请求、希望得到肯定回答的疑问句除外，但否定句需改）。例：Heisastudent.→Heisn'tastudent.含情态动词（can/could/will等）：在情态动词后加`not`；`some`变`any`。例：Shecanplaythepiano.→Shecan'tplaythepiano.含实义动词（行为动词）：借助助动词`do/does/did`（时态/人称决定），在助动词后加`not`，原实义动词还原；`some`变`any`，`already`变`yet`（句末）。例：Theygotoschoolbybike.→Theydon'tgotoschoolbybike.例：Hehassomebooks.→Hedoesn'thaveanybooks.（二）陈述句→一般疑问句的转换转换逻辑：将句子的“核心谓语成分”（be动词、情态动词、助动词）提至句首，调整人称（I/we→you）和限定词（some→any，特殊语境保留），句末加问号。含be动词：be动词提至句首，首字母大写；第一人称变第二人称。例：HeisfromChina.→IshefromChina?含情态动词：情态动词提至句首，首字母大写；人称调整同be动词句。例：ShecanspeakEnglish.→CanshespeakEnglish?含实义动词：借助`do/does/did`提至句首，原实义动词还原；人称、限定词调整同上。例：Theyplayfootballafterschool.→Dotheyplayfootballafterschool?例：Hehasanewpen.→Doeshehaveanewpen?（三）对划线部分提问（陈述句→特殊疑问句）转换逻辑：先根据划线内容选疑问词（如时间用when、地点用where、数量用howmany等），再将剩余部分变为“疑问词+一般疑问句”（主语提问除外，语序不变）。步骤：①选疑问词；②剩余部分变一般疑问句（主语提问时直接替换，语序不变）。示例：1.Theywenttotheparkyesterday.→Whendidtheygotothepark?（时间→when，一般过去时加助动词did）2.Thebookisonthedesk.→Whereisthebook?（地点→where，be动词提至疑问词后）3.Shehasthreebooks.→Howmanybooksdoesshehave?（可数数量→howmany，后接名词复数+一般疑问句）4.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Whoboughtyouanewbike?（主语人提问→who直接替换，语序不变）（四）同义句转换转换逻辑：通过词法替换（同义词、词性转换）或句法替换（句型改写）实现，初中常见类型：花费类：`spend...on/doing`↔`payfor`↔`cost`（物作主语）↔`take`（it作形式主语）例：Hespentanhourdoinghishomework.→Ittookhimanhourtodohishomework.太…而不能…：`too...to...`↔`so...that...`（否定句）↔`not...enoughto...`例：Sheistooshorttoreachtheshelf.→Sheissoshortthatshecan'treachtheshelf.→Sheisn'ttallenoughtoreachtheshelf.条件类：`if...not...`↔`unless`例：Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.→Unlessyouhurryup,you'llbelate.所属关系：`sb'ssth`↔`thesthofsb`例：ThisisMary'sbike.→ThisbikebelongstoMary.→ThisisthebikeofMary.（五）主动语态→被动语态的转换转换逻辑：初中被动结构为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，步骤：①原宾语变主语；②谓语变“be+过去分词”（be时态/人称与原主语一致）；③原主语用`by`引出（可省略）。示例：1.Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.→Riceisgrown(bypeople)inthesouth.（一般现在时，be用is，grow→grown）2.Hegavemeabookyesterday.→Abookwasgiventome(byhim)yesterday.（一般过去时，give→given，双宾语结构加to）3.Wemustplantmoretrees.→Moretreesmustbeplanted(byus).（含情态动词，must+be+planted）（六）直接引语→间接引语的转换转换逻辑：转述他人话语时，需调整人称（一随主、二随宾、三不变）、时态（主句过去时，从句时态后退）、状语（this→that,now→then等），陈述句用`that`（可省），一般疑问句用`if/whether`。示例：1.Hesaid,"Iamveryhappytoday."→Hesaid(that)hewasveryhappythatday.（I随主语变he，am→was，today→thatday）2.Sheasked,"Doyouknowhim?"→Sheasked(me)ifIknewhim.（一般疑问句→if引导，you随宾语变I，know→knew）二、实战训练题目（分类型）（一）肯定句变否定句1.Sheisgoodatdancing.→__________2.Theycanswimverywell.→__________3.Hegoestoschoolonfoot.→__________4.Wehavesomebreadforbreakfast.→__________（二）陈述句变一般疑问句1.ThegirlisfromAmerica.→__________2.Theywillvisitthemuseumnextweek.→__________3.Hedoeshishomeworkeveryday.→__________4.Shehasapetcat.→__________（三）对划线部分提问1.TheywenttothezoolastSunday.→__________2.Thebookcosts20yuan.→__________3.Sheisplayingthepianointheroom.→__________4.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→__________（四）同义句转换1.Hespentanhourdoinghishomework.→It__________himanhour__________dohishomework.2.Sheistooshorttoreachtheshelf.→Sheis__________short__________shecan'treachtheshelf.→Sheisn't____________________toreachtheshelf.3.Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.→__________you__________hurryup,you'llbelate.4.ThisisMary'sbike.→Thisbike____________________Mary.→Thisisthebike__________Mary.（五）主动变被动1.Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.→Rice____________________(bypeople)inthesouth.2.Hegavemeabookyesterday.→Abook______________________________me(byhim)yesterday.3.Wemustplantmoretrees.→Moretrees______________________________(byus).4.Theteacherwillcorrectthepaperstomorrow.→Thepapers______________________________(bytheteacher)tomorrow.（六）直接引语变间接引语1.Hesaid,"Iamveryhappytoday."→Hesaid(that)____________________veryhappy____________________.2.Sheasked,"Doyouknowhim?"→Sheasked(me)______________________________him.3.LiMingsaid,"IwillgotoShanghainextmonth."→LiMingsaid(that)____________________gotoShanghai____________________.三、答案与解析（自查/讲解用）（一）肯定句变否定句答案1.Sheisn'tgoodatdancing.（be动词后加not）2.Theycan'tswimverywell.（情态动词后加not）3.Hedoesn'tgotoschoolonfoot.（实义动词，三单→助动词does+not，goes还原为go）4.Wedon'thaveanybreadforbreakfast.（实义动词，非三单→助动词do+not，some改any）（二）陈述句变一般疑问句答案1.IsthegirlfromAmerica?（be动词提至句首）2.Willtheyvisitthemuseumnextweek?（情态动词will提至句首）3.Doeshedohishomeworkeveryday?（实义动词，三单→助动词does提至句首，does还原为do）4.Doesshehaveapetcat?（实义动词，三单→助动词does提至句首，has还原为have）（三）对划线部分提问答案1.Whendidtheygotothezoo?（时间→when，一般过去时加助动词did）2.Howmuchdoesthebookcost?（价格→howmuch，一般现在时三单→助动词does）3.Whatisshedoingintheroom?（动作→what，现在进行时→be+doing）4.Whoboughtyouanewbike?（主语人→who直接替换，语序不变）（四）同义句转换答案1.Ittookhimanhourtodohishomework.（spend→take，it作形式主语）2.Sheissoshortthatshecan'treachtheshelf.→Sheisn'ttallenoughtoreachtheshelf.（too...to...→so...that.../not...enoughto...）3.Unlessyouhurryup,you'llbelate.（if...not...→unless）4.ThisbikebelongstoMary.→ThisisthebikeofMary.（所属关系→belongto