2022届天津市第四十二中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

2022届天津市第四十二中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共95分)第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.—Howtimeflies!SincetheCollegeEntranceExaminationsareapproaching,wehavetoseizeeveryminute.—________.Asthesayinggoes,timelostcannotbewonagain.A.Don'tmentionit B.Forgetit C.Exactly D.Ibegtodiffer【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——时间过得真快啊!高考快到了，我们要抓紧每一分钟。——没错。俗话说，时间一去不复返。A.Don'tmentionit没关系；B.Forgetit不必在意；C.Exactly一点不错，完全正确；D.Ibegtodiffer恕我不能同意。根据“Asthesayinggoes,timelostcannotbewonagain.”可知，认为对方所说的话完全正确。故选C。2.Thankstothe________oftheexperiencedworker,wecompletedthedifficulttaskontime.A.potential B.bonus C.bug D.guidance【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力；B.bonus奖金；C.bug故障；D.guidance指导。结合句意中，经验丰富的工人，可知guidance“指导”，符合句意，故选择D项。3.Alice'smotherhas________viewsaboutthestyleofdressing,soshewasunhappywhenAlicewearsaminiskirt.A.blank B.conventional C.rational D.subjective【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝的妈妈对穿衣风格有传统的看法，所以当爱丽丝穿迷你裙时她很不高兴。A.blank空白的；B.conventional传统的；C.rational合理的；D.subjective主观的。根据后文“soshewasunhappywhenAlicewearsaminiskirt.”可知，爱丽丝的妈妈对穿衣风格有传统的看法，所以当爱丽丝穿迷你裙时她很不高兴。故选B。4.Duetosomeunfavorablecircumstances,wejust________in2020thoughweworkedhard.A.cametopower B.tooktheleadC.madeendsmeet D.cameourway【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于一些不利的情况，虽然我们努力工作，但到2020年还是勉强维持了收支平衡。A.cametopower当权，执政；B.tookthelead带头；C.madeendsmeet收支相抵；D.cameourway来临，遇到。由语意可知，虽然我们努力工作，但是由于一些不利的情况，到2020年还是勉强维持了收支平衡。故选C项。5.Ithinkit'sunwiseofyoutobuildupyourbusiness________yourhealth.A.insearchof B.incontrolof C.attheendof D.attheexpenseof【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我认为你以牺牲健康为代价发展事业是不明智的。A.insearchof寻找、搜寻；B.incontrolof控制；C.attheendof在……结束；D.attheexpenseof以……为代价。根据it'sunwiseofyou可以推测，以牺牲健康为代价发展事业是不明智的。故选D项。6.HostingtheWinterOlympicGamescan________thefriendshipandmutualunderstandingbetweenChinesepeopleandpeoplefromothercountries.A.strengthen B.symbolize C.evaluate D.regulate【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：举办冬奥会可以增进中国人民与世界各国人民的友谊和相互了解。A.strengthen增进，加强；B.symbolize象征；C.evaluate评价；D.regulate调节。根据后文“thefriendshipandmutualunderstandingbetweenChinesepeopleandpeoplefromothercountries”可知举办冬奥会可以增进中国人民与世界各国人民的友谊和相互了解。故选A。7.Exportsaleswereupby57%lastyear,sothecompanyisconfidentofitsfurther________.A.downfall B.expansion C.supervision D.investigation【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年出口销售额增长了57%，因此该公司对进一步扩张充满信心。A.downfall垮台，衰败，下雨；B.expansion扩大，扩张；C.supervision监督；D.investigation调查。由语意可知，该公司去年出口销售额增长了57%，因此对进一步扩张信心满满。故选B项。8.Hebelievedhehadspottedanunknowncity________deepinthejungle.A.buried B.tobury C.burying D.havingburied【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他相信自己发现了一座埋在丛林深处的未知的城市。A.buried埋葬，过去分词；B.tobury埋葬，不定式；C.buring埋葬，现在分词；D.havingburied埋葬，现在分词的完成时。此处是“spot+宾语+宾语补足语”，city与bury之间是被动关系结构，因此要用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A项。9.______inthestreet,aterriblecaraccidenthappened,resultinginthreedeaths.A.Whilewalking B.WalkC.Walking D.WhenIwaswalking【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：当我走在街上时，一场可怕的车祸发生了，造成三人死亡。分析可知，句子已经有了主谓结构：aterriblecaraccidenthappened，所以只能加状语，而walk这个动作不可能是caraccident发出的，所以不能选择现在分词walking或状语从句省略形式whilewalking。walk是人的动作，D选项：WhenIwaswalking符合题意，故选D。

10.Don'twastetimeonjealousy,becauselifeisalongrace,________youronlyopponentisyourselfintheend.A.which B.as C.where D.when【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句关联词。句意：不要因嫉妒他人虚度光阴，因为生活是一场漫长的比赛，你最终唯一的对手就是你自己。A.which哪个；B.as正如；C.where哪里；D.when在…时候。空格后为定语从句的从句部分修饰前面的先行词race，从句部分主干完整，但缺少状语，先行词race在从句中充当地点状语，看作抽象地点。故选C。11.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I’llbuyit,________.A.howevermuchitmaycost B.nomatterhowitmaycostC.howmuchmayitcost D.howevermanyitmaycost【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这是一本非常有趣的书。不管花多少钱我都会买它的。nomatterhow和however都可以引导让步状语从句，nomatterhow或however的后面要接形容词或副词，然后再接从句的其他部分，且从句应用陈述句语序。表示花钱多少应该用much，many指代可数名词复数。综上，A选项正确。12.Mysonisaddictedtocomputergames.Heishopeless，isn'the？Yes，_____________heisdeterminedtogiveupandstartallover.A.if B.unlessC.though D.so【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：——我儿子沉迷于电脑游戏。他是不可救药了，不是吗?——是的，除非他决心放弃，从头开始。A.if如果；B.unless除非；C.though尽管；D.so所以，根据题意，故选B。13.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhich B.withwhich C.ofwhich D.towhich【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她领着游客们参观了博物馆，这座博物馆建设花了三年多的时间。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词museum，且此处construction与museum为所属关系，故应用介词of，作介词的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故选C。14.Itisinthecityyou’regoingtopayavisittothiskindofbeerisproduced.A.不填;that B.where;thatC.不填;where D.that;which【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和强调句式。句意：这种啤酒就是在你要去参观的那个城市生产的。分析可知，第一空为定语从句，thecity为先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作payavisitto的宾语，关系代词省略；第二空为强调句式（itis+被强调部分+that+其他部分），强调地点状语inthecity，所以第二空填that，故答案为A。15.—AreyoudonewiththebookIgaveyou?—________.I'mstillreadingthelastchapter.A.Hardtosay B.Notquite C.Ofcourse D.Italldepends【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我给你的那本书你看完了吗？——还没完全看完。我还在看最后一章。A.Hardtosay很难说；B.Notquite不完全，未必；C.Ofcourse当然；D.Italldepends要看情况而定。根据后文“I'mstillreadingthelastchapter.”可知书还没完全看完，notquite符合语境。故选B。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。“Thosewhobringsunshinetothelivesofotherscannotkeepitfromthemselves.”Thosewordsremindedmeofapastexperience.Isatdownatmydeskandstartedwritingaletterofthankfulness,butwhenitcametoactuallyputtingtheletterintothemailbox,I____16____.Icouldn'tdoit.Isuddenlyfeltasenseof____17____andinsecurity.Theletterwastoanoldteacherwithwhom1keptin____18____onFacebook.Formonths,Ireadaboutwhatshe____19____onherFacebookpage,whichhelpedmetolivemylifedifferently.Hervolunteerworkwasn'thuge.____20____,shewasdoingsmall,localgooddeeds.Gradually,she____21____myviewsontheworldandforsomereason,IfeltIshouldletherknowhowherexample____22____influencedme.Icouldhaveeasilysentheranemail,butthatseemednotenoughforsuchanimportantthank-you.That'swhyIendedup____23____theletter.ButnowhereIwas,standingbeforethemailbox,unabletoputtheenvelopeinside.Whatwasstoppingme?ItsuddenlyhitmethatIwas____24____ofbeingtoonice.IguessIfeltstrange_____25_____itwasnotlikeshewasmybestfriendorarelative.Maybemy_____26_____wastoosincere.Thinkingthisover,however,Iputtheenvelopeinthemailbox_____27_____.WeekslaterIreceivedamessagefromher.Itturnedoutshewas_____28_____atoughtimeandmynote_____29_____alottoher.Shesaidshehadnoideashewasplayingsuchanimportant_____30_____inothers'life.Notonlydidthislettermakeherhappier,butherresponsetoitbrightenedmyworldand_____31_____mylevelofhappinessaswell.Iwasso_____32_____thatithadsuchagreatinfluenceonherthatIdecidedtowritea(n)_____33_____lettertosomeoneeachmonth.Nowit'seasierformeto_____34_____thegoodnessinothersandbemore_____35_____forthisbeautifullifeI'mliving.16.A.continued B.started C.hesitated D.thought17.A.power B.disappointment C.responsibility D.uncertainty18.A.mind B.touch C.order D.sight19.A.packedup B.sufferedfrom C.setdown D.gaveup20.A.So B.But C.Instead D.Meanwhile21.A.changed B.predicted C.believed D.controlled22.A.loosely B.rapidly C.greatly D.widely23.A.checking B.receiving C.handwriting D.reading24.A.confident B.sure C.fond D.afraid25.A.although B.because C.until D.while26.A.present B.agreement C.message D.explanation27.A.sadly B.officially C.finally D.entirely28.A.turningover B.goingthrough C.makinguseof D.givinginto29.A.meant B.persuaded C.offered D.determined30.A.decision B.command C.usage D.part31.A.forecast B.increased C.expressed D.recognized32.A.excited B.lonely C.stubborn D.upset33.A.congratulation B.request C.comfort D.thank-you34.A.handout B.findout C.setout D.putout35.A.careful B.sorry C.satisfied D.grateful【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.C20.C21.A22.C23.C24.D25.B26.C27.C28.B29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位老师一直在做善事，并把自己做的善事分享在脸书上，给作者带来了很大的影响。作者给她写了一封感谢信，这封感谢信帮助她度过了最艰难的时光，作者决定每个月都给别人写一封感谢信。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我犹豫了。A.continued继续;B.started开始;C.hesitated犹豫;D.thought认为，思考。根据空格后一句“Icouldn'tdoit”可知当作者把信投进邮筒的时候，自己犹豫了,觉得不该这么做。故选C。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然感到一种不确定和不安全的感觉。A.power力量；B.disappointment失望；C.responsibility责任;D.uncertainty不确定的事物，犹豫。根据上文“Icouldn'tdoit.”以及空后的“andinsecurity.”可知,作者此时内心是十分犹豫不确定的,与insecurity并列。故选D。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这封信是写给一位年迈的老师的，我和她在Facebook上保持着联系。A.mind头脑；B.touch接触；C.order命令；D.sight视力,景象。根据前文的“Theletterwastoanoldteacher”空格后的“formonths”可知作者几个月来，都在和这位老师用邮件联系。keepintouch意思是“保持联络,保持联系”。故选B。【19题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：几个月来，我阅读了她写在脸书页面上的东西，这帮助我过上了不同的生活。A.packedup整理，打包；B.sufferedfrom经历；C.setdown放下,记下；D.gaveup放弃。根据上文“1readabout”以及空后的“onherFacebookpage”可知，作者阅读的是那位老师在脸书上记下的东西。故选C。【20题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她的志愿者工作并不多。相反，她在做一些小的、地方性的善事。A.So所以；B.But但是；C.Instead代替,反而；D.Meanwhile与此同时。根据空格前一句,“Hervolunteerworkwasn'thuge”以及“shewasdoingsmall,localgooddeeds"可知她做的并不是什么大事情，相反，她做的只是当地的小善事，因此用instead来连接，表示相反的情况。故选C。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，她改变了我对世界的看法，出于某种原因，我觉得我应该让她知道她的榜样是如何极大地影响我的。A.changed改变;B.predicted预言,预知；C.believed相信;D.controlled控制。根据下文“influencedme"可知这位老师的事迹深深的影响了作者，也改变了作者对于世界的看法。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，她改变了我对世界的看法，出于某种原因，我觉得我应该让她知道她的榜样是如何极大地影响我的。A.loosely宽松地；B.rapidly迅速地；C.greatly很,非常；D.widely广泛地。根据上文“whichhelpedmetolivemylifedifferently”可知，这位老师改变了作者，极大地影响了作者。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是我最后手写这封信的原因。A.checking检查;B.receiving收到；C.handwriting手写；D.reading阅读。根据上文“Isatdownatmydeskandstartedwritingaletterofthankfulness”可知，作者手写的这封信。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到我害怕不够好。A.confident自信的,确信的；B.sure确信的；C.fond喜欢的,温柔的；D.afraid害怕的。根据空格前一句“Whatwasstoppingme?”可知阻止作者的东西通常是不好的东西，因此推断作者认为是自己害怕表现不够好阻止了自己。故选D。【25题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我想我感到奇怪是因为她不是我最好的朋友或亲戚。A.although即使,尽管；B.because因为；C.until直到；D.while当……时候,然而。根据前后文可知这里是在介绍作者为什么会感到奇怪不安的原因，因为这位老师不是作者最好的朋友或者亲戚,因此用because来引导原因状语从句。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我的信息太真诚了。A.present目前,礼物;B.agreement同意,协议；C.message消息；D.explanation解释,说明。根据空格后的“toosincere”可知这里作者是在自嘲作者将要发给老师的邮件，里面的信息太过真诚。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，考虑到这一点，我终于把信封放进了邮箱。A.sadly伤心地；B.officially正式地,官方地；C.finally最终,最后；D.entirely完全地,彻底地。根据下文“Iputtheenvelopeinthemailbox”可知，作者经过不断思考和犹豫，最终还是把信封放进了邮筒。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：原来她正在经历一段艰难的时期，我的字条对她意义重大。A.turningover移交给;B.goingthrough通过,经受；C.makinguseof利用；D.givingin屈服,让步。根据空格后的atoughtime可知她是经受了一段艰难的时间。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在经历一段艰难的时期，我的字条对她意义重大。A.meant意味着；B.persuaded说服；C.offered提供；D.determined决定。根据空格前半句“shewasgoingthroughatoughtime”可知因为她正在经过一段艰难的时期，因此作者的来信对她来说意味深重。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说她不知道自己在别人的生活中扮演着如此重要的角色。A.decision决定；B.command命令；C.usage使用,用法；D.part部分。根据空格前的句子“Shesaidshehadnoidea”可知这位年迈的老师是和作者互通了几个月的书信，因此对于作者来说,这位老师在人生当中是一位导师，是人生中重要的一部分。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封信不仅让她更快乐，而且她的回应点亮了我的世界，也提高了我的幸福感。A.forecast预报,预测；B.increased增加；C.expressed表达；D.recognized认出。根据空格前半句“Notonlydidthislettermakeherhappier”可知这封信让这位老师变得更加快乐，她变得快乐的同时，作者也感到快乐，幸福水平也跟着增加提升了。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很激动这对她有如此大的影响。A.excited激动的；B.lonely孤独的;C.stubborn顽固的;D.upset心烦意乱的。根据空格前一句“herresponsetoitbrightenedmyworldand____16____mylevelofhappinessaswell”可知作者因为她的回信而感到高兴，因此是十分激动的。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定每个月给人写一封感谢信。A.congratulation祝贺；B.request要求；C.comfort安慰；D.thank-you谢谢你。根据上文“Isatdownatmydeskandstartedwritingaletterofthankfulness”可知作者写给这位老师的感谢信对老师意义重大，作者也十分高兴，因此决定每个月给人写一封感谢信。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我更容易发现别人的善良了，对我现在的美好生活更加心存感激。A.handout分发；B.findout找到,发现；C.setout出发，开始；D.putout熄灭，出版。根据空格后的“thegoodnessinothers”,可推断，他人的善良是需要别人去发现的，作者更容易发现被人的善良了。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我更容易发现别人的善良了，对我现在的美好生活更心存感激。A.careful小心的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.satisfied满意的；D.grateful感激的,感谢的。根据上文内容可知，因为作者通过和一位年老的老师互通书信邮件，二人成为了朋友，并且作者的感谢信在老师艰难的时期帮助她渡过难关，通过这件事作者也更容易发现他人的善良了，更加感激生活中的美好事物了。故选D。第三节阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASleepingisimportant,butmanypeoplehaveexperiencedstrangesleepingpatterns,unusualdreamsandafeelingofrestlessnessandsleepinessduringthecorona-viruslockdown,despiteagoodnight'ssleep.Sowhatsortofthingscanhelpyoutoimproveyoursleepingquality?WrongHabitsManymythsrelatedtosleepcanbequitedamagingforourhealth.FormerBritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcherfamouslyclaimedthatsheonlyhitthesackforfivehoursanight.Butaccordingtoexpertsthisisharmfultohealth.Likewise,fallingasleepinfrontoftheTVisanotherthingtoavoid.Thebrightlightscanpreventyoufromenteringdeepsleep.WrongWaystoHelpGotoSleepFromayoungagewe'retoldtocountsheeptohelpustonodoff,withsomechoosingtostayinbedtobattlewithinsomnia.However,someexpertsadvisegettingupanddoingsomethingmindless,likefoldingsocks,tohelpusgetinthemoodtocatchfortywinks.PsychologistSethJ.GillihanPhDrecommendswalkingtohelpinthebattleagainstinsomnia.HetalksaboutasleepstudypublishedinthejournalSleepHealthwhichsuggeststhatthosewhowalkslightlymorewillexperiencebetterqualityanddurationofsleep.WatchingwhatyoueatordrinkcanalsoimprovetheamountofREM,orrapideyemovementyouexperience.SnoringCanbedangerousIfyou'reasnorer,youmightalsowanttotakenote.Whilemostbreathingnoisilyisharmless,itcouldbeasignofsleepapnoea,withpeoplesufferingfromtheconditionmorelikelytohavestrokesorheartattacks,irregularheartbeatsorhighbloodpressure.AShortSleepduringtheDayMayRefreshYouFinally,adecentnap,orevenapowernap,canhelpyoutobemorealert,calmandfocused.Sowhiletherearesomegoodtipslikeexercisingorfoldingsockstohelpusgetagoodnight'ssleep,sometimesagoodafternoon'ssleepcanhelpusdealwiththedayahead.36.Whydosomepeoplestillfeeltiredandsleepyinspiteofhavingagoodnightsleepaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyhavesleptfortoolong. B.Theirsleepingqualityneedsimproving.C.Theirdreamshouldbeniceandhappy. D.Corona-viruslockdownmakesthemdepressed.37.WhichfactisNottrue?A.Hittingthesackisbadforhealth.B.Fivehoursisnotenoughforpeopletokeepfit.C.ThebrightlightsofTVwillstoppeoplesleepsoundly.D.FormerBritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcherdidn'thaveahealthysleepinghabit38.Theauthorwillagreethat________.A.Snoringwillonehundredpercentresultindamagetopeople'shealth.B.Whenoneissleepy,quickeyemovementsincrease.C.Adecentnapwillaffectyournightsleep.D.Takingexercisemaydogoodtoyourafternoonsleep.39.Youmayreadthispassagein________.A.apsychologytextbook B.amedicalessaycollectionC.ahealthandcaresectioninanewspaper D.anadvertisingleafletinadrugstore【答案】36.B37.A38.B39.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提升睡眠质量的方法。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Manypeoplehaveexperiencedstrangesleepingpatterns,unusualdreamsandafeelingofrestlessnessandsleepinessduringthecoronaviruslockdown,despiteagoodnight'ssleep.Sowhatsortofthingscanhelpyoutoimproveyoursleep?(许多人在冠状病毒封锁期间经历了奇怪的睡眠模式、不寻常的梦以及不安和困倦的感觉，尽管晚上睡得很好。那么，什么样的方法可以帮助你改善睡眠呢？)”结合下文介绍几个提高睡眠质量的方法，可推知，有些人虽然睡了个好觉，但仍然感到疲劳和困倦，因为他们的睡眠质量需要提高。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据WrongHabits部分的“FormerBritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcherfamouslyclaimedthatsheonlyhitthesackforfivehoursanight.Butaccordingtoexpertsthisisharmfultohealth.(英国前首相玛格丽特·撒切尔曾有一句名言：她每晚只睡5个小时。但根据专家的说法，这对健康有害)”可知，睡觉对健康有害这个事实是错误的。故选A。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据WrongWaystoHelpGotoSleep部分的“WatchingwhatyoueatordrinkcanalsoimprovetheamountofREM,orrapideyemovementyouexperience.(注意自己的饮食也可以提高快速眼动(REM)的时间，或者你经历的快速眼动)”可知，快速眼动有助于睡眠。由此推知，作者可能同意B项“当一个人困倦时，快速的眼球运动增加”。故选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sleepingisimportant,butweallknowthat,right?Manypeoplehaveexperiencedstrangesleepingpatterns,unusualdreamsandafeelingofrestlessnessandsleepinessduringthecoronaviruslockdown,despiteagoodnight'ssleep.Sowhatsortofthingscanhelpyoutoimproveyoursleep?(睡眠很重要，但我们都知道，不是吗?许多人在冠状病毒封锁期间经历了奇怪的睡眠模式、不寻常的梦以及不安和困倦的感觉，尽管晚上睡得很好。那么，什么样的方法可以帮助你改善睡眠呢？)”结合文章主要介绍了提升睡眠质量的方法；可推知，你可以在报纸上的刊登健康护理专栏看到此文章。故选C。BWilliamPurkey,awell-knownprofessorofeducation,said,“Dancelikenooneiswatching,lovelikeyou'llneverbehurt,singlikenooneislistening,andlivelikeit'sheavenonearth.”Itseemsliketheperfectlifephilosophy--andoneI'velearnedtoapplytorunningovertheyear.ButIdidn'talwaysfeelthisway.Inmyearlydays,whenIweighed240pounds,Iranlikeeveryonewaswatchingandjudging.IfIwasonarunandsawacarapproaching,1'dstopandpretendIwaslookingforsomethingI'dlost.Iboughtthehigh-techgearandclothesthatIthoughtwouldmakepeoplebelieveIwasarunner.AndIdidn'thaveaclueiftheexpensiveshoesIwaswearingweretherightkindforme--IjustwantedtolooklikeIfitinwiththisgroup.Tobehonest,Ifeltacertainsatisfactioninbelievingthatsomeonewaswatching.Ireallythoughtthatotherpeoplecaredaboutmyperformance.Thebestexampleofthiswasacombined,two-lapmarathoninFlorence,Italy.AsIapproachedthefinishingline,thecrowdbegantocheer.Iwassurprised.HereIwas,thousandsofmilesfromhome,andtheItalianswereshoutingfor“IIpenguino.”About20yardsfromthefinishing,thetruthsetinwhenthewinnerofthefullmarathonwentpastmeasIwasfinishingthehalf-marathon.Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.Icouldn'thelpbutsmileatmyownillusionofself-importance.That'swhenIrealizedIhadbeenrunningforeveryreasonexcepttherightone.Irantomakeotherpeoplehappy,rantoliveuptotheirexpectations.Butnoonewaswatching--noonecared.SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme,justme,andgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadn'ttrulyexperiencedyet.I'velearnedtorunlikenooneiswatching.Soifyouseemeatrace,andIlooklikea60-year-oldguywaddling（蹒跚）along,don'tworry.I'mfine.Themiracleisn'tthatIfinished.ThemiracleisthatIhadthecouragetostart.40.Thewriterbeginsthepassageby________.A.tellinghisrunningstory B.explainingalifephilosophyC.introducingquotations D.listingsomeliferules41.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2thatthewriter________.A.usedsportsclothesandshoestoattractattentionB.wasconcernedaboutwhatothersthoughtofherC.likedtobethefocusofotherrunnersD.struggledtofindtherightshoestofither42.Whenthewriterwasnearthefinishingline,________.A.shesmiledatherownachievement B.thecrowdcheeredforhermadlyC.nobodyreallycaredaboutherrunning D.sherealizedtheimportanceofconfidence.43.Nowthewriterthoughtthatrunningisto________.A.liveuptoothersexpectation B.createamiracleinherownlifeC.runlikenooneiswatching D.enjoythepleasureofrunning44.Bytellingherownstory,thewriterwantedto________.A.tellustolivealifeofourown B.inspiremorepeopletorunC.expectustoimproveourhealthbyrunning D.stresstheimportanceofdetermination45.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“illusion”meaninthe4Thparagraph?A.misconception B.expectation C.fear D.admiration【答案】40.C41.B42.C43.D44.A45.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“WilliamPurkey，awell-knownprofessorofeducation，said，‘Dancelikenooneiswatching，lovelikeyou'llneverbehurt，singlikenooneislistening，andlivelikeit'sheavenonearth．’（著名的教育学教授威廉·珀基(WilliamPurkey)说:“跳舞吧，就像没有人在看一样;恋爱吧，就像永远不会受伤一样;唱歌吧，就像没有人在听一样;生活吧，就像这里是人间天堂一样。”）”可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言，来介绍该话题。故选C。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inmyearlydays,whenIweighed240pounds,Iranlikeeveryonewaswatchingandjudging.IfIwasonarunandsawacarapproaching,1'dstopandpretendIwaslookingforsomethingI'dlost.Iboughtthehigh-techgearandclothesthatIthoughtwouldmakepeoplebelieveIwasarunner.（在我的早年，当我体重240磅时，我跑步的时候就像每个人都在看着和评判一样。如果我在跑步时看到一辆车开过来，我会停下来假装我在寻找丢失的东西。我买了高科技装备和衣服，我想让人们相信我是一个跑步者）”可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视他，当有人靠近时，他总会停下了假装在找东西．后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得他是一个运动员，由此可知，他很在乎别人对他的看法。故选B。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.（没有人为我欢呼。可能没人注意到我跑完了）”由此可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为他喝彩，跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到。故选C。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme,justme,andgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadn'ttrulyexperiencedyet.（所以我决定为我自己跑步，只为我自己，并从这项我从未真正体验过的运动中获得了一种新的乐趣）”由此可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐。故选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望．后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。故选A。【45题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段中“That'swhenIrealizedIhadbeenrunningforeveryreasonexcepttherightone.Irantomakeotherpeoplehappy,rantoliveuptotheirexpectations.（那时我才意识到，我一直在为各种各样的理由而跑，就是没有正确的理由。我跑是为了让别人开心，跑是为了不辜负他们的期望）”由此可知，我忍不住对自己的自负幻想笑了起来。所以划线词的意思是“错误观念”。故选A。CKindergartenrepresentsacrucialenvironmentinwhichchildrendevelopschool-relatedskillsandpatternsofengagement.Theyformthebasisforthedevelopmentoflatercompetencewhichisimportantforacademicsuccess.Asforlateracademicskills,kindergartenachievementshavebeenfoundtohavegreatpredictivevalue.Giventhelong-lastingeffectsthatkindergartenexperienceshaveonlaterschooling,itisimportanttounderstandthefactorsassociatedwithchildren'slearningandmotivationduringthistime.Thequalityofteacher-studentinteractionhasbeenfoundtobeimportantintermsofmanydifferentacademicandsocio-emotionaloutcomes.However,muchofthepreviousworkinthefieldhasfocusedonchildreninlatergradesinelementaryschoolandhasbeenconductedintheUnitedStates.Fewerstudieshavebeenconductedinothereducationalenvironmentsandinkindergartenspecifically.Someresearchersinvestigatedbidirectionallinksbetweenthequalityofteacher-childrelationshipsandchildren’sinterestandpre-academicskillsinliteracyandmathinFinland.Participantswere461Finnishkindergarteners(6-year-olds)and48teachers.Theresultsindicatedthatteacher-perceived(教师感知的)conflictspredictedchildren’slowerpre-academicskillsinbothliteracyandmath.Itispossiblethatwhenchildrenexperienceconflictswithteachers,thenegativeemotionsattachedtotheseconflictsareharmfultochildren’sengagementinlearningandcurtailtheirinterestinacademictasks.It’salsopossiblethatchildrenexperiencingconflictsaremissingoutontimeforlearningliteracyandmath,eitherbecausetheybecomeseparatedfrominstructionalactivitiesorbecauseteachershavetospendmoreinstructionaltimeonbehavioralmanagement.Thefindingshighlighttheimportanceofkindergartenteachersbeingawareofhowtheirrelationshipswithchildrencaninfluencechildren’slaterschooling.Therefore,itwouldbeimportanttodeveloppre-serviceandin-serviceprogramsandinterventionstohelpteachers.Teachereducationprogramsmayalsobenefitteachersnotonlyinacademiccontentandpeda-gogical(教育学的)practicesbutalsoinstrategiesusedtobuildsupportiverelationshipswithchildren.46.Whatdowelearnaboutkindergartenachievements?A.They’recloselyrelatedtokids’personalities. B.Theygreatlyaffectkids’lateracademicskills.C.Theylargelydependontheteachers'competence. D.They’remainlyaboutkids’problem-solvingabilities.47.FromParagraph2,weknowthatthequalityofteacher-studentinteractioninkindergartenA.hasdrawnlittleattentionfromresearchersBhasbeenconsideredveryimportantbyteachersC.hasresultedfromspecificeducationalenvironmentsD.hasformedthebasisofmanygoodsocio-emotionaloutcomes48.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curtail”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Develop. B.Maintain. C.Reduce. D.Assess.49.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?A.Topromotetheeducationalprogramsamongkindergartenteachers.BToexplainthebenefitsofcarryingoutpedagogicalpractices.C.Tocallonkidstobuildupgoodrelationshipswithteachers.D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofkindergartenteachers.50.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thesignificanceofdevelopingkids'school-relatedskills.B.Thenecessityofimprovingteachers'academiccompetence.C.Thewaysofreducingteacher-studentconflictsinkindergarten.D.Theinfluenceofteacher-studentinteractioninkindergartenonkids.【答案】46.B47.A48.C49.A50.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍研究结果，讲述了幼儿园师生互动对幼儿的影响。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Kindergartenrepresentsacrucialenvironmentinwhichchildrendevelopschool-relatedskillsandpatternsofengagement.Theyformthebasisforthedevelopmentoflatercompetencewhichisimportantforacademicsuccess.(幼儿园是儿童发展学校相关技能和参与模式的关键环境。它们构成了日后能力发展的基础，而这对学术上的成功至关重要。)”可以推知，幼儿园的成就会极大地影响孩子以后的学术技能。故选B项。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thequalityofteacher-studentinteractionhasbeenfoundtobeimportantintermsofmanydifferentacademicandsocio-emotionaloutcomes.(师生互动的质量已经被发现在许多不同的学术和社会情感结果方面是重要的。)”以及“Fewerstudieshavebeenconductedinothereducationalenvironmentsandinkindergartenspecifically.(在其他教育环境中进行的研究较少，特别是在幼儿园。)”可知，针对幼儿园的师生互动的质量没有引起研究者的太多注意。故选A项。【48题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Theresultsindicatedthatteacher-perceivedconflictspredictedchildren'slowerpre-academicskillsinbothliteracyandmath.(结果表明，教师感知到的冲突预示着孩子较低的学前读写和数学技能。)”说明冲突会使孩子降低学习技能，从而推知划线词句“Itispossiblethatwhenchildrenexperienceconflictswithteachers,thenegativeemotionsattachedtotheseconflictsareharmfultochildren’sengagementinlearningandcurtailtheirinterestinacademictasks(当孩子们与老师发生冲突时，这些冲突带来的负面情绪可能会伤害孩子们对学习的参与度并且curtail他们对学术任务的兴趣。)”大意为：冲突带来的负面情绪不利于孩子们的学习，会“降低”他们的学习兴趣。选项C“减少”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore,itwouldbeimportanttodeveloppre-serviceandin-serviceprogramsandinterventionstohelpteachers.Teachereducationprogramsmayalsobenefitteachersnotonlyinacademiccontentandpeda-gogical(教育学)practicesbutalsoinstrategiesusedtobuildsupportiverelationshipswithchildren.(因此，制定职前和职中计划和干预措施来帮助教师是很重要的。教师教育项目也可能使教师受益，不仅在学术内容和教学实践方面，而且在与儿童建立支持性关系的策略方面。)”可知，本段写作目的是在幼儿园老师中推广教育项目。故选A项。【50题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“Thefindingshighlighttheimportanceofkindergartenteachersbeingawareofhowtheirrelationshipswithchildrencaninfluencechildren