烟台市人民医院输血医学专业英语文献阅读与翻译试题

烟台市人民医院输血医学专业英语文献阅读与翻译试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20题）1.WhatistheprimarypurposeoftheInternationalSocietyofBloodTransfusion(ISBT)classificationsystem?A.TostandardizebloodgroupantigensforclinicaltransfusionB.ToregulateblooddonationpracticesgloballyC.TotrackbloodproductusageinhospitalsD.Todevelopnewbloodtypingtechnologies2.Whichofthefollowingisamajorcomplicationassociatedwithallogeneicbloodtransfusion?A.HemolysisduetoABOincompatibilityB.Increasedplateletproductionpost-transfusionC.DecreasedriskofinfectionD.Enhancedimmuneresponseintherecipient3.Whatdoes"irradiatedbloodproduct"refertointransfusionmedicine?A.Bloodtreatedwithradiationtopreventgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD)B.BloodstoredatlowtemperaturestoprolongshelflifeC.BloodenrichedwithirontotreatanemiaD.Bloodfilteredtoremoveleukocytes4.Whichantibodyismostcommonlyassociatedwithtransfusionreactionsinpatientswithahistoryofmultipletransfusions?A.Anti-AB.Anti-BC.Anti-KellD.Anti-D5.Whatistheprimarymechanismofactionofrecombinanthumanerythropoietin(rHuEPO)intreatinganemia?A.StimulatingbonemarrowproductionofredbloodcellsB.IncreasingredbloodcelllifespanC.BlockingredbloodcelldestructionD.Enhancingironabsorptionfromthediet6.Whichofthefollowingisacontraindicationforbloodtransfusioninapatientwiththalassemia?A.IronoverloadduetofrequenttransfusionsB.SevereanemiarequiringurgentcorrectionC.CoagulopathysecondarytohemolysisD.PositiveexposuretohepatitisCvirus7.Whatistheroleofapheresisinmoderntransfusionmedicine?A.CollectingwholebloodfromdonorsB.Separatingspecificbloodcomponents(e.g.,platelets,plasma)C.Storingbloodproductsforlong-termuseD.Administeringbloodproductsintravenously8.Whichbloodgroupsystemismostfrequentlyassociatedwithtransfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)?A.ABOB.RhC.HLAD.Kell9.Whatisthesignificanceofleukoreductioninbloodproducts?A.Reducingtheriskoffebrilenon-hemolytictransfusionreactions(FNHTR)B.IncreasingtheshelflifeofredbloodcellsC.EnhancingtheimmuneresponseintherecipientD.Preventinghemolysisduringstorage10.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectofplatelettransfusion?A.ThrombocytopeniaB.HemostasisimprovementC.FebrilereactionsD.Increasedhemoglobinlevels二、填空题（每空1分，共10空）1.The________systemisusedtoclassifyredbloodcellantigensbeyondtheABOandRhgroups.2.Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)isoftenmediatedby________antibodies.3.Recombinanthuman________isasyntheticformoferythropoietinusedtotreatanemia.4.The________testisperformedtoscreenforantibodiesintransfusionrecipientswithahistoryofreactions.5.________isararebutseriouscomplicationofbloodtransfusion,causedbydonorimmunecellsattackingtherecipient’stissues.6.Leukoreductionfiltersout________toreducetheriskofFNHTR.7.The________groupisthemostcommonbloodtypeintheglobalpopulation.8.________isabloodgroupantigenpresentonredbloodcellsbutabsentinplasma.9.The________systemclassifiesbloodgroupsbasedonantigensotherthanA,B,orRh.10.________isaconditionwhereexcessiveredbloodcelldestructionleadstohemolyticanemia.三、翻译题（每题5分，共5题）1.OriginalSentence:"Alloantibodiesarenaturallyoccurringantibodiesthatreactwithantigensondonorredbloodcells,leadingtoimmune-mediatedtransfusionreactions."ChineseTranslation:_________________________2.OriginalSentence:"LeukoreductionistheprocessofremovingwhitebloodcellsfrombloodproductstominimizetheriskofalloimmunizationandTRALI."ChineseTranslation:_________________________3.OriginalSentence:"Massivetransfusionprotocols(MTPs)arestandardizedprocedurestorapidlyreplacebloodproductsincriticallyillpatients."ChineseTranslation:_________________________4.OriginalSentence:"Immunohematologyisthebranchoftransfusionmedicinethatstudiesbloodgroupantigensandantibodies."ChineseTranslation:_________________________5.OriginalSentence:"Erythropoiesis-stimulatingagents(ESAs)aremedicationsthatenhanceredbloodcellproductioninpatientswithchronickidneydisease."ChineseTranslation:_________________________四、简答题（每题10分，共3题）1.ExplaintheimportanceofABOandRhbloodtypingintransfusionmedicine._________________________2.Describetheroleofbloodbankinginensuringsafebloodtransfusions._________________________3.Whatarethekeyconsiderationsformanagingtransfusionreactionsinclinicalsettings?_________________________答案与解析一、选择题答案1.A2.A3.A4.C5.A6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C解析:1.TheISBTclassificationsystemstandardizesbloodgroupantigensforclinicaltransfusiontoensurecompatibility.2.ABOincompatibilityleadstohemolysis,amajortransfusionreaction.3.IrradiatedbloodproductspreventGVHDbydestroyingdonorlymphocytes.4.Anti-Kellantibodiesarecommoninmultiparouswomenandcancauseseverereactions.5.rHuEPOstimulatesredbloodcellproductioninthebonemarrow.6.HepatitisCisacontraindicationduetotheriskofviraltransmission.7.Apheresisisolatesspecificbloodcomponentsfortargetedtherapies.8.TRALIisassociatedwithHLAantibodiesinplasma.9.LeukoreductionreducesFNHTRbyremovingwhitebloodcells.10.Febrilereactionsarecommonafterplatelettransfusionduetoleukocytecontamination.二、填空题答案1.ISBT2.Humanleukocyteantigen(HLA)3.erythropoietin4.indirectantiglobulin5.Graft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD)6.leukocytes7.O8.Lutheran9.Lutheran10.Hemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn(HDN)解析:1.TheISBTsystemclassifiesrarebloodgroupantigens.2.TRALIinvolvesHLAantibodies.3.rHuEPOmimicsnaturalerythropoietin.4.Indirectantiglobulintestdetectsantibodies.5.GVHDoccurswhendonorcellsattacktherecipient.6.LeukoreductionremovesWBCstopreventFNHTR.7.TypeOisthemostcommonglobally.8.Lutheranantigenisabsentinplasma.9.TheLutheransystemincludesrareantigens.10.HDNiscausedbymaternalantibodies.三、翻译题答案1.异体抗体是天然存在的抗体，能与供者红细胞的抗原反应，导致免疫介导的输血反应。2.白细胞滤除是指从血液制品中去除白细胞的过程，以最大程度降低同种免疫和TRALI的风险。3.大量输血方案（MTPs）是标准化的程序，用于在危重患者中快速替换血液制品。4.免疫血液学是研究血型抗原和抗体的输血医学分支。5.促红细胞生成剂（ESAs）是药物，可增强慢性肾病患者红细胞的生产。四、简答题答案1.ABOandRhtypingiscrucialbecauseitensuresdonor-recipientcompatibility,preve