2025年大学《大学法语》专业题库- 法语翻译理论探讨

2025年大学《大学法语》专业题库——法语翻译理论探讨考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、名词解释（请对下列名词进行解释，每题5分，共20分）1.Correspondance2.Focalisation3.Lathéoriedudoel4.L'approchefonctionnelle二、简答题（请简要回答下列问题，每题10分，共40分）1.AccordingtoEugeneNida,whatistheprimarygoaloftranslationandwhatarethekeyprinciplesguidingit?2.Compareandcontrasttheconceptsof"domestication"and"foreignization"asproposedbyLawrenceVenuti.Whataretheirrespectiveimplicationsfortranslation?3.BrieflydescribethemainfeaturesofHansJ.Vermeer'sSkoposTheory.Whatdoestheterm"Skopos"refertointhiscontext?4.WhoareconsideredthemainproponentsofdescriptivetranslationstudiesinFrench,andwhatisthefundamentalobjectiveofthisapproach?三、论述题（请就下列问题展开论述，每题15分，共30分）1.Discussthehistoricaldevelopmentoftranslationtheoryfromthe20thcenturyuptothepresentday.Identifymajorturningpointsandshiftsinfocus.2.Analyzetheroleandsignificanceoftranslationtheoryincontemporarytranslationpractice.Provideexamplestoillustratehowtheoreticalknowledgecaninformandimprovetranslationdecisions.试卷答案一、名词解释1.Correspondance(对应论):Intranslationstudies,correspondancereferstotheprincipleadvocatedbyNida,emphasizingthecreationofanequivalenteffectinthetargetlanguage,focusingontherelationshipbetweensourceandtargetlanguageunits(words,phrases,structures)intermsofmeaningandstyle,aimingfornaturalnessandreadabilityinthetargettext.**解析思路:*要求解释Nida的核心概念“对应”。答案需点明其目的是追求“效果对等”，强调源语和目标语单位在意义和风格上的关系，以及最终目标是目标文本的自然流畅可读性。2.Focalisation(焦点的转移/视角的转换):Thisterm,oftenassociatedwiththedescriptionofnarrativetranslation,particularlyintheworksofRussianformalistsandnarratologistslikeTzvetanTodorov,referstothewaythefocusofattentionshiftsinthetargettextduetotranslationchoicesregardingcharacterperspectives,informationdistribution,ornarrativestructure,whichmaydifferfromthesourcetext.**解析思路:*要求解释与叙事翻译相关的“焦点”概念。答案需说明其本质是“视角或注意力的转移”，并指出这种转移是由翻译选择引起的，可能体现在人物视角、信息安排或叙事方式上，并与源文本形成对比。3.Lathéoriedudoel(目的论):SkoposTheory,proposedbyGermanscholarHansJ.Vermeer,positsthattheprimarydeterminantofatranslationisitsintendedpurposeorfunction(the'Skopos')inthetargetcontext.Thetranslatormustconsciouslydecideonthepurposeofthetranslationandadaptthesourcetextaccordingly,prioritizingthetargettext'spurposeoverthesourcetext'sformorotherexternalfactors.**解析思路:*要求解释Vermeer的“目的论”。答案需抓住核心概念“Skopos”（目的），说明其核心观点是翻译的首要决定因素是目标文本的“预期目的或功能”，并强调译者在翻译过程中的“目的性”和“适应性”。4.L'approchefonctionnelle(功能对等法/功能approach):Thistermbroadlyencompassestranslationapproachesthatprioritizethefunctionorpurposeofthetargettext.WhileoftenusedinterchangeablywithNida's'FunctionalEquivalence'orVermeer's'SkoposTheory',itcanalsorefertobroaderconceptswherethetranslator'sdecisionisguidedbytheintendedeffectorroleofthetranslationinthetargetculture,ratherthanastrictcorrespondencetothesourcetext.**解析思路:*要求解释“功能对等法”或“功能途径”。答案需说明其核心是关注目标文本的“功能或目的”，并指出其涵盖范围，可以指Nida的功能对等或Vermeer的目的论，甚至更广泛地指以目标文本效果为导向的翻译理念。二、简答题1.AccordingtoEugeneNida,theprimarygoaloftranslationistocreate'dynamicequivalence',whichmeansachievinganequivalenteffectinthetargetlanguageculturethatisascloseaspossibletotheeffectproducedinthesourcelanguageculture.Keyprinciplesguidingthisinclude:(1)Minimumchangestothesourcetext'smessagewhileadaptingitsformfortargetreaders;(2)Ensuringthetranslatedtextisnaturalandidiomaticinthetargetlanguage;(3)Avoidinginterferencefromthesourcelanguage;and(4)Consideringtheculturalandsituationalcontexttoensuretheintendedcommunicationisachieved.**解析思路:*要求简述Nida的目标论。答案需明确其核心目标是“动态对等”（效果对等），并列举支撑此目标的关键原则，如“形式适应意义”、“目标文本自然”、“避免源语干扰”和“考虑语境”。2.LawrenceVenuticontrasts'domestication'and'foreignization'astranslationstrategiesrepresentingdifferentapproachestohandlingculturaldifference.Domesticationaimstomakethetargettextassimilaraspossibletothesourcetext,assimilatingtheforeignelementsintothetargetculture,oftenresultinginamorefluentandaccessiblestyleforthetargetreaderbutpotentiallylosingthedistinctculturalflavouroralienatingreaderssensitivetoforeignness.Foreignization,ontheotherhand,seekstopreservethesourcetext'sculturaldistinctiveness,alienatingthetargetreadertosomeextentbyintroducingforeignstructures,vocabulary,orperspectives,thusmakingthetargetreaderawareofthesourceculture'sdifferenceandenrichingthetargetlinguisticandculturallandscape.Theimplicationslieintheirrespectivestancesonculturaldominance:domesticationtendstofavourthetargetculture,whileforeignizationchallengesitbyhighlightingthesourceculture'spresence.**解析思路:*要求对比“归化”和“异化”。答案需先定义两者，明确其目标（归化求似，异化求异），然后描述各自的特点（归化流畅但可能丢失文化性，异化凸显文化性但可能让读者不适），最后点明其背后的文化价值和立场倾向。3.ThemainfeaturesofHansJ.Vermeer'sSkoposTheoryinclude:(1)Theprimacyofthe'Skopos'(purpose)intranslationdecision-making;(2)Thetranslatorasan'skopos-oriented'agentwhoconsciouslychoosestranslationstrategiestoachievethepredefinedpurpose;(3)Theviewthattranslationisan'intrinsicallyskopos-determined'activity,meaningitspurposefundamentallyshapestheentiretranslationprocess;(4)TheprinciplethatchoicesmadeatanystageoftranslationmustservetheoverallSkopos,potentiallyoverridingotherfactorslikesourcetextfidelityorlinguisticnorms;(5)Abroaderdefinitionoftranslationthatincludesnon-verbalcommunicationandgenresbeyondtraditionalliterarytranslation,allevaluatedbytheirtargetfunctions.**解析思路:*要求简述Vermeer目的论的主要特征。答案需列举其核心原则和观点，如“目的优先”、“译者是目的导向者”、“翻译本质上由目的决定”、“选择服务于目的”、“翻译定义更宽泛”等。4.Themainproponentsofdescriptivetranslationstudies(alsoknownasdescriptivetranslationstudiesorDTS)inFrenchareprimarilyJeanDelcambreandJean-PaulVinay.Thefundamentalobjectiveofthisapproachistoobjectivelydescribeandsystematizethelinguisticandculturalphenomenaobservedinactualtranslatedtexts,ratherthanprescribingtranslationrulesorevaluatingtranslationsbasedonpredefinedcriteria.Itfocusesonanalyzingtheconcretetranslationshiftsthatoccurbetweensourceandtargetlanguageswithinspecificlinguisticsubsystems(likevocabulary,grammar),aimingtocreateadescriptivegrammaroftranslationthatcanexplain*how*translationactuallyhappensinpractice,independentoftheoreticalbiases.**解析思路:*要求说明法国描述性翻译研究的代表人物和目标。答案需明确代表人物（Delcambre和Vinay），并阐述其研究目标：客观描述和系统化翻译现象、分析具体语言层面的转换、建立翻译描述性语法、解释实际翻译过程，强调其客观性和描述性而非规定性。三、论述题1.Thedevelopmentoftranslationtheoryinthe20thcenturywitnessedsignificantshifts,markingamovefromprescriptiverulestowardsdescriptiveanalysisandtheoreticalexploration.Earlyinthecentury,translationwasoftenviewedthroughthelensoflinguistics,withapproacheslikeliteraltranslationandlaterstructure-basedequivalencedominating.Themid-centurysawamajorturningpointwithEugeneNida'sformulationof'FunctionalEquivalence'(or'DynamicEquivalence')inthe1950sand60s,shiftingfocusfromrigidformalcorrespondencetoachievingequivalentcommunicativeeffectsinthetargetculture.Thiswasfollowedbytheriseofdescriptivetranslationstudiesinthe1960sand70s(ledbyVinayandDelcambre,andlaterdevelopments),whichaimedtoobjectivelyanalyzeactualtranslationpracticesratherthanprescribethem.Thelatterhalfofthecentury,particularlyfromthe1970sonwards,wascharacterizedbypost-structuralistandpostmoderninfluences,leadingtotheoriesemphasizingtheroleofpower,ideology,andcultureintranslation(e.g.,Venuti'sforeignization,Baker'sskopos-basedapproach).Thelate20thcenturyalsosawtheemergenceofcognitivetranslationstudies,exploringthementalprocessesinvolved,andtheincreasinginfluenceofcorpus-basedmethods.MajorturningpointsincludeNida'sfunctionalism,theriseofdescriptivestudies,andtheadventofpost-structuralistcritiques,fundamentallychangingthewaytranslationwasunderstoodandresearched.**解析思路:*要求论述20世纪翻译理论的发展。答案需按时间顺序梳理主要流派和代表人物（如Nida的功能对等、描述性研究、后结构主义等），指出关键的转折点（如Nida的理论、描述性研究的兴起），并阐述每个阶段的主要特征和贡献，展示理论的演变脉络。2.Translationtheoryplaysacrucialandmultifacetedroleincontemporarytranslationpractice,providingaframeworkforunderstandingthecomplexitiesofthetranslationprocessandguidingtranslatorsinmakinginformeddecisions.Firstly,theoreticalknowledgehelpstranslatorsunderstandtheprinciplesunderlyingdifferenttranslationstrategies,allowingthemtochoosethemostappropriateapproachforagiventextandpurpose(e.g.,whethertoprioritizefluencyorculturalfidelity).Secondly,theoriesoffertoolsforanalyzingsourcetextsandtargetcontexts,enablingtranslatorstoidentifykeyelementslikeculturalnuances,textualfunction,andpotentialambiguities.Forinstance,SkoposTheoryencouragestranslatorstodefinethetranslation'spurposeclearlybeforestarting,whileVenuti'scon