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-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试(常州专用)Unit3·培优卷学校:___________班级:___________姓名:___________分数:___________(时间:100分钟,满分:90分)一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Theoldmanlearnstousesmartphones______thanhisgrandson,buthepractices______everyday.A.slower;morecarefully B.moreslowly;morecarefullyC.slower;carefully D.moreslowly;carefully【答案】B【解析】句意:这位老人学习使用智能手机比他的孙子慢,但他每天练习得更认真。考查知识点:副词比较级的用法。第一空修饰动词“learns”(学习),第二空修饰动词“practices”(练习),修饰动词需用副词,排除A、C选项(slower是形容词比较级);根据句中“than”(比)可知,两空均需用比较级,“carefully”的比较级是“morecarefully”,排除D选项(carefully是原级)。结合语境,老人学习速度比孙子慢且练习更认真,故填B。2.—HowdoyouimproveyourspokenEnglish?—Ioftenpracticeby______whenI'maloneathome.A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.ourselves【答案】A【解析】句意:——你如何提高你的英语口语?——我独自一人在家时,经常通过自言自语(自己练习)来练习。

考查知识点:反身代词的辨析。反身代词需与主语人称一致,问句主语是“you”,答句主语是“I”,因此反身代词需用“myself”(我自己);B选项“yourself”(你自己)、C选项“himself”(他自己)、D选项“ourselves”(我们自己)均与主语“I”不匹配。结合语境,“bymyself”表示“独自、靠自己”,符合“独自一人在家练习”的场景,故填A。3.Amongalltheteammembers,Lisafinishesherdesign______becausesheplanshertimeverywell.A.morequickly B.themostquickly C.quicker D.thequickest【答案】B【解析】句意:在所有团队成员中,莉萨完成她的设计最快,因为她时间规划得很好。

考查知识点:副词最高级的用法。第一空修饰动词“finishes”(完成),需用副词,排除C、D选项(quicker、thequickest是形容词比较级/最高级);根据句中“Amongalltheteammembers”(在所有团队成员中)可知,此处表示三者及以上的比较,需用最高级,“quickly”的最高级是“themostquickly”,排除A选项(morequickly是比较级)。结合语境,莉萨在所有成员中完成最快,故填B。4.Mybrotherisinterestedinscience.Hewantstobea______whoinventsnewenergy-savingproductsinthefuture.A.print B.inventor C.tourist D.pianist【答案】B【解析】句意:我哥哥对科学感兴趣。他未来想成为一名发明新型节能产品的发明家。

考查知识点:名词词义辨析。A选项“print”(印刷品,动词“印刷”)、C选项“tourist”(游客)、D选项“pianist”(钢琴家)均与“inventsnewenergy-savingproducts”(发明新型节能产品)的职业不匹配;B选项“inventor”意为“发明家”,恰好对应“发明产品”的职业。结合语境,哥哥想从事发明相关工作,故填B。5.—WhydoesTomalwaysgetbettergradesthanme?—Becausehelistenstotheteacher______inclassandtakesnotesmorecarefully.A.moreactively B.mostactively C.active D.themostactive【答案】A【解析】句意:——为什么汤姆的成绩总是比我好?——因为他在课堂上更积极地听老师讲课,并且记笔记更认真。考查知识点:副词比较级的用法。第一空修饰动词“listens”(听),需用副词,排除C、D选项(active、themostactive是形容词原级/最高级);根据句中“thanme”(比我)可知,此处表示两者比较,需用比较级,“actively”的比较级是“moreactively”,排除B选项(mostactively是最高级)。结合语境,汤姆听课比“我”更积极,故填A。6.ThestudentsinGroup3taught______tomakeavideoaboutenvironmentalprotection.Theirworkwonthefirstprize.A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourselves D.itself【答案】A【解析】句意:第三组的学生们自学制作了一个关于环境保护的视频。他们的作品获得了一等奖。考查知识点:反身代词的辨析。反身代词需与主语人称一致,主语“ThestudentsinGroup3”(第三组的学生们)是第三人称复数,因此反身代词需用“themselves”(他们自己);B选项“ourselves”(我们自己)、C选项“yourselves”(你们自己)、D选项“itself”(它自己)均与主语不匹配。结合语境,“taughtthemselves”表示“自学”,符合学生自主制作视频的场景,故填A。7.Ofallthewaystolearnalanguage,usingitindailylifeworks______formostpeople.A.good B.better C.best D.well【答案】C【解析】句意:在所有学习语言的方法中,对大多数人来说,在日常生活中使用它(语言)效果最好。

考查知识点:副词最高级的用法。第一空修饰动词“works”(起作用、有效果),需用副词,A选项“good”(好的,形容词)排除;根据句中“Ofalltheways”(在所有方法中)可知,此处表示三者及以上的比较,需用最高级,“well”的最高级是“best”,排除B选项(better是比较级)、D选项(well是原级)。结合语境,“worksbest”表示“效果最好”,符合“所有方法中最优”的场景,故填C。8.A______issomeonewhotakesphotosprofessionally.Myaunthasworkedasoneforover10years.A.writer B.printer C.photographer D.scientist【答案】C【解析】句意:摄影师是专业拍照的人。我姑姑做这行已经十多年了。考查知识点:名词词义辨析。A选项“writer”(作家,从事写作)、B选项“printer”(印刷工,从事印刷)、D选项“scientist”(科学家,从事科学研究)均与“takesphotosprofessionally”(专业拍照)的职业不匹配;C选项“photographer”意为“摄影师”,恰好对应“专业拍照”的职业。结合语境,姑姑的工作是专业拍照,故填C。9.—Didyoufinishyourhomeworkas______asyoursister?—No,shediditfasterthanmebecauseIwasdistractedbymyphone.A.quick B.quickly C.quicker D.morequickly【答案】B【解析】句意:——你完成作业和你姐姐一样快吗?——没有,她做得比我快,因为我被手机分心了。考查知识点:副词原级的用法(“as...as”结构)。“as...as”中间需用形容词或副词原级,排除C、D选项(quicker、morequickly是比较级);第一空修饰动词“finish”(完成),需用副词,排除A选项(quick是形容词原级)。结合语境,“asquicklyas”表示“和……一样快”,符合“比较完成作业速度”的场景,故填B。10.Thelittlegirloftenreadsbooksby______beforegoingtobed.Herparentsareproudofherloveforreading.A.himself B.themselves C.myself D.herself 【答案】D【解析】句意:这个小女孩睡前经常自己读书。她的父母为她对阅读的热爱感到骄傲。考查知识点:反身代词的辨析。反身代词需与主语人称一致,主语“Thelittlegirl”(这个小女孩)是第三人称单数女性,因此反身代词需用“herself”(她自己);A选项“himself”(他自己,男性)、B选项“themselves”(他们自己,复数)、C选项“myself”(我自己,第一人称)均与主语不匹配。结合语境,“byherself”表示“独自”,符合小女孩独自读书的场景,故填D。二、完形填空。(本大题共12小题,每小题1分,共12分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ALifelongLearnerintheSilverEconomyMr.Zhang,68yearsold,hasbecomeapopular"onlineteacher"amonghispeers.Whilemanyelderlypeoplechoosetorelaxafterretirement,hedecidedtolearnnewskillstokeepupwiththetimes,especiallyinthefieldofthesilvereconomy—anindustryfocusingontheneedsofseniorcitizens.Atfirst,Mr.Zhangfoundithardtousesmartdevices.Heoftenforgothowtoopenappsorsendmessages.Buthedidn'tgiveup.Heboughtabeginner'sguidebookandpracticed______(11)for30minuteseverymorning.Sometimesheaskedhisgranddaughtertoteachhim,andhetooknotes______(12)thanaprimaryschoolstudent.Ashelearnedmore,Mr.Zhangnoticedthatmanyelderlypeoplestruggledwithonlineshopping,especiallywhenbuying______(13)productslikeanti-slipshoesorbloodpressuremonitors.Hethought,"IfIcanteachthemhowtochooseandbuysafeproductsonline,thatwouldbereallyhelpful."SoMr.Zhangstartedavideochannel.Hetaughthisviewerstocheckproductlabelscarefully—lookingforinformationlikematerial,safetystandards,andafter-salesservice.Hespoke______(14)andclearlysothateventhosewithpoorhearingcouldfollow.Tomakehisvideosmoreinteresting,headdedsimpleexamplesfromdailylife.Forexample,heshowedhowtotellifa"non-slip"shoeisreallysafebytestingitondifferentfloors.Hisvideossoonbecamepopular.Manyviewersleftcommentslike,"Mr.Zhang'slessonsare______(15)thananyotheronlinecoursesI'vewatched!"Someevenaskedhimtoteachmoreskills,likeusinghealth-trackingapps.Mr.Zhangwashappytohelp.Hesaid,"Learningisalifelongjourney.Itmakesmefeel______(16)whenIcansharemyknowledgewithothers."Lastmonth,Mr.Zhangwasinvitedtoacommunitycentertogiveatalk.Hesharedhislearningexperienceandencouragedmoreelderlypeopletotrynewthings."Don'tbeafraidofbeingslow,"hesaid."Aslongasyoukeeppracticing,youcanlearn______(17)youwant.Thesilvereconomyhassomanynewthingstoexplore—weshouldbepartofit!"Duringthetalk,alisteneraskedhowhekepthismotivation.Mr.Zhangsmiledandsaid,"Isetsmallgoalsformyself.Forexample,Ifirstlearnedtomakeaphonecallonline,thentosendavideo,andnowtomakevideos.Everysmallsuccessmakesmewanttolearn______(18)."Healsomentionedthathekeepsadiarytorecordhisprogress.Writingdownhismistakesandimprovementshelpshimlearn______(19).Now,Mr.Zhangisplanningtolearnaboutlive-streaming.Hewantstohostliveclassestoanswerviewers'questionsinrealtime."There'salwayssomethingnewtolearn,"hesaid."I'llkeepgoingbecauselearningmakesmylife______(20)andmoremeaningful.EvenwhenIfacetechnicalproblemsduringlive-streamingpreparation,Iaskmygranddaughterforhelporsearchforsolutionsonlineby______(21)—Ineverletdifficultiesstopme."Mr.Zhang'sstoryshowsthatageisnotabarriertolearning.Inthedevelopingsilvereconomy,elderlypeoplecannotonlybetheusersofproductsandservicesbutalsothe______(22)whocontributetheirwisdom.Hisspiritencouragesmorepeopletoembracelifelonglearning,nomatterhowoldtheyare.11.A.byhimself B.byourselves C.bythemselves D.byyourself12.A.careful B.morecareful C.carefully D.morecarefully13.A.suitable B.suit C.suitability D.suitably14.A.slow B.slowly C.slower D.theslowest15.A.useful B.moreuseful C.mostuseful D.themostuseful16.A.happy B.happily C.happier D.thehappiest17.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything18.A.much B.many C.more D.most19.A.better B.best C.good D.well20.A.rich B.richer C.richest D.therichest21.A.himself B.herself C.myself D.themselves22.A.learn B.learner C.learners D.learning【答案】11.A 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B21.A 22.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了68岁的张先生在退休后主动学习使用智能设备,并关注到“银发经济”中老年人面临的线上购物等难题。他通过开设视频频道传授实用技能,帮助同龄人解决问题,还受邀到社区分享经验,鼓励更多老年人拥抱终身学习。文章既展现了张先生积极进取的精神,也体现了老年人在银发经济中不仅是服务使用者,还能成为智慧贡献者的价值。11.句意:他买了一本入门指南,每天早上独自练习30分钟。解题依据:句子主语是“He”(张先生),指代单数男性,“byoneself”表示“独自地”,需与主语人称一致。选项中“byhimself”(他独自地)符合主语“He”的人称和性别,而B(我们独自地)、C(他们独自地)、D(你独自地)均与主语不匹配。12.句意:有时他请孙女教他,并且记笔记比小学生还认真。解题依据:句中出现比较级标志词“than”,需用比较级形式,排除原级A(认真的,形容词)和C(认真地,副词原级);“tooknotes”(记笔记)是动词短语,需用副词修饰,而非形容词,排除B(更认真的,形容词比较级);“morecarefully”(更认真地,副词比较级)既符合“than”的比较语境,又能修饰动词“took”,故为正确答案。13.句意:随着学习的深入,张先生注意到很多老年人在网购时遇到困难,尤其是购买防滑鞋、血压计这类合适的产品时。解题依据:空格后“products”(产品)是名词,需用形容词修饰。选项中A(合适的,形容词)可修饰名词“products”;B(适合,动词)、C(适合性,名词)、D(适合地,副词)均不能直接修饰名词,因此选A。14.句意:他说话语速慢且清晰,这样即使听力不好的人也能跟上。解题依据:“spoke”(说话)是动词,需用副词修饰。选项中B(慢地,副词原级)可修饰动词“spoke”;A(慢的,形容词)不能修饰动词,C(更慢的/地,比较级)、D(最慢的/地,最高级)均无比较对象,不符合语境,故选择B。15.句意:很多观众留言说:“张先生的课比我看过的其他线上课程都有用!”解题依据:句中“than”提示用比较级,排除原级A(有用的)和最高级C(最有用的,缺少定冠词the)、D(最有用的);“moreuseful”(更有用的,形容词比较级)符合“thananyotheronlinecourses”(比其他任何线上课程)的比较语境,因此选B。16.句意:他说:“学习是一场终身旅程。当我能把知识分享给别人时,我感到很开心。”解题依据:“feel”是系动词,后接形容词作表语,排除副词B(开心地);句中无比较关系,无需用比较级C(更开心的)或最高级D(最开心的);“happy”(开心的,形容词原级)符合“feel+形容词”的结构,故为正确答案。17.句意:“别害怕学得慢,”他说,“只要坚持练习,你就能学会任何你想学的东西。”解题依据:根据语境“只要坚持练习”,强调“能学会所有想学习的事物”。A(某事)表示“某个不确定的事物”,不符合“所有事物”的语义;C(nothing,没有事物)与语境相反;D(everything,一切事物)虽表“所有”,但常用于肯定句且语义较绝对;B(anything,任何事物)可用于肯定句,强调“无论什么都能学会”,更贴合鼓励的语境,因此选B。18.句意:每一个小小的成功都让我想学习更多。解题依据:语境强调“小成功推动进一步学习”,需用比较级表示“更多(知识/技能)”。A(很多,原级,修饰不可数名词)、B(很多,原级,修饰可数名词复数)均无“进一步”的含义;D(最多,最高级)无比较对象;“more”(更多,比较级)符合“想学习更多”的语义,故选择C。19.句意:写下自己的错误和进步,帮助他学得更好。解题依据:语境隐含“记录错误和进步”与“之前的学习”的对比,即“记录后学得比之前好”,需用比较级。B(最好,最高级)无比较对象,C(好的,形容词原级)不能修饰动词“learn”,D(好地,副词原级)无对比含义;“better”(更好地,副词比较级)既符合对比语境,又能修饰动词“learn”,因此选A。20.句意:“总有新东西要学,”他说,“我会继续学下去,因为学习让我的生活更丰富、更有意义。”解题依据:句中“andmoremeaningful”(更有意义)提示用比较级,构成“比较级+and+比较级”的结构,强调“生活更丰富且更有意义”。A(丰富的,原级)、C(最丰富的,缺少定冠词the)、D(最丰富的)均不符合“andmoremeaningful”的并列比较语境;“richer”(更丰富的,比较级)与“moremeaningful”搭配一致,故选择B。21.句意:即使在准备直播时遇到技术问题,他也会请孙女帮忙,或者自己上网搜索解决方案——他从不让困难阻止自己。解题依据:句子主语是“He”(张先生),“byoneself”表示“独自地”,需与主语人称一致。A(他自己)符合主语“He”;B(她自己)性别不符,C(我自己)指代“我”,D(他们自己)指代复数,均与主语不匹配,因此选A。22.句意:张先生的故事表明,年龄不是学习的障碍。在不断发展的银发经济中,老年人不仅可以是产品和服务的使用者,还可以是贡献智慧的学习者。解题依据:空格前“the”后接名词,且根据“elderlypeople”(老年人,复数)可知,此处需用复数名词表示“一类人”。A(学习,动词)、D(学习,动名词/现在分词)均非名词;B(学习者,单数名词)与“elderlypeople”的复数含义不符;“learners”(学习者,复数名词)既符合“the+名词”的结构,又与复数主语“elderlypeople”匹配,故选择C。三、阅读理解。(本大题共14小题,每小题2分,共28分)(A)FoodSafetyLabels:WhatYouNeedtoKnowNowIn2024,newfoodsafetyruleswereintroducedacrossChinatomakefoodlabelsmoretransparent.Theserulesaimtohelpconsumersmakesmarterchoicesandavoidbeingmisledbyunclearorfalseinformation.Oneofthekeychangesisthebanonmisleadingtermslike"zeroadditive"or"noadditive"onfoodpackages.Manyconsumersusedtobelievethat"zeroadditive"meantthefoodwashealthier,butinfact,somelegaladditivesarenecessarytokeepfoodfreshandsafe.Thenewrulerequiresthatifafoodcontainsadditives,theymustbelistedclearlywiththeirexactnamesandfunctions.Forexample,insteadofjustsaying"containspreservatives,"alabelmustnowwrite"containssodiumbenzoate(apreservativetopreventmoldgrowth)."Anotherimportantchangeisthemandatorylabelingoffoodallergens.Commonallergenslikepeanuts,milk,eggs,andsoybeansmustbemarkedinboldoradifferentcoloronthelabel.Thishelpspeoplewithfoodallergiesavoiddangerousreactions.Lastyear,a5-year-oldboyhadaseriousallergyattackaftereatingacookiethatdidn'tlistpeanutsasaningredient.Withthenewrule,suchaccidentsareexpectedtohappenlessoften.Digitallabelsarealsobecomingmorepopularunderthenewrules.SomefoodproductsnowhaveQRcodesontheirpackages.Whenconsumersscanthecodewiththeirphones,theycanseedetailedinformationlikethesourceoftheingredients,theproductiondate,andeventhetestreportsofthefood.Thismakesiteasierforpeopletocheckifthefoodisfreshandsafe.Additionally,thenewrulesstandardizethe"expirationdate"labeling.Before,differentbrandsuseddifferenttermslike"bestbefore,""useby,"and"sellby,"whichconfusedmanyconsumers.Now,allfoodproductsmustuse"expirationdate"followedbyacleardateintheformatof"YYYY-MM-DD."Thishelpspeopleunderstandwhenthefoodisnolongersafetoeat.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthenewfoodsafetyrules?A.Tobanallfoodadditives. B.Toreducethepriceoffoodproducts.C.Toencouragepeopletobuymoredigitalproducts. D.Tomakefoodlabelsmoretransparent.24.Whichofthefollowingisrequiredunderthenewrulesforfoodadditives?A.Foodwithadditivescannotbesold. B.Only"zeroadditive"foodcanbesold.C.Additivesmustbelistedwithnamesandfunctions. D.Additivescanbemarkedinanyway.25.Whyareallergensmarkedinboldordifferentcolors?A.Tohelppeoplewithallergiesavoiddanger. B.Tomakethelabellookmorebeautiful.C.Toshowthatthefoodisexpensive. D.Toencouragepeopletobuyallergen-freefood.【答案】23.D 24.C 25.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了2024年中国推行的新食品安全法规。该法规围绕食品标签展开多项关键调整,包括禁止“零添加”等误导性表述、强制标注食品过敏原、推广数字标签(如二维码)以及统一“保质期”标注格式,核心目的是提升食品标签的透明度,帮助消费者做出更明智的选择,避免被模糊或虚假信息误导。23.细节理解题(考查对法规核心目的的直接提取)。答案解析:选项D符合语境,根据原文第一段第一句“In2024,newfoodsafetyruleswereintroducedacrossChinatomakefoodlabelsmoretransparent”可知,新食品安全法规的主要目的是“让食品标签更透明”。排除其他选项:A选项“禁止所有食品添加剂”错误,原文第二段明确提到“一些合法添加剂对保持食品新鲜和安全是必要的”,法规并未禁止所有添加剂;B选项“降低食品价格”在原文中未提及,属于无中生有;C选项“鼓励人们购买更多数码产品”错误,原文第四段提到的“数字标签(二维码)”是食品包装上的信息载体,并非鼓励购买数码产品。24.细节理解题(考查对添加剂标注要求的具体信息提取)。答案解析:选项C符合语境,根据原文第二段第三句“Thenewrulerequiresthatifafoodcontainsadditives,theymustbelistedclearlywiththeirexactnamesandfunctions”可知,新法规要求食品添加剂必须标注“名称和功能”。排除其他选项:A选项“含添加剂的食品不能销售”错误,原文明确提到合法添加剂是必要的,法规仅要求标注,而非禁止销售;B选项“只有‘零添加’食品可销售”错误,原文第二段第一句明确禁止“零添加”等误导性表述,说明含合法添加剂的食品可正常销售;D选项“添加剂可任意标注”错误,原文明确要求“清晰列出名称和功能”,并非任意标注。25.细节理解题(考查过敏原特殊标注的原因)。答案解析:选项A符合语境,根据原文第三段第二句“Commonallergenslikepeanuts,milk,eggs,andsoybeansmustbemarkedinboldoradifferentcoloronthelabel.Thishelpspeoplewithfoodallergiesavoiddangerousreactions”可知,过敏原用粗体或不同颜色标注,是为了“帮助过敏人群避免危险”。排除其他选项:B选项“让标签更美观”在原文中未提及,属于无中生有;C选项“表明食品昂贵”与过敏原标注无关,原文未涉及食品价格相关内容;D选项“鼓励人们购买无过敏原食品”错误,标注的目的是帮助过敏人群识别风险,而非推广无过敏原食品。(B)eVTOL:TheFutureofUrbanAirTrafficImaginetakinga"flyingtaxi"toworkeverymorning—avoidingtrafficjamsandgettingtoyourofficein10minutesinsteadofanhour.ThismaysoonbecomearealitywiththedevelopmentofeVTOLs.eVTOLstandsfor"electricVerticalTake-OffandLanding"aircraft.Unliketraditionalplanes,eVTOLsdon'tneedalongrunway.Theycantakeoffandlandvertically,justlikehelicopters.Buttheyarequieter,cleaner,andmoreefficientthanhelicoptersbecausetheyuseelectricpowerinsteadoffuel.ManycompaniesaroundtheworldarenowdevelopingeVTOLs.Someoftheseaircraftcancarry2-4passengersandflyatspeedsofupto200kilometersperhour.Thegoalistousethemas"urbanairtaxis"tosolvetrafficproblemsinbigcities.Forexample,inShanghai,atestflightofaneVTOLwasheldlastyear.Theaircraftflew30kilometersfromthecitycentertotheairportin25minutes—muchfasterthandriving.eVTOLsalsohaveotheruses.Theycanbeusedforemergencyservices,likecarryingdoctorstoaccidentscenesquickly.Duringnaturaldisasterslikefloodsorearthquakes,theycandeliverfoodandmedicinetoareasthatarehardtoreachbycarorboat.Inaddition,somecompaniesareexploringusingeVTOLsfortourism—takingvisitorsonshortflightstoenjoybeautifulviewsofcitiesormountains.However,therearestillsomechallengestoovercomebeforeeVTOLsbecomewidelyused.Oneofthebiggestchallengesissafety.eVTOLsneedtobeabletoflysafelyinbusyurbanairspace,avoidingotheraircraftandbuildings.Anotherchallengeisinfrastructure.Citieswillneedtobuild"vertiports"—placeswhereeVTOLscantakeoff,land,andchargetheirbatteries.There'salsotheissueofnoise.EventhougheVTOLsarequieterthanhelicopters,theystillmakesomenoise,whichmaydisturbpeoplelivingnearvertiports.Despitethesechallenges,expertspredictthattheeVTOLmarketwillgrowrapidly.By2030,it'sexpectedthatthousandsofeVTOLswillbeflyingincitiesaroundtheworld,changingthewaywetravelandmakingurbanairtrafficacommonpartofdailylife.26.WhatisthemainadvantageofeVTOLscomparedtotraditionalplanes?A.Theycancarrymorepassengers. B.Theydon'tneedalongrunway.C.Theyflymuchfaster. D.Theyusemorefuel.27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapossibleuseofeVTOLs?A.Urbanairtaxis. B.Emergencymedicalservices.C.Tourismflights. D.Fueldelivery.28.WhatisoneofthebiggestchallengesforeVTOLs?A.Ensuringsafetyinurbanairspace. B.Theyarenotfastenough.C.Theyaretooexpensiveformostpeople. D.Theycan'tflyinbadweather.【答案】26.B 27.D 28.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文,围绕“电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)”展开介绍。文章首先通过“飞行出租车”的设想引出eVTOL,解释其“电动、垂直起降”的核心特点及相较于传统飞机、直升机的优势;接着列举了eVTOL的潜在用途(城市空中出租车、应急服务、旅游等),并指出其广泛应用前需克服的挑战(安全、基础设施、噪音);最后提及专家预测,认为eVTOL市场将快速发展,有望在2030年改变城市出行方式,成为日常城市空中交通的一部分。26.细节理解题(考查eVTOL相较于传统飞机的核心优势,需直接提取原文信息)。答案解析:选项B符合语境,根据原文第二段第二句“Unliketraditionalplanes,eVTOLsdon'tneedalongrunway”可知,eVTOL与传统飞机相比,最主要的优势是“不需要长长的跑道”。排除其他选项:A选项“能搭载更多乘客”错误,原文第三段仅提到“部分eVTOL可搭载2-4名乘客”,未提及比传统飞机搭载人数更多,且传统飞机通常能搭载数十至数百人,该表述与事实不符;C选项“飞行速度快得多”错误,原文第三段提到eVTOL“时速可达200公里”,但未将其与传统飞机的速度对比,且传统民航客机时速通常在800-900公里,该选项无依据;D选项“使用更多燃料”错误,原文第二段明确指出eVTOL“使用电力而非燃料”,不存在“使用更多燃料”的情况。27.细节理解题(考查对eVTOL潜在用途的筛选,需排除原文未提及的选项)。答案解析:选项D符合“NOTapossibleuse”的要求,原文第四段列举了eVTOL的用途——“城市空中出租车(第三段提及)、应急服务(运送医生到事故现场)、旅游(搭载游客短途飞行赏景)”,但未提及“燃料运输(Fueldelivery)”,该用途不属于eVTOL的潜在应用场景。排除其他选项:A选项“城市空中出租车(Urbanairtaxis)”在第三段明确提到,“Thegoalistousethemas'urbanairtaxis'tosolvetrafficproblemsinbigcities”,属于可能用途;B选项“应急医疗服务(Emergencymedicalservices)”在第四段提到,“Theycanbeusedforemergencyservices,likecarryingdoctorstoaccidentscenesquickly”,属于可能用途;C选项“旅游飞行(Tourismflights)”在第四段提到,“somecompaniesareexploringusingeVTOLsfortourism—takingvisitorsonshortflightstoenjoybeautifulviews”,属于可能用途。28.细节理解题(考查eVTOL面临的核心挑战,需提取原文明确强调的信息)。答案解析:选项A符合语境,根据原文第五段第二句“Oneofthebiggestchallengesissafety.eVTOLsneedtobeabletoflysafelyinbusyurbanairspace,avoidingotheraircraftandbuildings”可知,eVTOL面临的“最大挑战之一”是“在繁忙的城市空域确保飞行安全”。排除其他选项:B选项“速度不够快”错误,原文第三段提到eVTOL时速可达200公里,且能快速解决城市通勤问题(如上海测试中25分钟飞行30公里,比驾车快),未提及“速度不够快”是挑战;C选项“对大多数人来说太贵”错误,原文未涉及eVTOL的成本或价格相关内容,属于无中生有;D选项“不能在恶劣天气飞行”错误,原文第五段列举的挑战仅包括“安全、基础设施、噪音”,未提及“恶劣天气”相关限制,该选项无依据。(C)6G:TheNextFrontierofCommunicationWearestillgettingusedto5G,butscientistsandengineersarealreadyworkingon6G—thenextgenerationofwirelesscommunicationtechnology.6Gisexpectedtobe100timesfasterthan5G,withalmostnodelay.Itwillopenupaworldofnewpossibilitiesforhowwelive,work,andcommunicate.Oneofthekeyfeaturesof6Gisitsspeed.With6G,youcoulddownloadafull-lengthmovieinjustafewseconds,orstream8Kvideoswithoutanybuffering.But6Gisnotjustaboutspeed.Itwillalsosupportmoredevicesatthesametime.Forexample,inasmarthome,6Gcouldconnecthundredsofdevices—fromsmartlightsandthermostatstorobotsandsecuritycameras—withoutslowingdownthenetwork.Anotherimportantpartof6Gisitsabilitytoconnectthe"physicalworld"andthe"digitalworld"moreclosely.Thisiscalled"digitaltwin"technology.Adigitaltwinisavirtualcopyofarealobjectorplace.With6G,doctorscouldcreateadigitaltwinofapatient'sbodytopracticedifficultsurgeriesbeforedoingthemontherealpatient.Engineerscouldusedigitaltwinsofbuildingsorbridgestocheckforproblemsandmakerepairswithouthavingtovisitthesiteinperson.6Gwillalsoplayabigroleinself-drivingcars.Self-drivingcarsneedtocommunicatewitheachotherandwithtrafficlights,roadsigns,andotherinfrastructureinrealtime.With6G'slowdelay,carscanshareinformationinstantly,makingself-drivingsaferandmorereliable.Forexample,ifacaraheadsuddenlystops,itcansendasignaltoallnearbycarswithinasplitsecond,allowingthemtobrakeintime.Inaddition,6Gwillenablenewformsofcommunication,like"holographiccalls."Insteadofseeingaflatimageofthepersonyou'retalkingtoonascreen,youcouldseea3Dhologramofthem,makingitfeelliketheyareinthesameroomwithyou.Thiscouldchangethewaywehavemeetings,attendclasses,orkeepintouchwithfamilyandfriendswholivefaraway.However,developing6Gisnoteasy.Itrequiresnewtechnologies,likeadvancedantennasandnewtypesofchips.Italsoneedsmoreenergy-efficientnetworks,as6Gwillusemorepowerthan5G.Scientistsareworkinghardtosolvetheseproblems,andmanycountries—includingChina,theUnitedStates,andJapan—havealreadystartedinvestingin6Gresearch.Expertspredictthat6Gwillbeavailabletothepublicby2030.Whenitarrives,itwillnotjustbeanupgradefrom5G—itwillbeawholenewwayofconnectingtheworld.29.Howmuchfasteris6Gexpectedtobethan5G?A.10timesfaster. B.50timesfaster. C.100timesfaster. D.200timesfaster.30.Whatis"digitaltwin"technology?A.Awaytodownloadmoviesquickly. B.Avirtualcopyofarealobjectorplace.C.Anewtypeofsmarthomedevice. D.A3Dhologramforcalls.31.Whyis6Gimportantforself-drivingcars?A.Itmakescarslookmoremodern. B.Ithelpscarsdrivefaster.C.Itallowscarstocommunicateinrealtime. D.Itreducesthecostofself-drivingcars.32.Whatisonechallengeindeveloping6G?A.Itistooslowtodownloadvideos. B.Itrequiresnewtechnologieslikeadvancedantennas.C.Itcan'tconnectenoughdevices. D.Itistoocheapforcompaniestoinvestin.【答案】29.C 30.B 31.C 32.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文,聚焦下一代无线通信技术“6G”展开介绍。文章先对比5G,点明6G“速度快100倍、几乎无延迟”的核心优势;接着从关键特性(高速、支持多设备连接)、核心应用场景(数字孪生技术、自动驾驶、全息通话)两大维度,阐述6G对生活、工作、通信的变革性作用;随后指出6G研发面临的挑战(需新技术、更节能网络)及各国的投入情况;最后预测6G将于2030年面向公众,强调其并非5G的简单升级,而是连接世界的全新方式。29.细节理解题(考查6G与5G的速度对比,需提取原文明确的数值信息)。答案解析:选项C符合语境,根据原文第一段第二句“6Gisexpectedtobe100timesfasterthan5G,withalmostnodelay”可知,6G预计比5G快100倍,该选项直接匹配原文表述。排除其他选项:A(10倍)、B(50倍)、D(200倍)均与原文明确提及的“100倍”不符,属于数值混淆,无任何原文依据。30.细节理解题(考查对“数字孪生技术”定义的提取,需找到原文直接解释的句子)。答案解析:选项B符合语境,根据原文第三段第二句“Thisiscalled'digitaltwin'technology.Adigitaltwinisavirtualcopyofarealobjectorplace”可知,“数字孪生技术”的定义是“真实物体或场所的虚拟副本”,该选项是对原文定义的直接复述。排除其他选项:A选项“快速下载电影的方式”是6G“高速”特性的应用,与数字孪生技术无关;C选项“新型智能家居设备”是6G“支持多设备连接”的场景,并非数字孪生技术;D选项“通话用的3D全息图”是6G带来的“全息通话”新通信形式,与数字孪生技术无关。31.细节理解题(考查6G对自动驾驶汽车的重要性,需提取原文中“原因”相关的表述)。答案解析:选项C符合语境,根据原文第四段第二句“Self-drivingcarsneedtocommunicatewitheachotherandwithtrafficlights,roadsigns,andotherinfrastructureinrealtime.With6G'slowdelay,carscanshareinformationinstantly...”可知,6G的低延迟能让自动驾驶汽车“实时通信、即时共享信息”,这是其对自动驾驶重要的核心原因,该选项与原文逻辑一致。排除其他选项:A选项“让汽车更现代”是外观或设计层面的描述,原文未提及6G与汽车“现代感”的关联;B选项“让汽车开得更快”错误,原文强调6G提升自动驾驶的“安全性和可靠性”,而非“行驶速度”;D选项“降低自动驾驶汽车成本”在原文中无任何提及,属于无中生有。32.细节理解题(考查6G研发的挑战,需提取原文明确列出的困难点)。答案解析:选项B符合语境,根据原文第六段第二句“Itrequiresnewtechnologies,likeadvancedantennasandnewtypesofchips”可知,6G研发的挑战之一是“需要新技术,如先进天线和新型芯片”,该选项直接对应原文提及的挑战内容。排除其他选项:A选项“下载视频太慢”错误,原文第二段明确提到6G“能几秒下载全长电影、无缓冲播放8K视频”,高速是其优势而非挑战;C选项“无法连接足够多设备”错误,原文第二段指出6G“能同时支持更多设备”,这是其特性而非挑战;D选项“太便宜导致企业不愿投资”错误,原文第六段提到“许多国家已开始投资6G研究”,且未提及“价格便宜”相关内容,与事实和原文均不符。(D)NewEnergyVehicles:DrivingTowardsaGreenerFutureNewEnergyVehicles(NEVs)—includingelectriccars,hybridcars,andfuelcellcars—arebecomingmoreandmorepopulararoundtheworld.Aspeoplepaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionandgovernmentspromotegreentransportation,NEVsareplayingakeyroleinreducingcarbonemissionsandfightingclimatechange.OneofthebiggestimprovementsinNEVsisbatterytechnology.Earlyelectriccarshadproblemslikeshortdrivingrangesandlongchargingtimes.Butnow,withthedevelopmentoflithium-ionbatteries,manyelectriccarscandriveover500kilometersonasinglecharge—justliketraditionalfuel-poweredcars.Somehigh-endmodelsevenhavearangeofover1,000kilometers.Chargingtimehasalsobeenreduced.Fast-chargingstationscanchargeanelectriccarto80%injust30minutes,makingitmoreconvenientfordailyuse.AnotherimportantdevelopmentinNEVsisautonomousdriving.ManyNEVcompaniesaredevelopingself-drivingtechnology,whichisdividedintodifferentlevels.Level1autonomousdrivingmeansthecarcanhelpwithbasicfunctionslikekeepinginthelaneoradjustingspeed.Level5isfullyautonomous—thecarcandriveitselfinallsituationswithoutanyhumaninput.Rightnow,mostNEVsonthemarkethaveLevel2orLevel3autonomousdriving.Forexample,somecarscanautomaticallystopwhentheyseeapedestrian,orchangelanessafelyonthehighway.Asthetechnologyimproves,fullyautonomousNEVswillbecomemorecommon,makingdrivingsaferandmoreefficient.CharginginfrastructureisalsogrowingrapidlytosupportNEVs.InChina,thereareover3millionpublicchargingpiles—morethananyothercountryintheworld.Thesechargingpilesarelocatedinshoppingmalls,parkinglots,andalonghighways,makingiteasyforNEVownerstochargetheircarswherevertheygo.Somecitiesareevenbuilding"chargingroads"—roadsthatcanchargeelectriccarswhiletheyaredriving.Thistechnologyisstillinthetestingphase,butitcouldsolvetheproblemofchargingtimecompletelyinthefuture.NEVsalsohaveeconomicbenefits.AlthoughtheinitialcostofbuyinganNEVisoftenhigherthanatraditionalcar,thecostofusingandma

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