课时作业(十一)

课时作业(十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解[2024·新课标I卷]In

the

race

to

document

the

species

on

Earth

before

they

go

extinct，

researchers

and

citizen

scientists

have

collected

billions

of

records.

Today，

most

records

of

biodiversity

are

often

in

the

form

of

photos，

videos，

and

other

digital

records.

Though

they

are

useful

for

detecting

shifts

in

the

number

and

variety

of

species

in

an

area，

a

new

Stanford

study

has

found

that

this

type

of

record

is

not

perfect.“With

the

rise

of

technology，

it

is

easy

for

people

to

make

observations

of

different

species

with

the

aid

of

a

mobile

application，”

said

Barnabas

Daru，

who

is

lead

author

of

the

study

and

assistant

professor

of

biology

in

the

Stanford

School

of

Humanities

and

Sciences.

“These

observations

now

outnumber

the

primary

data

that

comes

from

physical

specimens(标本)，

and

since

we

are

increasingly

using

observational

data

to

investigate

how

species

are

responding

to

global

change，

I

wanted

to

know：

Are

they

usable？”Using

a

global

dataset

of

1.9

billion

records

of

plants，

insects，

birds，

and

animals，

Daru

and

his

team

tested

how

well

these

data

represented

actual

global

biodiversity

patterns.“We

were

particularly

interested

in

exploring

the

aspects

of

sampling

that

tend

to

bias(使有偏差)

data，

like

the

greater

likelihood

of

a

citizen

scientist

to

take

a

picture

of

a

flowering

plant

instead

of

the

grass

right

next

to

it，”

said

Daru.Their

study

revealed

that

the

large

number

of

observation-

only

records

did

not

lead

to

better

global

coverage.

Moreover，

these

data

are

biased

and

favor

certain

regions，

time

periods，

and

species.

This

makes

sense

because

the

people

who

get

observational

biodiversity

data

on

mobile

devices

are

often

citizen

scientists

recording

their

encounters

with

species

in

areas

nearby.

These

data

are

also

biased

toward

certain

species

with

attractive

or

eye-catching

features.What

can

we

do

with

the

imperfect

datasets

of

biodiversity？“Quite

a

lot，”

Daru

explained.

“Biodiversity

apps

can

use

our

study

results

to

inform

users

of

oversampled

areas

and

lead

them

to

places—and

even

species—that

are

not

well-sampled.

To

improve

the

quality

of

observational

data，

biodiversity

apps

can

also

encourage

users

to

have

an

expert

confirm

the

identification

of

their

uploaded

image.”（

B

）1.What

do

we

know

about

the

records

of

species

collected

now？A.They

are

becoming

outdated.B.They

are

mostly

in

electronic

form.C.They

are

limited

in

number.D.They

are

used

for

public

exhibition.B（

C

）2.

What

does

Daru’s

study

focus

on？A.Threatened

species.B.Physical

specimens.C.Observational

data.D.Mobile

applications.C（

C

）3.

What

has

led

to

the

biases

according

to

the

study？A.Mistakes

in

data

analysis.B.Poor

quality

of

uploaded

pictures.C.Improper

way

of

sampling.D.Unreliable

data

collection

devices.C（

D

）4.

What

is

Daru’s

suggestion

for

biodiversity

apps？A.Review

data

from

certain

areas.B.Hire

experts

to

check

the

records.C.Confirm

the

identity

of

the

users.D.Give

guidance

to

citizen

scientists.DⅡ.阅读填空[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]A.A

little

self-forgiveness

also

goes

a

long

way.B.Now

list

all

the

characteristics

you

like

about

yourself.C.They

might

even

like

to

have

a

go

at

doing

the

exercise.D.It’s

just

as

important

to

show

yourself

some

forgiveness.E.It

doesn’t

mean

you

have

to

ignore

what’s

happened

or

forget

it.F.Whatever

it

is，no

matter

how

small

it

might

seem，write

it

down.G.Whatever

the

mistake，remember

it

isn’t

a

fixed

aspect

of

your

personality.Personal

ForgivenessTaking

responsibility

for

mistakes

is

a

positive

step，but

don’t

beat

yourself

up

about

them.To

err(犯错)

is

human.

1

⁠

You

can

use

the

following

writing

exercise

to

help

you

do

this.DIn

a

journal

or

on

a

piece

of

paper，put

the

heading

“Personal

strengths.”

2

Are

you

caring？

Creative？

Generous？

A

good

listener？

Fun

to

be

around？

They

don’t

have

to

be

world-changing，just

aspects

of

your

personality

that

you’re

proud

of.BAt

the

top

of

a

second

page，put

the

heading

“Acts

of

kindness.”

On

this

one，list

all

the

positive

things

you’ve

done

for

others.It

might

be

the

time

when

you

helped

a

friend

with

their

homework，when

you

did

the

ironing

without

being

asked，or

when

you

baked

cookies

after

the

family

had

had

a

tiring

day.

3

⁠FYou

could

ask

a

friend

or

family

member

to

help

add

to

your

list.

4

That

way，you

could

exchange

thoughts

on

what

makes

each

of

you

special

and

the

aspects

of

your

personality

that

shine

through.In

fact，

don’t

wait

until

you’ve

made

a

mistake

to

try

this—it’s

a

great

way

to

boost

self-confidence

at

any

time.CIt’s

something

of

a

cliche(陈词滥调)

that

most

people

learn

not

from

their

successes

but

their

mistakes.The

thing

is，it’s

true.

5

We’re

all

changing

and

learning

all

the

time

and

mistakes

are

a

positive

way

to

develop

and

grow.GⅢ.完形填空

The

Shangsi

Festival，also

known

as

the

Double

Third

Festival，is

an

ancient

Chinese

festival

celebrated

on

the

third

day

of

the

third

lunar

month.It

is

a

festival

mainly

1

by

Chinese

ethnic

groups，including

Han

and

Zhuang，to

ward

off

evil

2

and

natural

disasters.（

A

）1.

A.observed

B.invented

C.passed

down

D.

noted（

C

）2.

A.thoughts

B.concepts

C.spirits

D.

mindsACThe

Shangsi

Festival

is

also

a

day

considered

to

be

the

3

.

birthday

of

the

Yellow

Emperor.（

D

）3.

A.precise

B.accurate

C.potential

D.

possibleThere

are

many

theories

about

the

festival’s

true

origins.DSomesayit

4⁠fromadinnerpartyheldonthebanks

oftheQushuiRiverduringtheZhouDynasty.（

B

）4.

A.displays

B.originates

C.outlines

D.

relatesB

5

say

it

comes

from

the

custom

of

getting

6

of

evil

by

bathing

in

the

river.（

A

）5.

A.Others

B.The

others

C.Majorities

D.Minorities（

D

）6.

A.captured

B.hold

C.ridden

D.

ridADOn

this

day，people

would

hold

a

sacrificial

ceremony

by

the

riverside

to

honour

their

ancestors，

7

bathe

in

the

river

with

herbs

to

rid

themselves

of

misfortunes

and

purify

their

bodies.（

B

）7.

A.furthermore

B.then

C.sooner

after

D.

later

onBFollowing

8

，

young

men

and

women

would

go

for

a

spring

outing

based

on

these

scenes

9

in

the

ancient

text，

Shi

Jing(The

Book

of

Songs).（

C

）8.

A.hence

B.such

C.that

D.

one（

D

）9.

A.published

B.polished

C.edited

D.

describedCDThe

10

Wang

Xizhi

from

the

Eastern

Jin

Dynasty

wrote

in

his

Lanting

Xu(Preface

to

the

Poems

Composed

at

the

Orchid

Pavilion)about

how

11

men

took

a

bath

and

composed

poetry

while

drinking

from

cups

left

along

the

12

river.（

B

）10.

A.contemporary

B.liter