湖南省多校联考高三上学期10月月考英语试题

2026届高三第一次联考卷英语命题：武汉名校名师团队联合命制外审：郴州市第一中学、长沙市弘益高级中学注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题15分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howwillthewomangotothepark?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.2.WhoisJack?A.AnagentB.Ateacher.C.Anactor.3.Whyisthewomananxious?A.Shemissedthedeadline.B.Herputerbrokedown.C.Herfilesaremissing.4.Whatdayisittoday?A.Saturday.B.Thursday.C.Tuesday.5.Whatdidthewomanprobablydolastnight?A.Attendingafashionshow.B.Visitinganexhibition.C.Workinginalab.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhydidthemanfailtoconnecttotheInternet?A.Heconnectedtoadifferentnetwork.B.Hegotthepasswordwrong.C.Hejusttriedonce7.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Neighbors.所得少段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whichoftheingredientswasincludedinthedish?A.Stewedbeef.B.Greenpepper.C.Smokedpotato.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecourse?A.Hethinksitisawaste.B.HethinksitisbetterthanbeforeC.Hethinksitisadishcreatedfromageniusrecipe.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisregretfulaboutherchoice.B.Shecreatesthedishtotallyonherown.C.Shecouldhavebeenaprofessionalchef.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.What'sthenewprogramabout?A.Anewschooldesk.B.Anewexerciseroom.C.Anewteachingpattern.12.What'sgoodabouttheprogram?A.Itsavesmoney,B.Itallowsyoutoleavethedesk.C.Ithelpsstudentstostayfocusedinclass.13.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Talkingtotheirteacher.B.Writingtotheheadmaster.C.Sharingthenewswiththeirclassmates.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Anovel.B.Adirector.C.Aninterview.15.Whichofthebooksisthemangoingtoread?A.Tolive.B.CriesintheDrizzle.C.ChronicleofaBloodMerchant.16.Whatwasnotmentionedintheinterview?A.Hislifeexperiences.B.Hisliteratureinfluences.C.Hiswritingphilosophies.17.WhatdidthehostthinkofYubeforetheymet?A.Humorous.B.Intelligent.C.Serious.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdoteenagersusetheircellphonesfor?A.Browsingpages.B.WatchingcartoonsC.SharingtheirlivesontheInternet.19.Howdothebabyboomersreactwhenintroducedtothecellphones?A.Acceptingithappily.B.Havingtroublefollowingthetrend.C.Immersingthemselvesinvideogames.20.WhatdoesPhillipsayabouthisparents?A.Theyaretooloudontheirphones.B.Theyarelessdependentoncellphones.C.Theyareembarrassedabouttheiraddictiontodevices.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIt’swidelyunderstoodthatamentorhasapositiveimpactonone’scareer.Yet,researchshowsthateventhough76%ofprofessionalsthinkmentorsareimportant,only37%currentlyhaveone.Oneofthemanyreasonsforthismismatchcouldbethatpeoplearetoonarrowintheirdefinitionofamentor.Greatmentorscanefromanywhere—theycanbeyoungerandmightevenbeoutsideofthefieldofexpertise.Anyonewhoseopiniononevaluesandtrustscanfillthisrole.Toillustratethatguidancecanefromawidevarietyofpeople,weaskedmembersoftheWyssInstituteatHarvardatvariouspointsintheircareerjourneystosharetheirbestadvice.Here’swhattheysaid:“First:Nothingisimpossible,it’sjustthatnobodyhasfoundawaytoacplishityet.Second:Don’tbedisappointedifreviewersdon’tbelieveinyourwork,it’sabetterreasontoprovethemwrong.”——BogdanBudnik,PrincipalScientist“ThebiggestpieceofadviceIwillgiveistostaycuriousandpersistent.Curiositywillhelpyouinnovate,andpersistencewillhelpyouoveredifficultiesthatyoumightface.Scienceisfullofunexpectedtwistsandturns.It’sonlywithanopenmindanddeterminationthatyouwillturnthoseobstaclesintoopportunities.”——JieJi,PostdoctoralFellow“Don’tbeafraidtoaskquestions!ThebestwayI’vefoundtoinvestinmyeducation,buildconnections,anddevelopresearchskillsisbybeinginquisitiveandcurious.Oneofthebestpartsaboutbeingaresearcherislearningaboutthingsthatareimportantandinteresting,andhavingtheopportunitytoasktheexpertsyouworkwithabouttheirareasofexpertiseisthebesttoolavailable!”——KatieLyon,ResearchAssistant1.WhatadvicedoesBogdanBudnikgive?A.Followyourpassion. B.Raisedoubt.C.Maintaincuriosity. D.Nevergiveup.2.WhatdoJieJi’sandKatieLyon’sadvicehaveinmon?A.Bothhighlightbeingcurious. B.Neitheradmittwistsandturns.C.Bothignoreupsanddowns. D.Neitherpraisebeingopenminded.3.Whoisthepassagemostlikelyintendedfor?A.Ambitiousyoungresearchers. B.Retireduniversityprofessionals.C.SeniormembersatHarvard. D.GreatmentorsoftheWyss.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了导师对职业的积极影响，指出很多人对导师的定义过于狭隘，实际上导师可以来自任何地方，只要其意见被重视和信任。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BogdanBudnik所说的“First:Nothingisimpossible,it’sjustthatnobodyhasfoundawaytoacplishityet.Second:Don’tbedisappointedifreviewersdon’tbelieveinyourwork,it’sabetterreasontoprovethemwrong.(首先：没有什么是不可能的，只是还没有人找到实现它的方法。第二：如果评审人员不相信你的工作，不要失望，这是证明他们错了的更好理由)”可知，BogdanBudnik的建议强调了面对困难和质疑时不应放弃，要证明质疑者的错误，即永不放弃。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据JieJi所说的“ThebiggestpieceofadviceIwillgiveistostaycuriousandpersistent.(我给你们的最大建议是保持好奇心和坚持)”和KatieLyon所说的“Don’tbeafraidtoaskquestions!ThebestwayI’vefoundtoinvestinmyeducation,buildconnections,anddevelopresearchskillsisbybeinginquisitiveandcurious.(不要害怕提问！我发现投资教育、建立联系和发展研究技能的最好方法就是好奇和求知)”可知，JieJi和KatieLyon的建议的共同点是都强调了好奇心的重要性。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Toillustratethatguidancecanefromawidevarietyofpeople,weaskedmembersoftheWyssInstituteatHarvardatvariouspointsintheircareerjourneystosharetheirbestadvice.(为了说明指导可以来自各种各样的人，我们请哈佛Wyss研究所处于职业生涯不同阶段的成员分享了他们最好的建议)”及后文几位研究人员给出的建议可知，文章主要是为那些处于职业生涯早期、寻求指导和建议的研究人员提供的，尤其是那些有抱负的年轻研究人员。故选A。B.U.S.graySundaymorninginMarch,ItoldanAIchatbotmylifestory.Fornearlytwohours,theAIchatbotcollectedmythoughtsoneverythingfromvaccinestoemotionalcopingstrategiestopolicingintheU.S.Whentheinterviewwasover,alargelanguagemodelprocessedmyresponsestocreateanewAIsystemdesignedtoresemblemybehaviorsandbeliefs—akindofdigitalcloneofmypersonality.Aweekaftermyinterview,Imetmygenerativeagent—let’ssay“he”.Itestedhisabilitytomakeinformedguessesaboutmylife,fillingininformationIhadn’tdirectlyprovided.Whenaskedifhisfamilyhaddogsgrowingup,hecorrectlyansweredyes,eventhoughIhadonlytoldtheAIchatbotthatmyparentshavedogstoday.Attimesthoseguesseswereridiculous.Whenaskedtodescribeanembarrassingmomentfromhispast,hemadeupastoryaboutapartyincollegeinwhichhe’dlosthisbalancewhiledancingandfellontoatablefullofsnacks.Thankfully,thatneverhappenedtotherealme.Mostmemorably,thereweremomentsthatfeltlikegenuineinsight.Ihadhadalongstressfulfewmonthsfullofuncertainty.Iaskedhim“What’ssomeadviceyou’dwanttooffertoyourpastself?“Embraceuncertaintyabitmore,”hebegan.Ihadtopause.TheresponsesocloselyechoedthethemesI’dexpresstomyselfinmyjournalthepreviousday.“IthinkIspentalotoftimeworryingaboutthefutureandtryingtocontroleveryaspectofmylife,andthatoftenledtounnecessarystress,”hecontinued.“Iwouldadvisemyselftotrusttheprocessandbemoreopentotheunexpectedpathsthatlifecantake.”Initially,thehumanistinmerefusedgenerativestuff.Silentlyinsistingthatthesoulisalotmorethanadataset.Aftermeetingmydigitaltwin,IwasawarethatImightberudelybigheaded,believingthatputerscouldneverposedecentpoetryoroutmatchhumansinchess.4.Whatdidthelargelanguagemodeldo?A.Itmadeadigitalcloneinstantly.B.Itgatheredtheauthor’sthoughts.C.Itevaluatedtheauthor’semotionsindetail.D.ItbuiltanAImirroringtheauthor’scharacteristics.5.HowdidtheAIanswertheembarrassingmoment?A.Itmadefalseassumptions. B.Itreliedonprovideddetails.C.Itusedanexternaldatabase. D.Itignoredcurrentinformation.6.Whydidtheauthorhavetopauseinparagraph3?A.TheAIrelievedhisunnecessarystress.B.TheAI’swordsmatchedhisprivatethoughts.C.TheAIamazedhimbyitsnovelandwiseinsights.D.TheAIdeniedthebeliefthatcontrolbringscertainty.7.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardsgenerativeAI?A.Remainingresistantthroughouttheexperience.B.Curiousatfirst,thendismissiveofitscreativity.C.Recognizingitsedgeovertraditionalposers.D.Doubtfulinitially,yetrealizinghisownprejudice.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一个灰蒙蒙的三月周日早晨，将自己的生活故事告诉了一个人工智能聊天机器人，该机器人通过处理作者的信息创建了一个模仿作者行为和信仰的AI系统，即作者的数字克隆体。作者随后与这个生成的智能体进行了互动，并对其表现进行了描述和反思。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whentheinterviewwasover,alargelanguagemodelprocessedmyresponsestocreateanewAIsystemdesignedtoresemblemybehaviorsandbeliefs—akindofdigitalcloneofmypersonality.(采访结束后，一个大型语言模型处理了我的回复，创建了一个新的AI系统，旨在模仿我的行为和信仰——一种我的人格的数字克隆)”可知，大型语言模型创建了一个模仿作者行为和信仰的AI系统，即一个反映作者特征的AI。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whenaskedtodescribeanembarrassingmomentfromhispast,hemadeupastoryaboutapartyincollegeinwhichhe’dlosthisbalancewhiledancingandfellontoatablefullofsnacks.(当被要求描述他过去的一个尴尬时刻时，他编造了一个大学聚会上跳舞时失去平衡，摔倒在摆满零食的桌子上的故事)”可知，AI编造了一个故事来回答这个尴尬的时刻，即它做出了错误的假设。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中““Embraceuncertaintyabitmore,”hebegan.Ihadtopause.TheresponsesocloselyechoedthethemesI’dexpresstomyselfinmyjournalthepreviousday.(“再多一点拥抱不确定性，”他开始说道。我不得不暂停一下。这个回答与前一天我在日记中对自己表达的主题如此接近)”可知，作者不得不暂停是因为AI的话与他私下的想法相吻合。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Initially,thehumanistinmerefusedgenerativestuff.Silentlyinsistingthatthesoulisalotmorethanadataset.Aftermeetingmydigitaltwin,IwasawarethatImightberudelybigheaded,believingthatputerscouldneverposedecentpoetryoroutmatchhumansinchess.(起初，我内心的人文主义者拒绝生成性的东西。默默地坚持灵魂远不止是一个数据集。在见到我的数字孪生体后，我意识到自己可能过于自大了，认为计算机永远无法创作出像样的诗歌或在棋艺上超越人类)”可知，作者最初对生成性AI持怀疑态度，但在见到自己的数字孪生体后，他意识到自己可能过于自大了，即他认识到了自己的偏见。故选D项。CArtcanhaveincrediblepoweroverus.Yeteventhemosttimelessandcelebratedpiecescanberuinedbythemarchofthecenturies.Turningbacktheclockcanbeplicated——scientificallyandculturally.Itrequiresasetofskillsrangingfromarchaeologytochemistry.Conservationstartswithmaterialanalysis,whethertheartworkisacloth,sculpture,orpainting.Oneapproachwastoremoveatinypieceofpaintfromanartworktoanalyzelayersofpaintandseehowtheartistoriginallyconstructedit.But,increasingly,artconservationscientistshavebeenabletoadopttechnologiestomaketheanalysisprocesslessinvasive?Theyoftenborrowthesetechnologiesfromotherfields,notablythemedicalfield.CTscanningforinstance,canhelpdoctorspeerintobodies,butitcanalsohelpartconservationexpertsfindtinydetailsinartworks,suchasfingerprintsandtoolmarksthattheycouldn’tseewiththenakedeye——withoutdamagingtheworkitself.Althoughmorehightechcouldbeablessingtothefield,whatartconservationscientistsreallylongforismorecooperationbetweenscientists,nativeexperts,affectedmunitiesandthegeneralpublic.Theyhaverecenteredtheirfocusfromjustwhatapieceofartismadeofandhowtokeepitanshapetotheculturefromwhichtheartworkoriginated“We’restillverymuchsciencebased,butwe’vealsoetorealizeovertimethattheseobjectsinourcarehavevaluesrootedinthem,”saysGlennWharton,chairoftheUCLAProgramintheConservationofCulturalHeritage.“Wealwaystrytoassessthesevalues,whichleadsustowardsmunicatingwithpeoplewhoseculturalheritageitis.”Aswithmostthingsart,whatgetsconservedandwhatdoesn’tusuallyesdowntotimeandmoney.Thenumberofrestorationprojectsisfarmorethantheavailabilityofqualifiedscientistsinthefield.Andhistorically,ithasoftenbeenthemostvaluedworksownedbythewealthythatwererestored.Butwiththeevolvingfield,thisischanging.8.Whatcan“turningbacktheclock”refertoinparagraph1?A.Admiringatimelessartwork.B.Restoringanancientmasterpiece.C.Creatingacopyofacelebratedsculpture.D.Studyingthehistoryofafamouspainting.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“invasive”inparagraph2mean?A.Destructive. B.Defensive. C.Restrictive. D.Expensive.10.Whathaveconservationexpertsprimarilyshiftedtheirfocusto?A.Moderntechnologiesforrestoration.B.Thepositionofartisticmaterials.C.Artworks’culturaloriginsandvalues.D.Artworks’physicalshapesandcolors.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Historicalachievements. B.Practicalchallenges.C.Valuableheritage D.Adequateresources.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍艺术品修复需多领域技能，现借医疗等领域技术减少破坏，专家更关注文化根源与价值，同时提及修复面临时间、资金等挑战。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Yeteventhemosttimelessandcelebratedpiecescanberuinedbythemarchofthecenturies.Turningbacktheclockcanbeplicated——scientificallyandculturally.(然而，即便是最永恒、最著名的艺术品，也可能因岁月流逝而受损。Turningbacktheclock无论是在科学层面还是文化层面，都可能很复杂。)”可知，前文说艺术品因时间受损，后文提及修复需要多领域技能，故“Turningbacktheclock”指“修复古老的杰作”。故选B项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Oneapproachwastoremoveatinypieceofpaintfromanartworktoanalyzelayersofpaintandseehowtheartistoriginallyconstructedit.But,increasingly,artconservationscientistshavebeenabletoadopttechnologiestomaketheanalysisprocesslessinvasive?Theyoftenborrowthesetechnologiesfromotherfields,notablythemedicalfield.CTscanningforinstance,canhelpdoctorspeerintobodies,butitcanalsohelpartconservationexpertsfindtinydetailsinartworks,suchasfingerprintsandtoolmarksthattheycouldn’tseewiththenakedeye——withoutdamagingtheworkitself.(一种方法是从艺术品上取下一小块颜料，分析颜料的分层结构，从而了解艺术家最初是如何创作这件作品的。但如今，艺术品保护科学家们已能逐渐采用新技术，让分析过程更少invasive。他们常会从其他领域借鉴这些技术，尤其是医疗领域。例如，CT扫描既能帮助医生透视人体，也能帮助艺术品保护专家发现艺术品中肉眼无法看到的细微细节，比如指纹和工具痕迹——且整个过程不会对艺术品本身造成损坏。)”可知，旧方法“取下颜料”有破坏性，新方法“不损坏作品”，故invasive意为“破坏性的”，与destructive含义相近。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyhaverecenteredtheirfocusfromjustwhatapieceofartismadeofandhowtokeepitanshapetotheculturefromwhichtheartworkoriginated“We’restillverymuchsciencebased,butwe’vealsoetorealizeovertimethattheseobjectsinourcarehavevaluesrootedinthem,”saysGlennWharton,chairoftheUCLAProgramintheConservationofCulturalHeritage.“Wealwaystrytoassessthesevalues,whichleadsustowardsmunicatingwithpeoplewhoseculturalheritageitis.”(他们已将关注重点重新调整：从单纯研究艺术品的材质构成、如何保存完好，转向了艺术品所属的文化本源。加州大学洛杉矶分校文化遗产保护项目主任格伦・沃顿表示：“我们依然高度依赖科学，但随着时间推移也逐渐意识到，我们所守护的这些物品蕴含着深层价值。我们始终会努力评估这些价值，而这也促使我们去和拥有该文化遗产的人群沟通。”)”可知，保护专家主要将焦点转向了艺术品的文化根源与价值。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Aswithmostthingsart,whatgetsconservedandwhatdoesn’tusuallyesdowntotimeandmoney.Thenumberofrestorationprojectsisfarmorethantheavailabilityofqualifiedscientistsinthefield.Andhistorically,ithasoftenbeenthemostvaluedworksownedbythewealthythatwererestored.Butwiththeevolvingfield,thisischanging.(和艺术领域的多数事情一样，一件艺术品是否会被保护，通常取决于时间和资金。目前，修复项目的数量远多于该领域内合格科学家的数量。从历史上看，往往是富人拥有的、价值最高的艺术品才会得到修复。但随着这个领域的不断发展，这种情况正在改变。)”可知，该段主要讲述艺术品保护面临的“时间、资金、人才短缺”等实际挑战。故选B项。DThefirstchemicalreactionsinthewakeoftheBigBanghavebeenrecreatedforthefirsttimeinconditionssimilartothoseinthebabyUniverseAteamofphysicistsfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinGermanyhasremadethereactionsofHeH⁺,amoleculemadefromahelium(氦)atommixingwithanhydrogenatom,whichexplainssomeoftheearliestprocessesthatgaverisetotheUniverseasweknowittoday.Some13.8billionyearsago,thebirthpainoftheUniverseproducedahotsoupoffundamentalparticles(粒子).Ittookabout380,000yearsforatomstoconcentrateintotheveryfirstelements,about75percentofwhichwerehydrogen.HydrogencontinuestodominatetheUniverse’singredientlisttoday.Noneofthat,however,couldhappenwithoutHeH⁺,amoleculethatscientistsbelieveplayedahugeroleincoolingtheUniverseenoughsothatthemolecularcloudscouldformtheseedsofbabystars.HeH⁺pavedthewayfortheformationofthefirststars.TheresearcherscarefullystudiedinteractionsbetweenHeH⁺andahydrogenatomwithoneextraneutron(中子)init,knownasdeuterium(氘).Theychangedthetemperaturetoseeiftemperatureplayedaroleinthereactionrate.Itdidnot.Therateatwhichthereactiontookplaceremainedsteady,regardlessofthetemperature—suggestingthattheroleHeH⁺playedintheearlyUniversedidnotdeclineascoolingunfolded,andthatitsroleintheformationofthefirstgenerationofstarswasasignificantone.“Previoustheoriespredictedasignificantdecreaseinthereactionprobabilityatlowtemperaturesbutwewereunabletoprovethis,”physicistHolgerKreckelexplains.“ThereactionsofHeH⁺withneutralhydrogenanddeuteriumthereforeappeartohavebeenfarmoreimportantforchemistryintheearlyUniversethanpreviouslyassumed.”12.WhatroledidHeH⁺playintheUniverse?A.Coolingbabystars. B.Mixingasoupofatoms.C.Loweringthetemperature. D.Formingearliestdeuterium.13.WhatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutHeH⁺?A.Itbeeslesseffectiveatalowertemperature.B.Temperaturehaslittleeffectonitsreactionrates.C.Temperatureisthekeyfactortoitssteadyreaction.D.Itcaninteractwithdeuteriumfasterthanhydrogen.14.WhydoestheauthorquotephysicistHolgerKreckel?A.Toproveassumptionswrong.B.Tocriticizethenewexperiment.C.Toconfirmprevioustheories.D.TostressHeH⁺’sunexpectedworth.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFormationofEarlyStars. B.Deuterium’sImportance.C.TheRecreationofFirstChemistry. D.NewBigBang’sParticles.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了德国马克斯·普朗克核物理研究所的物理学家团队首次在类似婴儿宇宙的条件下重现了大爆炸后的首批化学反应，并详细介绍了HeH⁺在宇宙形成过程中所起的作用。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Noneofthat,however,couldhappenwithoutHeH⁺,amoleculethatscientistsbelieveplayedahugeroleincoolingtheUniverseenoughsothatthemolecularcloudscouldformtheseedsofbabystars.(然而，若没有HeH⁺（氦合氢离子），这一切都不可能发生。科学家认为，这种分子在冷却宇宙的过程中发挥了巨大作用——它使宇宙冷却到足以让分子云形成早期恒星的“种子”。)”可知，氦合氢离子（HeH⁺）在宇宙中扮演了降低温度的角色。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theychangedthetemperaturetoseeiftemperatureplayedaroleinthereactionrate.Itdidnot.Therateatwhichthereactiontookplaceremainedsteady,regardlessofthetemperature.(他们改变了温度，以观察温度是否会对反应速率产生影响。结果表明，温度并无影响——无论温度如何变化，反应的进行速率始终保持稳定。)”可知，温度对氦合氢离子（HeH⁺）的反应速率影响不大。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Previoustheoriespredictedasignificantdecreaseinthereactionprobabilityatlowtemperatures,butwewereunabletoprovethis,”physicistHolgerKreckelexplains.“ThereactionsofHeH⁺withneutralhydrogenanddeuteriumthereforeappeartohavebeenfarmoreimportantforchemistryintheearlyUniversethanpreviouslyassumed.”(物理学家霍尔格・克雷克尔解释道：“先前的理论预测，低温下该反应的概率会大幅下降，但我们始终未能证实这一点。因此，氦合氢离子（HeH⁺）与中性氢、氘的反应，对于早期宇宙的化学演化而言，其重要性似乎远超此前的设想。”)”可知，作者引用物理学家霍尔格·克雷克尔的话是为了强调氦合氢离子（HeH⁺）意想不到的价值。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ThefirstchemicalreactionsinthewakeoftheBigBanghavebeenrecreatedforthefirsttimeinconditionssimilartothoseinthebabyUniverse.(大爆炸之后发生的首批化学反应，首次在模拟早期宇宙的环境中被成功重现。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是首次化学的重现。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Assummerunfoldsandmoreofusspendtimeoutside—hiking,swimming,gardening,camping,orsimplyenjoyingapicnicinthepark—it’seasytoreconnectwithwhatweloveaboutthenaturalworld.____16____It’sinourrivers,lakes,forests,beaches—andinourpackaging,andhabits.Thegoodnews?It’salsooneofthemostsolvableenvironmentalcrisesofourtime.Aswesoakuptheseason,wemayalsogivebacktowhatbringsusjoy.Rethinksingleusehabits.Skipplasticwaterbottlesorbags.Investinareusablekit:awaterbottle,aclothnapkin,andatoteyoucankeepinyourcar.____17____Participateinamicrocleanup.____18____Youdon’tneedtowaitforanorganizedevent—justcarryingagloveandsmallbagcanturnawalkintoaquietactofdevotion.____19____Whetheryou’rehikinginthewoodsorlyingonthebeach,leavenotrace.Evenbiodegradable(可降解的)items(likeorangepeelsorpaper)candisruptecosystems.Bringasmallcontainerfortrashandrecyclingsonothinggetsleftbehind.Beamodel.Ifyou’respendingtimeoutsidewithkids,friends,ormunitygroups,usethemomenttogentlysharewhyitmatters.____20____A.Chooseplasticfreeitems.B.Packitin,packitout—always.C.However,plasticpollutiondoesn’ttakeavacation.D.Anyway,wecanfindtonsofgarbageinoureverydaylifeE.Asmallaction,witnessedbyothers,cansparkcollectivechange.F.Makeitahabittopickupafewpiecesoftrashduringeveryouting.G.Onethoughtfulswitchcaneliminatehundredsofthrowawayitems.【答案】16.C17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕夏季户外活动时如何应对塑料污染、回馈自然展开，提出了重新审视一次性用品使用习惯、参与小型清洁活动、带走垃圾、以身作则这四个具体可行的建议。【16题详解】上文“Assummerunfoldsandmoreofusspendtimeoutside—hiking,swimming,gardening,camping,orsimplyenjoyingapicnicinthepark—it’seasytoreconnectwithwhatweloveaboutthenaturalworld.(随着夏季的到来，我们更多人会花时间在户外——徒步旅行、游泳、园艺、露营，或者只是在公园里享受野餐——很容易重新感受到我们对自然界的热爱)”说明了夏季人们享受户外自然的美好场景，后文“It’sinourrivers,lakes,forests,beaches—andinourpackaging,andhabits.(它存在于我们的河流、湖泊、森林、海滩中——也存在于我们的包装和习惯中)”提到了“它”的广泛存在，结合语境“它”指塑料污染，此处需要一个转折句引出塑料污染的问题。选项C

“然而，塑料污染可不会放假。”以转折的方式指出在人们享受夏季户外时光时塑料污染依然存在，承接上文的美好场景，引出下文对塑料污染的论述。故选C。【17题详解】上文“Skipplasticwaterbottlesorbags.Investinareusablekit:awaterbottle,aclothnapkin,andatoteyoucankeepinyourcar.(不要使用塑料水瓶或塑料袋。购买一套可重复使用的用品：水瓶、布餐巾和一个可以放在车里的手提袋)”说明了放弃一次性塑料制品、使用可重复用品的做法。选项G

“一个深思熟虑的转变就能减少数百件一次性用品。”承接上文，强调了这种使用习惯转变带来的积极效果。故选G。【18题详解】上文“Participateinamicrocleanup.(参与小型清洁活动)”提出了参与小型清洁活动的建议，下文“Youdon’tneedtowaitforanorganizedevent—justcarryingagloveandsmallbagcanturnawalkintoaquietactofdevotion.(你不需要等待有组织的活动——只要带上手套和小袋子，散步就可以变成一种默默的奉献行为)”进一步说明如何开展小型清洁活动。选项F“每次外出时养成捡几片垃圾的习惯。”具体阐述了小型清洁活动的做法，承接上文的建议，也为下文的补充说明提供了具体内容。故选F。【19题详解】空处为本段小标题。下文“Whetheryou’rehikinginthewoodsorlyingonthebeach,leavenotrace.Evenbiodegradableitems(likeorangepeelsorpaper)candisruptecosystems.Bringasmallcontainerfortrashandrecyclingsonothinggetsleftbehind.(无论你是在树林里徒步旅行还是躺在海滩上，都要不留痕迹。即使是可降解的物品（比如橘子皮或纸）也会破坏生态系统。带上一个小容器装垃圾和可回收物，这样就不会有任何东西被留下)”主要讲述了外出时要将产生的垃圾全部带走，不留下痕迹。选项B“带进来的东西，一定要带出去。”概括了下文的核心内容，可以作为小标题。故选B。【20题详解】上文“Ifyou’respendingtimeoutsidewithkids,friends,ormunitygroups,usethemomenttogentlysharewhyitmatters.(如果你和孩子、朋友或社区团体一起在户外，利用这个机会温和地分享这为什么很重要)”说明了在户外时向身边人分享环保的重要性。选项E“一个被他人目睹的小行动，就能引发集体的改变。”承接上文，强调了个人以身作则、分享环保理念带来的积极影响。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OneeveningIhadjustefromthecarwashandwaswaitingformywifetogetoutofwork.ingmywayfromacrosstheparkinglotwas,whatsocietywould____21____,abum.Fromthe____22____ofhim,hehadnocar,nohome,nocleanclothes,andnomoney.Therearetimeswhenyoufeel____23____butthereareothertimesthatyoujustdon’twanttobe____24____.Thiswasexactlyoneofthosetimes.“Ihopehedoesn’taskmefor____25____,”Ithought.Hedidn’t.Itwasafterafewminutesthathespoke.“That’saverynicecar,”hesaid.Hewasinragsbuthadanairof____26____aroundhim.Isaid,“Thanks,”andcontinued____27____mycar.HesattherequietlyasIworked.The____28____begformoneynevercame.Asthe____29____betweenuswidened,somethinginsidemesaid,“Askhimifheneedsanyhelp.”Iwassurethathewouldsayyes,____30____Iheldtruetotheinnervoice.Iexpected____31____butagreedyhand.“Doyouneedanyhelp?”Iasked.Heansweredinthreesimplebut____32____wordsthatIshallneverforget.“Don’tweall?”hesaid.Weoftenlookfor____33____ingreatmenandwomen.Weexpectitfromthoseofhigherlearningandacplishments.OfcourseIneededhelp.Maybenotforbusfareoraplacetosleep,butIneededit.Nomatterhowmuchyouhave,youneedhelptoo.Inthesameway,nomatterhow____34____youarewithproblems,youcangivehelp.Thosethreelittlewordsstill____35____truetillthisday.21.A.consider B.support C.dismiss D.notice22.A.words B.notes C.looks D.signs23.A.thoughtful B.generous C.remarkable D.desperate24.A.selected B.restricted C.questioned D.bothered25.A.money B.food C.help D.mercy26.A.innocence B.dignity C.peace D.vision27.A.wiping B.pulling C.driving D.praising28.A.abandoned B.assumed C.included D.rejected29.A.distance B.difference C.silence D.resistance30.A.for B.and C.but D.so31.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing32.A.aggressive B.normal C.profound D.steady33.A.wealth B.wisdom C.independence D.patience34.A.engaged B.loaded C.connected D.disappointed35.A.alarm B.flash C.strike D.ring【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.A28.B29.C30.C31.D32.C33.B34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在停车场遇到一个流浪汉，对方没有乞讨，而是用一句深刻的话回应了作者提供帮助的询问，让作者意识到无论贫富，每个人都有需要帮助和给予帮助的时候。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从停车场对面朝我走来的人，用社会的眼光来看，是个流浪汉。A.consider认为；B.support支持；C.dismiss解散；D.notice注意到。根据下文“abum”以及描述的流浪汉的形象“hehadnocar,nohome,nocleanclothes,andnomoney.”可知，此处指这个人是社会“认为”的流浪汉的样子，强调社会对流浪汉的标签化观点。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从他外表看，他没有车，没有家，没有干净的衣服，也没有钱。A.words话语；B.notes笔记；C.looks外表；D.signs迹象。根据下文“hehadnocar,nohome,nocleanclothes,andnomoney.”可知，此处指从他的“外表”进行的判断。故选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候你会愿意慷慨解囊，但有时候你就是不想被打扰。A.thoughtful体贴的；B.generous慷慨的；C.remarkable非凡的；D.desperate绝望的。根据上文“abum”、下文“begformoneynevercame”以及空后“butthereareothertimesthatyoujustdon’twanttobe”的转折可知，此处指面对流浪汉有时候愿意“慷慨帮助”，但有时候不想他们向自己乞讨。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.selected选择；B.restricted限制；C.questioned询问；D.bothered打扰。根据上文“There