高一英语（人教版）试题必修一阅读久久为功UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS

附：《阅读·久久为功》一、背主题名句，写大气文章1．(教材名句)LivetoTell:RaisingAwareness,ReducingMortality.用生命呼吁：增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡。2．Natureiskindofalovingmother,butalsoabutcherincoldblood.—VictorHugo大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。——维克多·雨果3．Disastersarenotterrible,butwhatisterribleisthatthereisnohopeinourhearts.灾难并不可怕，可怕的是我们的心中没有了希望。4．Inthefaceofdisaster,thegreateststrengthistoworktogether,andbeunitedasone.灾难面前，最伟大的力量就是齐心协力，众志成城。5．Thedisasterisheartless,butmanhasemotions.灾难无情人有情。二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“屋”课文1THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEP(地球的不眠之夜)StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcrackseq\o(thatappearedinthewellwalls,\s\do4(①)).Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygaseq\o(ingoutofit,\s\do4(②)).Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldseq\o(lookingforplacestohide,\s\do4(③))，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.[课文对译]河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。[难句破解]①句：that引导定语从句，修饰cracks,that在从句中作主语，不能省略。②句：ingoutofit是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。③句：lookingforplacestohide是现在分词短语作伴随状语。At3：42a．m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofthepeopleeq\o(wholivedthere,\s\do4(④))weredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeopleeq\o(whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake,\s\do4(⑤))wasmorethan400,000.[课文对译]凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。[难句破解]④⑤句：who引导定语从句，修饰people,who在从句中作主语。eq\o(Everywheresurvivorslooked,\s\do4(⑥))，therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.eq\o(Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.,\s\do4(⑦))[课文对译]幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。[难句破解]⑥句：everywhere引导地点状语从句。⑦句：howlong引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorseq\o(whosehomeshadbeendestroyed,\s\do4(⑧)).Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.[课文对译]然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。[难句破解]⑧句：whose引导定语从句，修饰survivors,whose在从句中作定语修饰homes。Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbeeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.[课文对译]唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。课文2TheDailyNews(每日新闻)TSUNAMIHITSASIA：OVER6,500DEADByRobertWoodhouseMonday,27December2004Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamieq\o(thatcrashedintocoastlines,\s\do4(①))acrossAsiayesterday,eq\o(killingmorethan6，500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andat,\s\do4(②))leastfourothercountries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewaveseq\o(causedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0,\s\do4(③)).Theunderseaquakestruckaround7：00a．m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.Inthatareaalone,atleast1,870peoplewerekilled.[课文对译]海啸袭击亚洲——6500余人丧生罗伯特·伍德豪斯星期一2004年12月27日昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7时许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1870人死亡。[难句破解]①句：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词tsunami，that在从句中作主语。②句：现在分词短语作结果状语。③句：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰hugewaves；其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词earthquake。InSriLanka,some1,600kilometreswestofthequakecentre,thenumberofdeathsstoodat2,498,andonemillionmorewereaffectedbythetsunami,governmentofficialssaid.Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.Another254werefounddeadinThailandand54inthreeothercountries.InsouthernThailand,1900peoplewerehurtandmanymoreweremissing,localofficialssaid.“eq\o(Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstarted,\s\do4(④))fillingmyhome.Wehadtoleaveeverythingandruntosafety，”saidChandraTheeravit,alocalThaiwoman.[课文对译]政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1600千米处，死亡人数高达2498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。”[难句破解]④...型bedoingsth.when...表示“正在做某事，这时……”。Thousandsofpeoplearestillmissing,andthenumberofdeathsisexpectedtogrowevenhigheroverthenextfewdays.Foreignaidisbeingorganisedforthetsunami－hitcountries.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswilleq\o(makeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies,\s\do4(⑤)).[课文对译]仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。[难句破解]⑤...t是形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语todeliver...是真正的宾语，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢1．disastern． 灾难；灾害2．tornadon. 龙卷风；旋风3．droughtn. 旱灾；久旱4．landsliden．(landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡5．slidevi.&vt. (使)滑行；滑动6．tsunamin. 海啸7．floodn. 洪水；大量vi. 淹没；大量涌入vt. 使灌满水；淹没8．volcaniceruption 火山喷发9．magnituden. 震级；重大10．rescuen．&vt. 营救；救援11．damagevt. 损害；破坏n. 损坏；损失搭配|do/causedamageto 对……造成损害12．destroyvt. 摧毁；毁灭13．evacuatevt. 疏散；撤出vi. 撤离14．helicoptern. 直升机15．deathn. 死；死亡拓展|diev. 死亡16．affectvt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动17．sheltern. 避难处；居所；庇护vt. 保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)18．crackn. 裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt. (使)破裂19．gasn. 气体；燃气；汽油20．asif 似乎；好像；仿佛21．ruinn．&vt. 破坏；毁坏inruins 严重受损；破败不堪22．percentn. 百分之……adj.&adv. 每一百中23．brickn. 砖；砖块24．metaln. 金属25．shockn. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. (使)震惊inshock 震惊；吃惊26．electricityn. 电；电能27．trapvt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套n. 险境；陷阱28．buryvt. 埋葬；安葬搭配|buryoneselfin＝beburiedin 埋头于；专心于29．breathevi.&vt. 呼吸拓展|breathn. 呼吸30．revivevt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒revivaln. 振兴；复苏31．effortn. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力32．unifyvi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体33．wisdomn. 智慧；才智拓展|wiseadj. 明智的34．contextn. 上下文；语境；背景35．suffervt. 遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦搭配|sufferfrom 遭受……36．volcanon. 火山37．eruptvi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出38．supplyn． 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt. 供应；供给39．typhoonn. 台风40．intheopenair 露天；在户外41．hurricanen. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风42．survivevi. 生存；存活vt. 幸存；艰难度过43．powern. 电力供应；能量； 力量；控制力44．tapvi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲45．pipen. 管子；管道46．whistlevi. 吹口哨；发出笛声vt. 吹口哨n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声47．emergencyn. 突发事件；紧急情况48．calmadj. 镇静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇静搭配eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(keepcalm保持镇静,calmdown平静下来))49．aidn. 援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt. 帮助；援助50．kitn. 成套工具；成套设备firstaidkit 急救箱51．onhand 现有(尤指帮助)52．crashvt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击n. 撞车；碰撞53．sweepvt.&vi. 打扫；清扫sweepaway 消灭；彻底消除54．waven. 海浪；波浪vi.&vt. 挥手；招手55．strikevi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击56．delivervt.&vi. 递送；传达vt. 发表57．summaryn. 总结；概括；概要搭配|insummary 总的来说58．effectn. 影响；结果；效果搭配|haveaneffecton 对……有影响59．lengthn. 长；长度四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用(一)单元写作任务范文背诵写作话题1火灾简讯昨天本市山里发生的火灾导致半数森林被毁，引起社会各界的极大关注。据警方调查，火灾是由路人丢弃的烟蒂引起的。请根据火灾情况给学校广播站写一篇英语简讯，内容包括：1.发生的时间、地点；2.影响和各界对此的反应；3.你的态度。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。[推荐范文]Aterriblefirebrokeoutinamountaininourcityyesterday,destroyinghalfoftheforest.fire.Luckilysobigthatitlastedfivehours.Tooursorrow,halfoftheforestwasdestroyedbythefire.Luckily,thefirefightershurriedthereatonceandfoughtagainstitbravely,andnoonewasinjured.Accordingtothepolice,theterriblefirewascausedbyalivecigaretteendwhichwasthrowncarelesslybyapasser－by.Theterribleaccidenthastaughtusalessonthatusefulmeasuresshouldbetakentopreventforestfires.写作话题2校园爱心义卖活动假定你是李华，上周日，为了帮助南方洪灾地区受灾群众重建家园，你校举办了校园爱心义卖活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动时间、地点及参加人员；2.活动过程；3.活动反响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[推荐范文]ACharitySalefortheFlood－StrickenAreasLastSunday,ourschoolheldacharitysaleontheplaygroundtoraisemoneyfortheflood－strickenareas.Allthestudentstookpartinit.At8：00am,ourheadmastermadeastatementannouncingtheopeningofthecharitysale.Andthenavarietyofthingsmadebyusstudentsweresold.Eventually,weearned5,000yuananddonatedthemoneytothecharity.Thankstotheenthusiasmandselflessnessdisplayedbystudents,thiseventturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.Werealizedthatallofuscanmakeacontributiontooursociety.(二)单元主题优美语段背诵语段1描述内心的变化MyfacepressedagainstthewindowtightlyandIfoundithardtobreathe.Havingsummonedupenoughcourage,Istrainedmyeyestocatchaglimpseofwhathappenedoutside,nervousandanxious.Outofthepitchdarkemergedtheoutlineoftwofiguresfumblingtheirwayacrossthedriveway.Anoutburstofjoyfuldelightsurgingthroughme,Idasheddownstairs,threwopenthedoor,andhuggedmydaughtertightly.Dropsoftearstumbleddownmycheeks,mistingmyeyes.我的脸紧紧贴在窗户上，发现难以呼吸。鼓起足够的勇气，我紧眯双眼，竭力看清外面的状况，心里又紧张又焦虑。一片漆黑中两个人的身影浮现出来，在车道上摸索前行。顿时一阵兴奋涌来，我冲下楼梯，推开门，与女儿紧紧相拥。大颗大颗的泪珠顺着我的脸颊滚落下来，模糊了我的双眼。语段2庞贝城的末日景象Theawfulnightrolledslowlyaway,andthedawngreylybrokeonTHELASTDAYOFPOMPEII!Thecrowdlookedupwards,andsaw,withunspeakablefear,ahugecloudshootingfromthetopofthevolcano.Ittooktheformofahugetree:thetrunk,blackness,thebranches,fire!Thisfiremovedandchangedincolourwitheverymoment:nowitwaswildlybright,nowofapaleanddyingred,andnowagainitburntwithanunbearablelight!可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魆魆的；枝叶，那是火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定：时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知时尚悦读气候变暖或使人类变小Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshri