2024年06月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第1套）-含听力音频.-2025秋新仁爱版八上英语

点击播放听力2024年06月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Thereisagrowingawarenessoftheimportanceofdigitalliteracyandskillsintoday’sworld.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Youshouldcopythesentencegiveninquotesatthebeginningofyouressay.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Replytotheman’slastproposalwithinashorttime.B)Signtheagreementifonesmallchangeismadetoit.C)Makeasponsorshipdealforherclientatthemeeting.D)Givethemansomegoodnewsregardingthecontract.2.A)Theyarebecomingimpatient.C)Theyareusedtomakingalterations.D)Theyareconcernedaboutthedetails.C)Toavoidanyconflictofinterest.D)Toreduceunfaircompetition.B)Theyareafraidtimeisrunningout.3.A)Topreventgeographicaldiscrimination.B)Totapthefoodandbeveragemarket.4.A)Itisapotentialmarketforfoodandbeverage.B)Itisveryattractiveforrealestatedevelopers.C)Itisanegligiblemarketforhiscompany.D)Itisverydifferentfromothermarkets.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theyarethrilledbyarareastronomicphenomenon.B)Theyarecelebratingabigeventonmountaintops.C)Theyareenthusiasticaboutbigscience-relatedstories.D)TheyarejoinedbyastronomersallacrossNorthAmerica.6.A)Itwillbethemostformidableofitskindinoveracentury.B)ItwillcomeclosesttoEarthinmorethanonehundredyears.C)Itwilleclipsemanyothersucheventsinhumanhistory.D)ItwillbeseenmostclearlyfromDenver’smountaintops.7.A)Ablur.B)Stars.C)Theedgeofourgalaxy.D)Anordinaryflyingobject.8.A)Useprofessionalequipment.B)Climbtothenearbyheights.C)Fixtheireyesduenorth.D)Makeuseofphoneapps.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Whetherconsumersshouldbewarnedagainstultra-processedfoods.B)Whetherthereissufficientscientificconsensusondietaryguidelines.C)Whetherguidelinescanformthebasisfornutritionadvicetoconsumers.D)Whetherfoodscientistswillagreeontheconceptofultra-processedfoods.10.A)Bythelaborcostforthefinalproducts.B)Bythedegreeofindustrialprocessing.11.A)Increasedconsumers’expenses.B)Greaterriskofchronicdiseases.C)Bytheextentofchemicalalteration.D)Bytheconventionofclassification.C)People’smisunderstandingofnutrition.D)Children’sdislikeforunprocessedfoods.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theybegintothinkofthebenefitsofconstraints.B)Theytrytoseeksolutionsfromcreativepeople.C)Theytryhardtomaximizetheirmentalenergy.D)Theybegintoseetheworldinadifferentway.13.A)Itischaracteristicofallcreativepeople.B)Itisessentialtopushingsocietyforward.C)Itisacreativeperson’sresponsetolimitation.D)Itisanimpetustosocio-economicdevelopment.14.A)Scarcityorabundanceofresourceshaslittleimpactonpeople’screativity.B)Innovativepeoplearenotconstrainedinconnectingunrelatedconcepts.C)Peoplehavenoincentivetouseavailableresourcesinnewways.D)Creativepeopletendtoconsumemoreavailableresources.15.A)Itiskeytoacompany’ssurvival.B)Itshapesandfocusesproblems.C)Itisessentialtomeetingchallenges.D)Itthrivesbestwhenconstrained.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Becausetheyarelearned.B)Becausetheycomenaturally.C)Becausetheyhavetobeproperlypersonalized.D)Becausetherecanbemoreeffectivestrategies.

17.A)Theextentofdifferenceandofsimilaritybetweenthetwosides.B)Theknowledgeofthespecificexpectationtheothersideholds.C)Theimportanceofone’sgoalsandoftherelationship.D)Theapproachesoneadoptstoconflictmanagement.18.A)Thefox.C)Theshark.B)Theowl.D)Theturtle.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Helpsavespeciesfromextinctionandboosthumanhealth.B)Understandhowplantsandanimalsperishedoverthepast.C)Helpgatherinformationpubliclyavailabletoresearchers.D)FindoutthecauseofextinctionofBritain’s66,000species.20.A)Itwasoncedominatedbydinosaurs.C)Itsprospectsdependonfuturehumanbehaviour.B)Ithasenteredthesixthmassextinction.D)Itsclimatechangeisaggravatedbyhumans.21.A)Itdwarfsallothereffortstoconserve,protectandrestorebiodiversityonearth.B)Itiscostlytogetstartedandrequiresthejointeffortsofthousandsofscientists.C)Itcanhelptobringbackthelargenumbersofplantsandanimalsthathavegoneextinct.D)Itisthemostexciting,mostrelevant,mosttimelyandmostinternationallyinspirational.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Culturalidentity.B)Socialevolution.C)TheCopernicanrevolution.D)Humanindividuality.23.A)Itisadelusiontobedisposedof.C)ItisamythspreadbyJohnDonne’spoem.B)Itisprevalentevenamongacademics.D)Itisrootedinthemindsetofthe17thcentury.24.A)HebelievesinCopernicanphilosophicaldoctrinesabouttheuniverse.B)HehasgainedamplescientificevidenceattheUniversityofReading.C)Hehasfoundthatourinnerselfandmaterialselfareinterconnected.D)Hecontendsmostofourbodycellscanonlyliveafewdaysorweeks.25.A)Bycomingtoseehowdisruptivesuchproblemshavegottobe.B)Byrealisingthatweallcandoourownbitinsuchendeavours.C)Bybecomingawarethatwearepartofabiggerworld.D)Bymakingjointeffortsresolutelyandpersistently.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.It’squiteremarkablehowdifferentgenresofmusiccansparkuniquefeelings,emotions,andmemories.Studieshaveshownthatmusiccanreducestressandanxietybeforesurgeriesandweareallattractedtowardourownuniquelifesoundtrack.

Ifyou’relookingto26stress,youmightwanttogiveclassicalmusicatry.Thesoundsofclassicalmusicproduceacalmingeffectletting27pleasure-inducingdopamine(多巴胺)inthebrainthathelpscontrolattention,learningandemotionalresponses.Itcanalsoturndownthebody’sstressresponse,resultinginanoverallhappiermood.Itturnsoutapleasantmoodcanleadto28inaperson’sthinking.Althoughtherearemanygreat29ofclassicalmusiclikeBach,BeethovenandHandel,noneoftheseartists’musicseemstohavethesamehealtheffectsasMozart’sdoes.Accordingtoresearchers,listeningtoMozartcanincreasebrainwaveactivityandimprove30function.AnotherstudyfoundthatthedistinctivefeaturesofMozart’smusictriggerpartsofthebrainthatareresponsibleforhigh-levelmentalfunctions.Evenmaternity31useMozarttohelpnewbornbabiesadapttolifeoutsideofthemother’sbelly.Ithasbeenfoundthatlisteningtoclassicalmusicreducesaperson’sbloodpressure.Researchersbelievethatthecalmingsoundsofclassicalmusicmayhelpyourheartfromstress.Classicalmusiccanalsobeagreattooltohelppeoplewhohavetrouble3233sleeping.Onestudyfoundthatstudentswhohadtroublesleepingsleptbetterwhiletheywerelisteningtoclassicalmusic.Whetherclassicalmusicissomethingthatyoulistentoonaregularbasisornot,itwouldn’t34totaketimeoutofyourdaytolistentomusicthatyoufind35.Youwillbesurprisedathowgooditmakesyoufeelandthepotentiallypositivechangeinyourhealth.A)alleviateB)clarityF)inhibitingG)interrogationH)intrinsicallyI)looseK)mandatoryL)recoverC)cognitiveD)composersE)hurtM)significantlyN)soothingO)wardsJ)majesticSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheCuriousCaseoftheTreeThatOwnsItselfA)InthecityofAthens,Georgia,thereexistsarathercuriouslocallandmark—alargewhiteoakthatisalmostuniversallystatedtoownitself.Becauseofthis,itisconsideredoneofthemostfamoustreesintheworld.Sohowdidthistreecometoownitselfandthelandaroundit?B)Sometimeinthe19thcenturyaGeorgiancalledColonelWilliamJacksonreportedlytookalikingtothesaidtreeandendeavoredtoprotectitfromanydanger.Astowhyheloveditso,theearliestdocumentedaccountofthisstoryisananonymouslywrittenfrontpagearticleintheAthensWeeklyBannerpublishedonAugust12,1890.Itstates,“Col.Jacksonhadwatchedthetreegrowfromhischildhood,andgrewtoloveitalmostashewouldahuman.Itsluxuriantleavesandsturdylimbshadoftenprotectedhimfromtheheavyrains,andoutofitshighestbrancheshehadmanyatimegottentheeggsofthefeatheredsingers.Hewatcheditsgrowth,andwhenreachingaripeoldagehesawthetreestandinginitsmagnificentproportions,hewaspainedtothinkthatafterhisdeathitwouldfallintothehandsofthosewhomightdestroyit.”C)Towardsthisend,Jacksontransferredbymeansofadeedownershipofthetreeandalittlelandaroundittothetreeitself.Thedeedread,“W.H.Jacksonforandinconsiderationofthegreataffectionwhichhebearsthesaidtree,andhisgreatdesiretoseeitprotectedhasconveyeduntothesaidoaktreeentirepossessionofitselfandofalllandwithineightfeetofitonallsides.”D)Intime,thetreecametobesomethingofatouristattraction,knownasTheTreeThatOwnsItself.However,intheearly20thcentury,thetreestartedshowingsignsofitsslowdeath,withlittlethatcouldbedoneaboutit.Fathertimecomesforusalleventually,evenouroftenlonglived,tallandleafyfellowcustodians(看管者)ofEarth.Finally,onOctober9,1942,theover30metertalland200-400yearoldtreefell,rumorhasit,asaresultofaseverewindstormand/orviahavingpreviouslydiedanditsrootsrotted.E)Aboutfouryearslater,membersoftheJuniorLadiesGardenClub(who’dtendedtothetreebeforeitsunfortunatedeath)trackeddownasmalltreegrownfromanuttakenfromtheoriginaltree.AndsoitwasthatonOctober9,1946,underthedirectionofProfessorRoyBowdenoftheCollegeofAgricultureattheUniversityofGeorgia,thislittletreewastransplantedtothelocationofitsancestor.Acoupleofmonthslater,anofficialceremonywasheldfeaturingnoneotherthantheMayorofAthens,RobertLMcWhorter,tocommemoratetheoccasion.F)ThisnewtreebecameknownasTheSonoftheTreeThatOwnsItselfanditwasassumedthat,astheoriginaltree’sheir,itnaturallyinheritedthelanditstoodon.Ofcourse,therearemanydozensofothertreesknowntoexistdescendingfromtheoriginal,aspeopletakinganutfromittogrowelsewherewasacertainty.Thatsaid,todate,noneoftheoriginaltree’sotherchildrenhavepetitionedthecourtsfortheirshareoftheland,soitseemsallgood.Inanyevent,TheSonoftheTreeThatOwnsItselfstillstandstoday,thoughoftenreferredtosimplyasTheTreeThatOwnsItself.G)ThisallbringsusaroundtowhetherJacksoneveractuallygavelegalownershipofthetreetoitselfinthefirstplaceandwhethersuchadeedislegallybinding.H)Well,tobeginwith,itturnsoutJacksononlyspentaboutthreeyearsofhislifeinAthens,startingattheageof43from1829to1832,sortofdismissingtheideathathelovedthetreefromspendingtimeunderitasachildandwatchingitgrow,andthenworryingaboutwhatwouldhappentoitafterhedied.Further,anextensivesearchoflandownershiprecordsinAthensdoesnotseemtoindicateJacksoneverownedthelandthetreesitson.I)Hedidliveonalotoflanddirectlynexttoitforthosethreeyears,butwhetherheownedthatlandornotisn’tclear.Whateverthecase,in1832afouracreparcel,whichincludedthelandthetreewasonandtheneighboringlandJacksonlivedon,amongothers,wassoldtoUniversityprofessorMalthusAWard.Inthetransaction,Wardwasrequiredtopay

Jacksonasumof$1,200(about$31,000today),eitherforthepropertyitselforsimplyincompensationforimprovementsJacksonhadmadeonthelot.Intheend,whetherheeverownedtheneighboringlotorwassimplyallowedtouseitwhileheallegedlyworkedattheUniversity,hedefinitelyneverownedthelotthetreegrewon,whichisthemostimportantbitforthetopicathand.J)AfterProfessorWardpurchasedtheland,Jacksonandhisfamilypurchaseda655acreparcelafewmilesawayandmovedthere.Tenyearslater,in1844,JacksonseemedtohavecomeintofinancialdifficultiesandhadhislittleplantationseizedbytheClarkeCountySheriff’sofficeandauctionedofftosettlethemortgage.Thus,hadheownedsomelandinAthensitself,includingthelandthetreesaton,presumablyhewouldhavesoldittoraisefundsorotherwisehadittakenaswell.K)Andwhateverthecasethere,Jacksonwouldhaveknownpropertytaxesneededtobepaidonthedeededlandforthetreetobetrulysecureinitsfuture.Yetnoaccountorrecordindicatesanytrustorthelikewassetuptofacilitatethis.L)Ontopofallthis,thereisnohardevidencesuchadeedeverexisted,despitethefactthatdeedrecordsinAthensgobackmanydecadesbeforeJackson’sdeathin1876andthatitwassupposedtohaveexistedin1890inthearchivesaccordingtotheoriginalanonymousnewsreporterwhoclaimstohaveseenit.M)Asyoumightimaginefromallofthis,fewgivecredittothissideofthestory.Sohowdidallofthiscomeaboutthen?N)ItisspeculatedtohavebeeninventedbytheimaginationofthesaidanonymousauthorattheAthensWeeklyBannerintheaforementioned1890frontpagearticletitled“DeededtoItself”,whichbythewaycontainedseveralelementsthataremuchmoreeasilyprovedtobefalse.Astowhytheauthorwoulddothis,it’sspeculatedperhapsitwasa19thcenturyversionofaclick-baitthoughtexerciseonwhetheritwouldbelegalforsomeonetodeedsuchanon-consciouslivingthingtoitselfornot.O)Whateverthecase,thenextknowninstanceoftheTreeThatOwnsItselfbeingmentionedwasn’tuntil1901intheCentennialEditionofthatsamepaper,theAthensWeeklyBanner.Thisfeaturedanotheraccountveryclearlyjustcopyingtheoriginalarticlepublishedaboutadecadebefore,onlyslightlyreworded.Thenextaccountwasin1906,againintheAthensWeeklyBanner,againveryclearlycopyingtheoriginalaccount,onlyslightlyreworded,the19thcenturyequivalentofre-postswhentheaudiencehasforgottenabouttheoriginal.36.Jacksonwassaidtohavetransferredhisownershipoftheoaktreetoitselfinordertoprotectitfrombeingdestroyed.37.NoproofhasbeenfoundfromanextensivesearchthatJacksonhadeverownedthelandwheretheoaktreegrew.38.Whenitwasrainingheavily,Jacksonoftentookshelterunderabigtreethatissaidtoownitself.39.ThereisnoevidencethatJacksonhadmadearrangementstopaypropertytaxesforthelandonwhichtheoaktreesat.40.ProfessorWardpaidJacksonoveronethousanddollarswhenpurchasingapieceoflandfromhim.41.Itissaidthetreethatowneditselffellinaheavywindstorm.

42.Thestoryoftheoaktreeissuspectedtohavebeeninventedasathoughtexercise.43.Jackson’slittleplantationwasauctionedofftosettlehisdebtinthemid-19thcentury.44.Anofficialceremonywasheldtocelebratethetransplantingofasmalltreetowhereitsancestorhadstood.45.ThestoryoftheTreeThatOwnsItselfappearedinthelocalpaperseveraltimes,withslightalterationsinwording.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisirrefutablethatemployeesknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Sowhydon’tmoreemployeesintervenewhentheyseesomeoneexhibitingat-riskbehaviorintheworkplace?Thereareanumberoffactorsthatinfluencewhetherpeopleintervene.First,theyneedtobeabletoseeariskysituationbeginningtounfold.Second,thecompany’scultureneedstomakethemfeelsafetospeakup.Andthird,theyneedtohavethecommunicationskillstosaysomethingeffectively.Thisisnotstrictlyaworkplaceproblem;it’sagrowingproblemoffthejobtoo.Everydaypeoplewitnessthingsonthestreetandchoosetostandidlyby.Thisisknownasthebystandereffect—themorepeoplewhowitnessanevent,thelesslikelyanyoneinthatgroupistohelpthevictim.Thepsychologybehindthisiscalleddiffusionofresponsibility.Basically,thelargerthecrowd,themorepeopleassumethatsomeoneelsewilltakecareofit—meaningnooneeffectivelyintervenesoractsinamomentofneed.Thiscrowdmentalityisstrongenoughforpeopletoevadetheirknownresponsibilities.Butit’snotonlyfrontlineworkerswhodon’tmakesafetyinterventionsintheworkplace.Therearealsoinstanceswheresupervisorsdonotinterveneeither.Whenagroupofemployeesseesunsafebehaviornotbeingaddressedataleadershiplevelitcreatestheprecedentthatthisishowthesesituationsshouldbeaddressed,thusdefiningthesafetycultureforeveryone.Despitethefactthatworkersareencouragedtointervenewhentheyobserveunsafeoperations,thishappenslessthanhalfofthetime.Fearistheultimatefactorinnotintervening.Thereisafearofpenalty,afearthatthey’llhavetodomoreworkiftheyintervene.Unsuccessfulattemptsinthepastareanotherstrongcontributingfactortowhypeopledon’tintervene—theytendtoprefertodeferthatactiontosomeoneelseforallfuturesituations.Onmanyworksites,competentworkersmustbeappointed.Partoftheirjobistointervenewhenworkersperformataskwithouttheproperequipmentoriftheconditionsareunsafe.Competentworkersarealsorequiredtostopworkfromcontinuingwhenthere’sadanger.Supervisorsalsoplayacriticalrole.Evenifacompetentpersonisn’trequired,supervisorsneedabroadsetofskillstonotonlyidentifyandalleviateworkplacehazardsbutalsobuildasafetyclimatewithintheirteamthatsupportsinterveningandopencommunicationamongthem.

Beyondcompetentworkersandsupervisors,it’simportanttoeducateeveryonewithintheorganizationthattheyareobligedtointerveneiftheywitnessapossibleunsafeact,whetheryou’readesignatedcompetentperson,asupervisororafrontlineworker.46.Whatisoneofthefactorscontributingtofailureofinterventioninfaceofriskybehaviorintheworkplace?A)Slacksupervisionstyle.C)Unforeseeablerisk.B)Unfavorableworkplaceculture.D)Blockedcommunication.47.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“diffusionofresponsibility”(Line4,Para.3)?A)Themorepeoplearearound,themoretheyneedtoworryabouttheirpersonalsafety.B)Themorepeoplewhowitnessanevent,thelesslikelyanyonewillventuretoparticipate.C)Themorepeopleidlingaroundonthestreet,themorelikelytheyneedtakingcareof.D)Themorepeoplearearound,thelesschancesomeonewillstepforwardtointervene.48.Whathappenswhenunsafebehaviorattheworkplaceisnotaddressedbytheleaders?A)Noonewillintervenewhentheyseesimilarbehaviors.B)Everyonewillseeitastheeasiestwaytodealwithcrisis.C)Workershavetotakeextracautionexecutingtheirduties.D)Workersarelefttotakecareoftheemergencythemselves.49.Whatistheultimatereasonworkerswon’tactwhentheyseeunsafeoperations?A)Preferenceofdeferringtheactiontoothers.B)Anticipationofleadershipintervention.50.Whatiscriticaltoensuringworkplacesafety?C)Fearofbeingisolatedbycoworkers.D)Fearofhavingtodomorework.A)Workersbetrainedtooperatetheirequipmentproperly.B)Workersexhibitingat-riskbehaviorbestrictlydisciplined.C)Supervisorscreateasafetyenvironmentfortimelyintervention.D)Supervisorsconducteffectivecommunicationwithfrontlineworkers.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theterm“environmentalist”canmeandifferentthings.Itusedtorefertopeopletryingtoprotectwildlifeandnaturalecosystems.Inthe21stcentury,thetermhasevolvedtocapturetheneedtocombathuman-madeclimatechange.Thedistinctionbetweenthesetwostrandsofenvironmentalismisthecauseofasplitwithinthescientificcommunityaboutnuclearenergy.Ononesidearepuristswhobelievenuclearpowerisn’tworththeriskandtheexclusivesolutiontotheclimatecrisisisrenewableenergy.Theopposingsideagreesthatrenewablesarecrucial,butsayssocietyneedsanamountofpoweravailabletomeetconsumers’basicdemandswhenthesunisn’tshiningandthewindisn’tblowing.Nuclearenergy,beingfarcleanerthanoil,gasandcoal,isanaturaloption,especiallywherehydroelectriccapacityislimited.LeonClarke,whohelpedauthorreportsfortheUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,isn’tanuncriticalsupporterofnuclearenergy,butsaysit’savaluableoptiontohaveifwe’reseriousaboutreachingcarbonneutrality.

“Coretoallofthisisthedegreetowhichyouthinkwecanactuallymeetclimategoalswith100%renewables,”hesaid.“Ifyoudon’tbelievewecandoit,andyoucareabouttheclimate,youareforcedtothinkaboutsomethinglikenuclear.”Theachievabilityofuniversal100%renewabilityissimilarlycontentious.CitiessuchasBurlington,Vermont,havebeen“100%renewable”foryears.Butthesecitiesoftenhavesmallpopulations,occasionallystillrelyonfossilfuelenergyandhavesignificantrenewableresourcesattheirimmediatedisposal.Meanwhile,countriesthatmanagetorunoffrenewablestypicallydosothankstoextraordinaryhydroelectriccapabilities.Germanystandsasthebestcasestudyforalarge,industrializedcountrypushingintogreenenergy.ChancellorAngelaMerkelin2011announcedEnergiewende,anenergytransitionthatwouldphaseoutnuclearandcoalwhilephasinginrenewables.Windandsolarpowergenerationhasincreasedover400%since2010,andrenewablesprovided46%ofthecountry’selectricityin2019.Butprogresshashaltedinrecentyears.Theinstabilityofrenewablesdoesn’tjustmeanenergyisoftennotproducedatnight,butalsothatsolarandwindcanoverwhelmthegridduringtheday,forcingutilitiestopaycustomerstousetheirelectricity.LagginggridinfrastructurestrugglestotransportthisoverabundanceofgreenenergyfromGermany’snorthtoitsindustrialsouth,meaningmanyfactoriesstillrunoncoalandgas.Thepoliticallimithasalsobeenreachedinsomeplaces,withcitizensmeetingtheconstructionofnewwindturbineswithloudprotests.TheresultisthatGermany’sgreenhousegasemissionshavefallenbyaround11.5%since2010—slowerthantheEUaverageof13.5%.51.Whataccountsforthedividewithinthescientificcommunityaboutnuclearenergy?A)Attentiontocombatinghuman-madeclimatechange.B)Emphasisonprotectingwildlifeandnaturalecosystems.C)Evolutionoftheterm‘greenenergy’overthelastcentury.D)Adherencetodifferentinterpretationsofenvironmentalism.52.Whatisthesolutiontoenergyshortageproposedbypurists’opponents?A)Relyingonrenewablesfirmlyandexclusively.B)Usingfossilfuelandgreenenergyalternately.C)Optingfornuclearenergywhennecessary.D)Limitingpeople’snon-basicconsumption.53.WhatpointdoestheauthorwanttomakewithcitieslikeBurlingtonasanexample?A)Itiscontroversialwhetherthegoalofthewholeworld’sexclusivedependenceonrenewablesisattainable.B)Itiscontentiouswhethercitieswithlargepopulationshaverenewableresourcesattheirimmediatedisposal.C)Itisarguablewhethercitiesthatmanagetorunoffrenewableshavesustainablehydroelectriccapabilities.D)Itisdebatablewhethertraditionalfossilfuelenergycanbedoneawaywithentirelythroughouttheworld.54.WhatdowelearnaboutGermanyregarding