书面表达中的高级结构（解析版）-高考英语一轮考点复习

________手向20书面表达中的高级结构

一、高级词汇结构演化

I.occur替换thinkof

Suddenly1hadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.—»

Anideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.

Iloccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.

2.devote替换spend

Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.—>

Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.

3.seek替换want/lookfor

Theysought(wanted)tohidethemselvesbehindthetrees.

4.average替换ordinary

I'manaverage(ordinary)student.

5.but替换very

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.—>

Thefilmwcsawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasanythingbutboring.

6.seat替换sit

Onhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated(sitting)bytheroad,lookingworried.

7.suppose替换should

Heissupposedto(should)havedrivenmoreslowly.

8.appreciate替换thank

Thankyouverymuchforyouhelp.—>

Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch,iYourhelpismuchappreciated.

9.thecase替换true

Idon'tthinkitisthecase(true).

10.on替换assoonas

Assoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.—►

Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch.

11.dueto替换becauseof

Hearrivedlatedueto(becauseof)thestorm.

12.cover替换walk/read

Aftercovering(walking)10miles,weallfelttired.

13.contributeto替换behelpful/useful

PlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.—>

PlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.

14.roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby

①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner(coming).Doyouhaveanyplans?

②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner(nearby).15.conictolight替换discover

Thefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.—>

Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.

16.haveaball替换haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself

Aftervisitingtheworkshop,wewentbacktoschool.Everyoneofushadaball(hadagoodtime).

17.comeupwith替换thinkof

Jackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith(thinksof)newideas.

18.seiaside替换save

Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.

19.beof+n.替换adj.

Theproductsarcofhighquality(verygood)andarcsoldeverywhereinChina.

20.referto替换talkabout/of,mention

Theprofessoryoureferredto(talkedabout)isveryfamous.

21.cannotbut/cannothelpbut替换havetodo

Icouldnotbut(hadto)gohome.

22.moreoften(hannot替换usually

Moreoftenthannot(Usually),themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.

23.lest替换sothat/inorderthat

IwrotedownhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.—*

IwrotedownhistelephonenumberlestI(should)forgetit.

24.belongforsth./belongtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishfor

Iwanttoseeyouverymuch.—►Iamlongtoseeyou.

25.becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换beinterestedin

Heiscaughtupin(veryinterestedin)collectingstamps.26.morethan替换very

①I'mverygladtolearnthatyouarccoininginSeptember.—>

ImmorethangladtolearnthatyouarccominginSeptember.(NMET2003)

②IfthereisanythingIcandofbryou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.

27.perfect(ly)替换good/verywell

Hespeaksperfect(good)English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly(verywell).

28.dosba/thefavor替换help

Wouldyoupleasedomethefavor(helpme)to(urndowntheradio?

29.theotherday替换afewdaysago

TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.(NMET1997)

30.inthecourseof替换during

Inthecourseof(During)themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.

31.themajorityof替换most

Themajorityof(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.

32.consistof替换bemadeupof

Ourclassconsistsof(ismadeupof)50students.

33.bewornout替换betired/broken

①Afterfivehours'non-stopwork,wewereallwornout(tired).

②Myshoesarewornout(broken).Pleasebuymeanewpair.

二、高级句型结构选用

♦It句型

(1)Ilwillbe+sometime+before,,

③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.（2002上海卷）

④Mayallyourdreamscometrue!Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!（2007年湖南卷）

♦被动语态

①Opinionsarcdividedonthequestion.（NMET2002）

②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinleachingforeignstudents.（2（X）4全国卷IV）

③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.（2004江苏卷）

♦巧妙的改写

（I）Only改成noonebut

OnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.—>NoonebutTompassedtheexam.

（2）assoonas,，改成Nosooner„than„/Hardly„when,/Inimediately„/Themoment

Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.

（3）havesb/sthdo/donc

Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken（herlegwasbroken.）.

（4）变换插入语的位置

①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.—>Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.

②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou'velearnedChinese.—>

Thisisagoodchanceforyou.Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou'velearnedChinese.

（5）用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicyclefbrseveraldays.—>

Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.

Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.

♦其它

（1）注重句子的开头

①用with复合结构开头

Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadlowavegoodbyetotheworkers.

Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.（2006年湖南卷）

Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownload

whatwewant.（2009年江苏卷）

②用非谓语动词形式开头

i）InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.

ii）Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.

（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句：长句子并非越长越好）

三、观点陈述高级句型示例

（一）批驳句型

1.Itistruethatbutonevitalpointisbeingleftout.

2.Thereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamoreimportantfact.

3.Somepeoplesaybutitdocsnotholdwater.

4.Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...

5.Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.

6.Itirakesnosensetoarguefbr...

7.Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...

8.Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...

9.Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...

（二）比较句型

I.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.

2.TheadvantagesofAarcmuchgreaterthanthoseofB.

3.Arr.aybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...

4.Itisreasonabletomaintainthat...butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...

5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.

7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.

8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB.

9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

10.AandBdifferinseveralways.

11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

12.Peopleusedtothinkbutthingsarcdifferentnow.

13.ThesameistrueofB.

14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

15.ItistruethatA,butthechieffaults（obviousdefects）are...

（三）表示“数据”的常用句型

1.hadthelargestpercentage/proportionof...

2.account(s)fbr/take(s)up10%...

3.ComparedwithA.Bhasahigherpercentage.

4.Onthetopofthelistof...,whichaccountsfor60%.

5.Atthebottomis...,whichtakesup20%.

6.AissecondtoB.

7.Aisrankcd/ratcdfirst,followedbyBat30%andCat25%.

(四)表示“说明”的常用句型

1.Aswecanseefromthechart/graph/table/diagram...

2.Thechart'graph/table/diagramshows/displaysthat...

3.As/Canbeshowin/Accordingtothechart/graph/Uble/diagram...

4.Theflgures/statisticsinthechartreflect/show/reveal(that)...

5.Thechart/graph/table/diagramillustrates/describes...

6.Itisclear/apparent/fromthechart/graph/table/diagram...

(五)提出解决方案的常用句型

I.Thefirstkeyfactortosolvethisproblem...Anotherkeyfactoris...

2.Peoplehavefoundmanysolution/approachestodealingwiththisproblem.

3.Thenhowshouldwesolvethisproblem?Herearesomesuggestionwhichmaybesomeofhelp.

4.Facedwith...weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.

5.Itishightime...Hereareafewexamplesthatmightbetakenimmediately.

6.Weneeditlakeafresh/dear/lookat(hismatter/situationinanewperspective/fromawinderstandpoint.Otherwise,we

won'tcomeanywherenearsolvingit.

7.Itisessential/indispcnsable/thatproperaction/effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoreversethissituation/trend.

8.Noeffective/simplesolutioncanbeathand/tackletheproblemof...Butthegeneralfirststepintherightdirection.

(六)分析原因常用句型

1.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Foronething...Foranother...

2.Whathascontributedtothisproblem?Inthefirstplace...Inthesecondplace...

3.Perhapsthemain/primary/mostimportantreasonis...

4.Itisnoeasytoidentifythereasonfor...whichinvolveseveralcomplicatedfactors.

5.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfbr/lcadto/contributcto/rcsultin/bcconductiveto...

6.Onemaytrace/attributethisproblemto...

7.Thisproblemmayresultfrom/largelydueto/stemfromacombinationoffactors.

8.Theexplanationforthisphenomenoninvolvesmanycomplexreasons...

9.Thereareavarietyofreasonsforthisphenomenon.

10.Therearethreereasonsfbrthis.

(七)表示“说明”的常用句型

1.Aswccanseefromthechar^graph/tablc/diagrain...

2.Thechart/graph/tablc/diagramshows/displaysthat...

3.As/Canbeshowin/Accordingtothechart/graph/table/diagram...

4.Thefigures/statisticsinthechartreflect/show/reveal(that)...

5.Thechart/graph/table/diagramillustrates/describes...

6.Itisclear/apparent/fromthechart/graph/table/diagram...

【检测训练】

I.假定你是李华，你班的交换生Mike因在“用英语讲中国故事”比赛中表现欠佳而心情低落。请你给他写一封电

子邮件，内容包括：

1.进行安慰；

2.写作提示原因；

3.提出建议。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

DearMike,

I'msorrytohearthatyoudidn'tperformwellinthecontestof"TellingChineseStoriesinEnglish"andthatyou're

feelingdown.Actually,asaforeigner,you'vetriedyourbest.

Anyhow,youshouldn'tloseheart.Instead,youshouldanalyzethecauseofyourfailure.AsIcansee,youweren't

wellpreparedforitasyoudidn'tunderstand(hestorywellandlackedpracticeinstorytelling.

IthinkyoushouldspendmoretimereadingmoreChinesestoriesandpractisetellingChinesestorieswithmeor

yourotherChinesefriends.I'msureyouwillmakegreatprogress.

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua

2.假定你是李华，前天是Anne的生日，但你忘了赴约。请根据以下内容向Anne写一封道歉信。内容包括：

1.说明原因；

2.表达歉意；

3.补救的办法。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：

3.信中不能出现与本人相关的真实信息。

【参考范文】

DearAnne.

IamsorrytosaythatIdidn,tattendyourbirthdaypartythedaybeforeyesterday.SoI'mwritingtomakean

apology.

Itwasveryniceofyoutoinvitemetoyourbirthdayparty.Butasuddenstomachachestruckmygrandmother.So

worriedwasIthatItookhertothenearesthospitalwithoutdelay.Becausemyparentsbothwentonbusiness,Ihadto

lookafterheronmyown.TherewasnodoubtthatIforgottheappointment.Ihopeyoucanunderstandmysituationand

forgiveme.Isiipossibleforus(ohaveaprivatemeetingnexiSaturday?Lookingforward(oyourearlyreply!

Dcstwishes!

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

3.学校英语报社向学生征文，主题是“Greatchangesinrecentyears”。请根据下列要点完成短文。

1.工作方面的变化；

2.生活方面的变化；

3.你的感想。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyfieldsinrecent

years.

【参考范文】

Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyfieldsinrecent

years.

Aboveall,whatimpressesmemostisthatwecangetajobmoreeasilythaneverbefore.Mostofthehardworkcan

bedonebymachinesorthroughcomputersinanefficientway.

Whenitcomestoourlife,thereisnodoubtthatweallfeelveryhappy.Notonlycanwegelthebasicnecessities,

butalsowehavemoreaccesstoentertainment.Forexample,afterabusyweekwecangotothenearesttourist

attractionswithourfamilytoenjoyourselves.

Allinall,wearelivinginaharmoniousandprosperouscountry.Onlybyunitingtogetherwillwehaveahappier

future

4.假定你是李华，美国朋友Linda想来你所在的城市学习中国古典舞蹈，来信向你咨询相关信息，请你给她回

信，内容包括：

I.写信目的；

2.推荐舞蹈教师;

3.表达希望。

注意、：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

DearLinda,

I'mhappytohearthatyouwillcometomycitynextmonthandexpressmywarmestwelcometoyou.

BecauseyouarefondofChineseclassicaldanceandreallywanttolearnit.IrecommendLilytoyou.Having

majoredinChineseclassicaldanceinuniversityanddevotedtoilforages,Lilybecomesoneof(hebestclassicaldance

teachersinmycity.Besides,sheiseasy-goingandwarm-heartedaswell,withwhoseinstruction,Idobelieveyouwill

makeprogresssoon.

Isincerelyhopemyrecommendationishelpfultoyou,Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

5.假定你是李华，作为校英文报的记者，你打算与外教Denny预约一次采访。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：

I.采访时间：周一下午2点整；2.采访地点：外教办公室；

3.采访内容：如何提高英语阅读和写作能力。

注意：1.词数80左右；开头结尾己给，不算在总字数之内。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearTerry.

Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

【参考范文】

DearDenny,

I'mLiHua,areporterfromourschoolEnglishnewspaper.I'mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucanmeetmefbran

interview（wothisMondayafternooninyouroffice.

Improvingreadingandwritingabilityisveryimportanttousstudents.Someofushavegreattroublereading

Englishmaterials,especiallyfamousoriginalworks.What'sworse,moststudentscannotexpressthemselvesinproper

writtenEnglish.Youknowalargepartofourexamconsistsofreadingandwriting,whereweeasilylosemarks.We

needsomeadviceonhowtoimproveourreadingandwritingability.Tdappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimeand

giveussomeadvice.

Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

6.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所洽段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Sigridfinishedmilkingthecowandsteppedoutofthebarnintothecoldair.Itwasalmostsummer,buticebergs

stillfilledthenarrowsea.Shesetthebucketdown,onlytofindthatthemilkreachedmerelyhalfwaytothetop.Ifwe

don'tgetmorefoodsoon,shethoughtanxiously,wewillhavetoeatthecow.Andthenwhatwillwedo?

GrandfatherusedtotellherthatwhentheirNorseancestorsfirstcametoGreenland,thefieldswererichwithgrass.

Butinrecentyears,theclimatehasbeengettingcolderandthesummersshorter.Whenhergrandfatherwasalittleboy,

therewereasmanyasfifteencowsinthefamily'sbarn.Nowthereisjustone.Andthefamilyhasbarelyenoughhayto

feedi（.

Agustofwindsendingachilldownherspine,Sigridstuffedherhandsintothepocketstowarmthem.Herfingers

felthermostprizedpossession,apieceofredclothshe'dhadsinceshewasasmallgirl.Shetooktheclothoutofher

pocketandletitunfold.1（wasbarelylongerthanherarm.Butitsbrilliantcolourwasbrightagainstthestark（荒凉的）

landscape.Theclothhadoncebeenpartofadress—inhappier,moreprosperoustimes.Nobodydresseslikethat

anymore.

Withice-filledseas,shipsnolongerarrivewithfoodsandgoodstotrade.Allofasudden,movementonthewater

caughtSigrid'seye.Alightboatmovedsilentlybetweentheicebergs.AnInukboy,aboutSigrid'sage,waslookingher

way,staringattheredclothfluttering（飘动）inthebreeze.Ahuntingweaponwastiedtothefrontofhisboat.And

draggingbehinditwasalargefish.SigridknewtherehadbeenfightsbetweentheInuitandtheNorse.Duttheboyhada

kindfaceanddidnotreachforhisweaaon.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Shecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhattodo.

Theboyputtheclothintohispocketandreturnedtohisboat.

【参考范文】

Shecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhattodo.Whenshewaswonderingiftherewouldbeanotherfightbetween

them,shefoundtheboywaskindanddidn'tmeantohurther.Sigridwasdesperatetogetthelargefishbecauseoflacking

food.Theboywasstaringattheredcloth.Agoodideaoccurredtoher,maybeshecoukitrytoexchangethepreciouscloth

withhisfish.Shesummonedupthecouragetoasktheboynervously“Wouldyouliketogetthebrilliantcloth?Itbelongs

toyouonconditionthatyousharethefishwithme.”

Theboypultheclothintohispocketandreturnedtohisboat.Hereleasedthefishandheldittothegirl.Thegirl

thankedhimjoyfully.Hcwaswillingiomakethedealinthatheknewitwashardforthemtogettliroughtherough

timcs.Althoughtherewasfightsbetweentheirpcople.thcboywaseagertopatchup.Anditwasagoodopportunitytodo

themafavor.SeeingtherelievedexpressiononSigrid'sface,theboyknewhemadeit.

【写作提示】

本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了虽然快到夏天，但是格陵兰岛空气寒冷，海面上仍然布满了冰山。西格丽德挤完

了牛奶，却发现牛奶只够到桶顶的一半。如果我们不能很快得到更多的食物，她焦虑地想，我们将不得不吃掉这

头牛。然后不知道一家将如何生存?突然，一因纽特男孩划船出现，他的船头绑着一件猎枪。它后面拖着一条大

鱼。西格丽德用珍贵的红布和男孩换来了食物。

7.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所洽段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为15()左

右。

Awaterbearerhadtwolargepots,eachhungoneachendofapolewhichhecarriedacrosshisneck.Oneofthe

potshadacrackinit,andwhiletheotherpotwasperfectandalwaysdeliveredafullportionofwaterattheendofthe

longwalkfromthestreamtothemaster'shouse,thecrackedpotarrivedonlyhalffull.

Forafulltwoyears,thiswentondaily,withthebearerdeliveringonlyoneandahalfpotsfullofwaterinhis

master'shouse.Ofcourse,theperfectpotwasproudofitsaccomplishments,perfecttotheendforwhichitwasmade.

Butthepoorcrackedpotwasashamedofitsownimperfectionandmiserablethatitwasabletoaccomplishonlyhalfof

whatithadbeenmadetodo.

Aftertwoyearsofwhatitperceivedtobeabitterfailure,itspoketothewaterbeareronedaybythestream."Iam

ashamedofmyself,andIwanttoapologizetoyou".Thebearerasked,"Why?Whatareyouashamedof?"Thepot

replied,"ForthesepasttwoyearsIamabletodeliveronlyhalfofmyloadbecause(hiscrackinmysidecauseswaterto

leakoutallthewaybacktoyourmaster'shouse.Becauseofmyflaws,youdon'tgetfullvalueforyourefforts".

Thewaterbearerfeltsorryfortheoldcrackedpot,andinhiscompassion,hesaid,"Aswereturntothemaster's

house,Iwantyoutonoticethebeautifulflowersalongthepath."Astheywentupthehill,theoldcrackedpottooknotice

ofthesunwarmingthebeautifulwildflowersonthesideofthepath,andthischeereditsomewhat.Butattheendofthe

trail,itstillfeltbadbecauseithadleakedouthalfitsload,andsoagainitapologizedtothebearerforitsfailure.

Paragraph1:

“Didyounoticethattherewereflowersonlyonyoursideofyourpath,butnotontheotherpot'sside?"Thebearer

saidto(hepot.

Paragraph2:

We'reallcrackedpotsandeachofushasourownuniqueflaws.

【参考范文】

Para1:"Didyounoticethattherewereflowersonlyonyoursideofyourpath、butnotontheotherpot'sside?”The

bearersaidtothepot."That'sbecauseIhavealwaysknownaboutyourflaws,andItookadvantageofit.Iplantedflower

seedsonyoursideofthepath,andeverydaywhilewewalkbackfromthestream,you'vewateredthem.FortwoyearsI

havebeenabletopickthesebeaulifulHowerstodecoratemytableandgracemyhouse."Thesewords,likeawann

current,flowedintotheoldcrackedpoi'sguiltyheartandforcedittoreflectonitstruevalue.

Para2:We'reallcrackedpotsandeachofushasourownuniqueflaws.Inthisworld,nothinggoestowaste.

Nothingisgoingtodenyyouexceptyourself.Don'tbeafraidofyourflaws,acknowledgethem,andtakeadvantageof

them,andyoucanbethecauseofbeauty.Youmaythinkthatyouarcinefficientoruselessincertainareasofyourlife

justlikethecrackedpot,butsomehowtheflawswehavecan(urnouttcbeablessingindisguise(因祸得福).Atthe

thoughtofthis,theoldcrackedpotwidenedashiningsmileasifconvincedtoundertakeits“newdualtasks''willingly.

【写作提示】

本文以人物为线索展开，