阅读理解之推理判断题（原卷版）-高考英语一轮考点复习

考向23阅读理解之推理判断题

推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理

解文童的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上,

从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。

提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest（推断，暗指）等词。对付

这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文

章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章

的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的：分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典

的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。

这种问题的提问方式通常有：

1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecan

inferthat.

2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.../Whatcanwelearnfrom...?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat...

3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.

5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatwcshould.

6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat...toshow.

7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin?

8.Theauthor'sattitudetoward...is?

9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas?

这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据逞问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内

容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当

注意以下几点：

1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，

句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生

完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，

从而得出符合文章原意的结论。

3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、

练合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。

4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻

辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。

5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细

节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法：迅速在材料中

确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。

推理判断题常见有以下形式：

1.细节推断题

要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要

从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。

【典例示例】

（2019•新课标I卷，B）N.Y.CanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andright

nowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8yearoldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwho

wouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe's,nervrous."I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe"Id,"a

pronunciationdifficultyformanynonnativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whispering

support.”...Votefbr...me..."Exceptforsomestumbles.Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoa

niceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthe

beginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyou

makemistakes.4iIttakesalotfbranystudent,nWhaleyexplains,"especiallyfbrastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheir

newlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,41don'tknow,butIwanttoknow.'"

Whaleygottheideaofthissecondgradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraise

theirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisabout

morethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）about（hemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourselfandyourbestqualities/'Whaleysays,“isverydifficultfbrachildwhocameintothe

classroomnotfeelingconfident.''

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto________.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents'publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents'lovefbrpolitics

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.

【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述ThomasWhaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲

课程。

26.A

【解析】推理判断题◎根据倒数第二段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakin

public.HewantsthesekidstolearntoboasiaboutIhemselves.以及最后一段uboastingaboutyourself,andyourbest

qualities/'Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.可知，这彳、

课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生

来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。

27.C

［解析］推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaleygottheideaofthissecondgradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenhe

askedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和最后一段Hewants

thesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一

个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous幽默的，

ambitious有雄心壮志的;caring关心的：demanding要求高的。故选C。

2.因果推断题

要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的

内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，

从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。

【典例不例】（2019•全国卷III,C）

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.

Today$8orS10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetlicseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.

Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershad

littleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwas

takingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

The（rend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Ilmeant

anyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthe

street.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapers

before1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswere

almostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthe

priceofsinglecopieswasseldomapennyusuallytwoorthreecentswaschargedandsomeof(heolderwellknownpapers

chargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper*'caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdid

indeedsellforonlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)were

immediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesireto

changethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthof(hepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D.Itwasadisasterfbrprinters.

【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。

29.C

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买的到报纸。

结合第三段中间的“streetssalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplacedineasterncities”可知，报纸的街头俏售随处可

见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。分析选项可知C符合题，故选C。

31.A

【解析】推理判断撅。第二段“Thetrend,then,was"pennypaper*及最后一段“Thenewtrendofnewspapersfor

'themanonthestreet*didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswereimmediatelyfailures.Publishersalready

inbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfuland

daringbusinessmentogetiheballrolling.”“『知，"便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，,些早期的尝试立即失败了。

已经进入商业领域的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可

推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。分析选项可知，A项符合题意，故选A。

3.人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题

高考阅读测试中rr些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格

倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：

（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措

辞・，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。

（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

表示态度的形容词：（1positive枳极的⑼reserved

⑵negative消极的(10)indifferent漠不关心的

(3)optimistic乐观的(11)cautious谨慎的

(4)pessimistic悲观的(12)surprised惊讶的

(5)objective客观的(13)sympathize同情的

(6)subjective主观的(14)support支持的

(7)admiring羡慕的(I5)doubt怀疑的

(8)critical批评的(16)approve赞成的

(17)ironic讽刺的(18)neutral中立的

【典例示例】

Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeanthe:eenager(十几岁

的孩子)problem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableand

helpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.

I'veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestr.ctmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,

shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.Isawhimlastweek

whenIcalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懒散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTV

hewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed.

don'tknowwhattodowithhimthesedays,“shesaid."He'sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.''

Hehasn'tforgottenthem.He'sjustdecidedthathe'snotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白)thatshewould

liketoeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.

Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,reachacrossthetable,stareatme

andsay,"Idon'tlikeyourdress;it'sugly."Oneofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhas

lefthome.

*'Wheredidwegowrong?”herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestof

thatunfortunaterace,parents.

1.Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas.

A.lazyB.quietC.unusualD.rude

2.Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthattheparentsofthetwodaughters.

A.paynoattention(oihemB.aretoobusytolookafterthem

C.haveetohatethemD.feelhelplesstodomuchaboutthem

3.Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?

A.Parentshavenochoicebuttotrytoacceptit.

B.Parentsshouldpaystillsoreattentiontothechange.

C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.

D.Parentsareatfaultforthechangeintheirchildren.

【答案与解析】

I.D此题属于对人物性格的推断，根据文中第二段“Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,should

standupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.”以及其后的细节描

述和该段最后一句话可知，以为严厉的母亲想把她的孩子培养成绅士，但是她的孩子后来对客人的表现却

是不礼貌。

2.D此题属于对“人物心情处境的推断”。根据最后一段，444Wheredidwcgowrong?,herparentsarenowverysad.”

•句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此正确答案为D。

3.A此题属于“对态度及观点的推断”，文中第一句话“Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere'snota

lottheycandoaboutit.”就表明了作者的观点，父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自己。应当采取措施面对这个

事情。然后最后又用了"Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.

做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。

4.篇章结构推断题

根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会来取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会米用叙述、例

证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构

的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。

【典例示例】

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.AfteralLyouprobablysing

orwhistlewhenyouarehappy.

Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostof

thetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.

1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds'singing?

A.Byparingbirdswithhumanbeings.

B.Byreportingexperimentresults.

C.Bydescribingbirds'dailyl:fe.

D.Bytellingabird'sstory.

【答案】A

【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。

5.文章结论推断题

由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。

【典例示例】（2019•北京卷，D）

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawanningclimate,

accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonl:etinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthe

waylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvaries

fromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthof

phytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots»leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）inlo（heoceanwhilegivingoff

oxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatethe

globalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swanningtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsofthe

oceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterfbrGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojects

changestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolour

oftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbeeevenbluer.But

insomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswill

turngreener.t4Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,''shesaid,“bulthetypeofphytoplankton

ischanging.M

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethepositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象

是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但

是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暧会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。

45.C

【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbe

bluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.“可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由

于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerable

totheocean'swarningtrendWanningchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplankton

growth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植

物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。

6.写作目的推断题

这类题的题干中常有purpose,或者后面接有目的的动词不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我们

可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。

与写作目的对应的文章如下；

（1）toentertainreaders（使读者愉悦、发笑）：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。

（2）topersuadereaders（说服读者接受某种观点）：常见于广告或议论文。

toinformreaders（告知读者某些信息）：多见于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告

性或建议性文章。

（3）开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。

简介相关事物一为r引出主题。

列举具体事例一说明文段的主题

【典例示例】

“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfeltthe

rushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityof

Edinburgh."'Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,hesaid.

Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereaders'attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor'simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

【检测训练】

i

FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,“Poelryiswhatgetslostintranslation.^^Althoughitisnot

impossibletotranslatepoetry,XuYuanchong,awellknownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeautyof

ancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.

HisteacherQianZhongshumeritedonhispoetrytranslation,uYovaredancingwhilechainedbyrhyme（押韵）and

rhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteextraordinary.^^

Xuhasjustturned100yearsold.OnApril1,ChinaTranslationandPublishingHousepublishedaseriesof

memorative件己念的）booksabouthislifeandcareertopaytributetothiscentenarian.

Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatednovels,anthologies（选集）andplaysinChinese,English

andFrench,reachingpotentiallymillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsinto

rhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinnerofthe“AuroraBorealisPrize”for

OutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.

Xuisknowntobeveryfastidiousinhiswork.Hehasdedicatedhislifeto'v[translating]beautifully”.Forhim,

Englishisa^scientific''languagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisanuartistic,,languagethatincludesawider

rangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhis

translation.

ThroughXu'stranslations,timehonoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandtheworldat

large.

Forinstance,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginacontroversialhealthcarereformduringhis

presidency,somesenators（参议员）wereopposedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnow（《江雪》）

translatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman'sindependent,nonconformist（不墨守成规的）

thinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama,notedNewsChina.

Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the1OOyearoldremainsdiligent.HelivesaloneinanoldhousenearPeking

University.Inhissimpleroom,decoratedwithChinesetraditionalfurniture,hemaintainsaroutine.Everydayhe

translatesroughly1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingaboui3hoursandgeningupai6amiocontinue.

“Translationisameansofmunicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflicker（"J现）of[a]goodwordor[a]good

linethrillseverypore（毛孔）andeveryinchofmyskin,^^XutoldNewsChina.

1.WhatdoesthearticletellusaboutXJYuanchong?

A.lie'sthefirstwinnerofTheAuroraBorealisPrize.

B.Hehastranslatedabout100ChineseliteraryworksintoEnglish.

C.Heiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedverse.

D.Hehasmasteredalleastthreeforeignlanguages.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fastidious”inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Particular.B.Satisfied.C.Inventive.D.Productive.

3.WhywasBarackObamamentionedinthearticle?

A.ToshowXu'spopularity.

B.ToillustrateXu,simpact.

C.Tointroducehisreform.

D.TostressXu'swisdom.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXu?

A.Mcdestandinsightful.

B.Considerateandcautious.

C.Creativeandopenminded.

D.Dedicatedandpassionate.

2

Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontothe

problem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodemhumans,

butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyraremodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasveryhigh.

Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmorethanits

weightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.

Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwereincluded

inmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.Theseassociationswouldhave

suggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt'sfortunateproperties.

Sallisalsoanexcellenipreservaiive.1（prevenisfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcame（obelinkedwithhealthand

longevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swellbeing.InBritain,forexample,eachspilled

grainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.

ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLastSupper,

andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymanyChristians.

Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindtheDevil.

5.Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause.

A.itwasaChristianfaithB.saltwaslinkedwithmisfortune

C.itwoulddecreaseone'slifespanD.saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preservative”probablymeaninParagraph4?

A.Prctcctor.B.Flavor.C.Medium.D.Solution.

7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroducethehistoryofsalt.

B.Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.

C.Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.

D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.

3

InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespointtowardsthestars,scanning

forsignsoflife.TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence(SETI)Institutehasbeenlisteningforasignalheresince

itwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjusttomunicatewithremote

civilisations.Itisalso(oremindhumar.beingsofitsownmodest,fragile(脆弱的)placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthe

firsttime.SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.

FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandposer,hasanideaofwhatmighlwork.Sincesongs,likethehuman

voices,aremontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProjectMacalltopeople

evei-ywheretouploadextracts(精华)ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.Aninitialposition

willbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.Futureplansanddreamsincludean

eventuallandingonMars.

Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,a

Navajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsnopositionundertakenanywhere,has

triedtoenpasstheentirediversityofhumansong.

Mr.Santiagosaysheis(hrilledaboutbringingtogethercontribuiorsfromaroundiheglobe.Unlikeoiherrecordings

sentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,“Everyone'sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemainposersofourhistorylike

Beethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower."Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"app,singuptothreesongsof30

secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.

8.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?

A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.

B.Toscanfbrotherliveableplanets.

C.Torespondtothecallof(heuniverse.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.

9.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject”？

A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.

B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.

C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.

D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enpass"inParagraph3mean?

A.Include.B.Appreciate.

C.Workout.D.Relateto.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toinspirepeopletobeeposers.

B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.

D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.

4

SoraobservedinamazementasWeilunpickeduptwolargemetalcans.ShefollowedWeilunwithapail(桶)of

clothe";,watchinghimcarrythetwocanseffortlessly.TheywerelargeandwerecoveringWeilun'ssmallframe.

Sora'sfatherhadsenthertothevillagetolearnaboutrurallife.Sorahadneveroncedoneanyhouseholdchores

backhome.Shedidnotunderstandwhyherfatherwouldalwayschant“Whereisyourwillingnesstolearn?”whenever

sheaskedhimifshecouldstayhomefortheholidays.Herfatherhadgivenherachecklistonthelifeskillsthatshe

neededtoleam,oneofwhichwastowashclothes.Sherecalledwashingatableclothafteranartlessoninschool.That

wasapieceofcake,shethought.SoSorarefusedWeilun'soffertohelp.Weilunthenwenttofillthelargecanswith

waterat(hefarendoftheriver.

Suddenly,abigbirddivedfromtheskywhenSoraplacedthelastpieceofclothingbackinthepail.Sorareleased

hergraspofthepailinshock.I'hcnshewasrelaxedtofinditwasaimingforawormnearher.Buttheclotheswere

driftingintheriver.WeilunimmediatelycametohelpandSorashifteddieblametothebird.

Hepointedatthedetergentfoam(洗涤剂泡沫)onthesurfaceof(heriver."DorTltellmeyourinsed(漂洗)the

detergentfromtheclothesintheriver.Don'tyouknowthatitmaykilltherivercreatures?Youcausedtheproblem,not

thebird!”Soralookeddowninshame."Youthinkthatyouknoweverything,butyouactuallydon't."

SoraclosedhereyestoletWeilun'swordssinkinfbramomentShefinallyunderstood(hemeaningbehindher

lather'schants.ShewalkedtowardsV/eilunandwhispered,"Couldyouteachmeallthelifeskillsthatmyfatherhad

plannedfbrmetolearn?”

12.WhywasSoraamazed?

A.Weilunwastoosmallinsizefbrthetwolargecans.

B.Weilunw