2025-2026学年高考二轮精准复习：易错点12 阅读理解推理判断题（解析版）-备战高考英语考试易错题（新高考适用）

2025-2026学年高考二轮精准复习易错点12阅读理解推理判断题目录01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】观点态度易混易错点【易错点提醒二】文章出处和读者对象易混易错点【易错点提醒三】写作目的和意图易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：观点态度易混易错点。【分析】1.选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清；2.原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义；3.未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思；易错陷阱2：文章出处和读者对象易混易错点。【分析】读者需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。易错陷阱3：写作目的和意图易混易错点。【分析】考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。【易错点提醒一】观点态度易混易错点【例1】（2024·山东·一模）Aself-drivingtaxioperatedbyaChinesetechgiantrecentlyhitapasser-bycrossingagainstatrafficlightinWuhan,capitalofHubeiProvince,sparkingheateddiscussionsonthechallengesandlimitationsfacingautonomousdrivingtechnology,especiallyincomplexcircumstances.ZhangXiang,anautosectorresearcheratNorthChinaUniversityofTechnology,saidthattheincidentinWuhanindicatesthatself-drivingtechnologyhasprogressedsignificantlyoverthepastfewyears,butitstillencountersdifficultiesunderever-changingroadconditionsandhassomelimitationswhendealingwithunconventionalbehavior,suchasmotoristsorpassers-byviolatingtrafficrules.Therearestillsomeobstaclestointegratingtheself-drivingvehiclesintotheexistingroadtrafficsafetymanagementsystem,asthelegalobligationsofrelevantsubjectsinvolvingautonomousvehicleshavenotbeenclarifiedundercurrentlawsandregulations.Meanwhile,thecommercialapplicationofrobotaxisinmorecitiesacrossthecountryhasraisedconcernsaboutemployment,astaxidriversareworriedaboutlosingtheirjobsduetointensecompetitionfromdriverlessride-hailingvehicles,industryexpertssaid.Sofar,morethan20citiesnationwidehaveintroducedpoliciessupportingautonomousdrivingtests,withmorethan60enterpriseshavingobtainedself-drivingtestlicenses.Nevertheless,somebelievethatpeopleonlyprefertoexperiencethisemergingtechnology,andthenumberofrobotaxisontheroadisstillfarsmallerthanthoseoftaxis.Itisalsonotedthatthepressureontaxidriversmainlycomesfromfiercecompetitionbetweenprivateride-hailingcarsandtraditionaltaxis,andthattheautonomousdrivingvehicleswillnothaveaseriousimpactonthejobmarketorreplacehumandriversintheshortterm.Despitethechallenges,thedevelopmentofself-drivingindustrywillstrengthentheintelligenttransformationofautoindustryandspeedtheconstructionofvehicle-roadcoordinationsystems,whichsupportthetransferofinformationfromvehiclestoroadwaynetworksasawaytoimprovetrafficefficiency.AccordingtoresearchcompanyBloombergNEF's“ElectricVehicleOutlook”report,Chinawilloperatetheworld'slargestrobotaxifleetofabout12millionself-drivingvehiclesby2040,followedbytheUnitedStateswitharound7millionsuchvehicles.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsself-drivingindustry?A．Partial. B．Favorable. C．Skeptical. D．Dismissive.易错分析：拘泥于找到原词，不能从话语中推理作者真正的态度，从而无中生有，仅凭现实生活主观臆断。【答案】D【解析】根据倒数第二段“Despitethechallenges,thedevelopmentofself-drivingindustrywillstrengthentheintelligenttransformationofautoindustryandspeedtheconstructionofvehicle-roadcoordinationsystems,whichsupportthetransferofinformationfromvehiclestoroadwaynetworksasawaytoimprovetrafficefficiency.”（尽管面临诸多挑战，但自动驾驶产业的发展将加强汽车产业的智能化改造，加快车路协调系统的建设，支持从车辆到道路网络的信息传递，从而提高交通效率。）可知，作者对自动驾驶行业的态度是支持的。故选B项。【变式1】（24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习）Manypeoplearebusyexperimentingwithchatbots,hopinggenerativeartificialintelligence(AI)canimprovetheirdailylives.Scientistsareseveralstepsahead.Asreported,10%ormoreofabstractsforpapersinscientificjournalsnowarewritteninpartbylargelanguagemodels(LLMs).Infieldssuchascomputerscience,thatfigurerisesto20%.Scientistsarenotjustdevotedtolaboratoryworkorthinkingbigthoughts.Theyfacegreatdemands,fromwritingpapersandteachingtofillingoutendlessgrant(拨款)applications.LLMshelpbyspeedingupthewritingofpapers,thusfreeinguptimeforscientiststodevelopnewideasorcheckformistakesintheirwork.Thetechnologycanalsohelplevelaplaying-fieldthatfavoursnativeEnglishspeakers,

becausemanyimportantjournalsareintheirtongue.LLMscanhelpthosewhodonotspeakthelanguagewelltranslateandedittheirtext.Therefore,scientistseverywherecanspreadtheirfindingsmoreeasilyandbejudgedbythebrillianceoftheirideasratherthantheirlanguageskills.Aswithanytechnology,thereareworries.Sciencereceived10,444submissionslastyear,ofwhich83%wererejectedbeforepeer(同行)review.SomeofthesemusthavebeenAI-generated．LLMs’lackofimaginationmayleadtoplagiarism,inwhichtheydirectlycopypastworkbyhumans.“Hallucinations”thatareobviouslywrongtoexperts,butverybelievabletoeveryoneelse,couldalsomaketheirwayintothetext.Andmostworryingofall,writingcanbeanessentialpartoftheresearchprocess,byhelpingresearchersclarifyandproducetheirownideas.ToomuchrelianceonLLMscouldmakesciencepoorer.TryingtorestricttheuseofLLMsisnotthewaytodealwiththeseproblems.Peerreviewwillbecomemoreimportant.Payreviewersforthetimetheysacrifice(牺牲)tocheckpapers.Motivateresearcherstodorepeatedexperimentsbeforewritingapaper.Hiringandpromotioncommitteesatuniversitiesshouldensurethatscientistsarerewardedbasedonthequalityoftheirworkandthequantityofnewinsightstheygenerate.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsLLMs?A．Doubtful. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Conservative.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章结构，第二、三段介绍了LLMs的好处，第四、五段介绍了其弊端，最后一段针对问题提出了解决办法。可知，作者对LLMs的态度是客观的。故选C项。【变式2】（2024·广东·一模）TheRenaissanceofCreativeThoughtisburgeoning,perhapsevenburgeoning.Ifyouattemptedtoabsorballthewisdomavailabletoday,youwouldneedmorethan180millionyearstodoso.Butyouaremistakentoassumethatallthiswisdomwouldstimulateasurgeofinnovationtomatchtheabundanceofknowledge.Indeed,thelasttimewefoundourselvesinaperiodofsignificantinnovation,pursuingtheideaswiththemostprofoundimpact,wasmorethan120yearsago,inaperiodcalledtheRenaissanceofInsight.Innovations,bothgrandandmodest,originatefromanewidea.Often,theseideasemergeasamomentofinsight—theoutcomeofanovelconnectioninourmindsmadebetweenexistingandnewknowledge.Studiesrevealinsightsinvolvequietsignalsdeepinthebrain,justunderthesurfaceofawareness.Anythingthataidsusinnoticingquietsignals,suchastakingbreaksbetweenengagements,adoptingessentiallearningapproaches,orsteeringclearofdistractionslikesocialmedia,canenhancethelikelihoodofinsights.However,itisbecomingincreasinglychallengingtofindthosequietsignalswiththeescalatinguseoftechnology,fillingeverymomentwithemergenciesandanendlesssupplyofcontent.Moreover,wealsoaspiretoelevatethequalityofthem—tobeabletosiftthroughgrandnewideasandidentifytheonesthatholdgenuinevalue,whichcanbedifficulttomeasure.Launchedin2015,theInsightMeter(洞察力计量器)permitsustoevaluatethepotencyofourinsightexperiencesonafive-pointscale,whichismarkedbyintenseemotions,motivation,memoryadvantage,aftershocks,andsubsequentideas.TheMeterconsolidatesthesefivevariablesintoasolitaryvalueandenablesustodefinethesignificanceofanewidea.Thelevel-5insight,involvingtherichestemotion,motivation,andlastingimpact,holdstheutmostsignificance.Sinceinsightsareoneofthemosteffectivewaystostimulateengagement,innovation,andbehavioralchange,theInsightMeterhasextensiveapplicationsforgaugingandenhancingindividualandorganizationalperformance.Moreimportantly,itcanbeemployedtomeasuretheimpactofdifferenttypesofworkenvironmentsandlearningapproachesonparticipants’development—bothinthemomentorafterward.Fororganizationstoreapthebenefitsofanotherageofinsight,itisnotsufficienttoattempttoaccessmoredataoraugmentthenumberofinsightswegenerate.Instead,itisaboutcreatingspaceforthemostsignificantideastoemergefromalltheknowledge.UtilizingthesharedlanguageoftheInsightMeterasameanstomeasurehowimportantideasare,relativetoeachother,willenablesuperiordecision-makingtowardpracticalandcompetitiveoutcomes.Andifwearetoenteranewageofinsight,wemustdesignourenvironmentstoallowforthemostexceptionalinsightpossibletosurface.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentenvironmentforinnovations?A．Uncertain. B．Optimistic. C．Unconcerned. D．Dissatisfied.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andifwearetoenteranewageofinsight,wemustdesignourenvironmentstoallowforthemostexceptionalinsightpossibletosurface.(如果我们要进入一个洞察的新时代，我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最杰出的洞察浮出水面)”可推知，作者对当前创新环境的态度是不满意的。故选D。【易错点提醒二】文章出处和读者对象易混易错点【例2】（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）Doyouhavefrighteningdreamswhilesleeping?AccordingtoanemailinterviewbyclinicalpsychologistandsleepexpertDr.MichaelBreus,roughly5percentofthegeneralpopulationhasatleastonebaddreamperweek.NightmarestypicallyhappenduringREMsleep,duringthemiddleandlaterpartsofthenight.Thereisnoexactexplanationfornightmares,butBreussaysit’spossiblethattheyhelpthebrainpractise,prepareforandevenpredictdifficultordangerousexperiencesinwakinglife.Ofcourse,it’spossiblethatnightmares,likedreamsingeneral,don’thaveaprimaryfunction—thatthey’reaby-productofotheractivitiesinthebody.Butmostsleepscientiststhinkthatdreamsandnightmaresexistforsomepurposes.Onestudyfoundthemostcommonnightmarewasfalling,followedbydreamsofbeingchased,feelinglost,andfeelingtrapped.Thenwhydonightmareshappen?“Certaincircumstancesandcharacteristicsmakesomepeoplemorelikelytohavenightmaresthanothers,”sayssleepmedicinespecialistDr.BarryKrakow.Hethinkspeoplewho’vebeentraumatized(使受精神创伤)arecertainlyatahigherriskofnightmaresExamplesareofferedofthosewhohavesufferedcriminalattacks,orwhohavebeeninlife-threateningaccidents.Peoplewithsomedegreeofsensitivityintheirbiologicalmake-uparealsomorelikelytohavebaddreams,sothey’remorecommoninpeoplewhosufferfromanxietyordepression,orwhouseexcessdrugsoralcohol.Thetraditionalbeliefoftenhasitthatnightmaresaretheresultofeatingtoomuchrichfoodbeforebedtime,butitisstilluncertainwhetherthisistrue.Onestudyfrom2015didfindalinkbetweeneatingdairyorhotfoodsbeforebedtimeandhavingdisturbingdreams,butthestudyauthorsnotedthatthiscouldn’tbeprovendefinitelybecausethedatawasself-reportedandtherewerealotofotherfactorstoconsider.However,researchinrecentdecadeshasshownthatpeoplewhosufferfromsleepdisordersarealsomorelikelytohavenightmares.Fromwhichsectionofawebsiteisthetextprobablytaken?A．Mentalhealth.B．Lifeexperiences.C．Eatinghabits.D．Popularculture.易错分析：对于网站的类别不熟悉，且文章中的细节未能正确理解。【答案】A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素。【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Doyouhavefrighteningdreamswhilesleeping?AccordingtoanemailinterviewbyclinicalpsychologistandsleepexpertDr.MichaelBreus,roughly5percentofthegeneralpopulationhasatleastonebaddreamperweek.NightmarestypicallyhappenduringREMsleep,duringthemiddleandlaterpartsofthenight.(你睡觉时会做可怕的梦吗？根据临床心理学家和睡眠专家MichaelBreus博士的电子邮件采访，大约5%的人每周至少做一次噩梦。噩梦通常发生在快速眼动睡眠期间，在夜间的中段和后期。)”可知文章主要讲的是科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素，由此可推知，文章可能选自网站的心理健康部分。故选A。【变式1】（江苏省2024-2025学年高三名校联考检测试题）Twenty-fourtrains,ninecountries,13,500miles.TheyarethenumbersbehindtheheroicroundtriponemantookfromSouthamptonintheUKtoeasternChina.RogerTyers,37,usedover$2,500,whichwasalmosttwicemorethanthecostofareturnflight,totraveltotheChineseportcityNingboforacademicresearchinMay,2019.Themanspentamonthonboard15trainsduringthefirstlegofhisroundtrip.Itwastheclimatecrisis,notaloveoftrains,thatdrovethesociologisttochoosethiscomplicatedrouteoverareturnflight.HestoppedflyingwhenUNclimateexpertswarnedthattheworldhadlessthan11yearstoavoidterriblelevelsofglobalwarming.TyerscalculatedthathistrainjourneytoChinaproducedalmost90%lessemissionsthanareturnflight.Tyersisnottheonlypersontoavoidairtravelinresponsetoclimatechange.Thousandsofpeopleworldwidehavepubliclypromisedtostopflying.ActivistMajaRosenlaunchedthe“FlightFree”campaigninSwedenwiththegoalofencouraging100,000peoplenottoflyforoneyear.Althoughonlyaround14,000peoplesignedtheonline“#flightfree2019”pledge(保证),Rosen,whostoppedflying12yearsago,saysthatthecampaignhadmademorepeopleworryabouttheclimatecrisisandawareofharmoftravelbyairandmotivatedthemtotrynewwaysoftravelling.AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinMay2019bySwedishRailways(SJ),37%ofrespondentschosetotravelbytraininsteadofbyplanewherepossible,comparedto20%atthestartof2018.AnSJspokespersonsaid:“Railtravelhasbeenaugmentedduetotheworries.”DomesticpassengernumbersinJulyfellby12%comparedtothepreviousyear,accordingtoSwedavia,acompanywhichoperatesSweden’s10busiestAirports.“Thecollectivepledgehelpsfightthesenseofhopelessnessmanypeoplefeelwhenitcomestotacklingclimatechange”,Rosensaid.“Oneoftheproblemsisthatpeoplefeelthere’snopointinwhatyoudoasanindividual.Thecampaignisaboutmakingpeopleawarethatifwedothistogether,wecanactuallybringchanges.”Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Travel.B．Environment.C．Education.D．Lifestyle.【答案】B【详解】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英国男子罗杰·泰尔斯为了响应气候危机，选择乘坐火车往返中国进行学术研究，而放弃乘坐飞机。他的行为激励了更多人关注气候变化，尝试新的旅行方式。推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Itwastheclimatecrisis,notaloveoftrains,thatdrovethesociologisttochoosethiscomplicatedrouteoverareturnflight.(是气候危机，而不是对火车的热爱，驱使这位社会学家选择了这条复杂的路线，而不是回程航班)”以及第三段中“Tyersisnottheonlypersontoavoidairtravelinresponsetoclimatechange.Thousandsofpeopleworldwidehavepubliclypromisedtostopflying.ActivistMajaRosenlaunchedthe“FlightFree”campaigninSwedenwiththegoalofencouraging100,000peoplenottoflyforoneyear.(泰尔斯并不是唯一一个为了应对气候变化而避免乘坐飞机的人。全球数千人公开承诺不再乘坐飞机。活动人士玛雅·罗森在瑞典发起了“无飞行”运动，目标是鼓励10万人一年不坐飞机)”可知，文章报道了英国社会学家罗杰·泰尔斯为应对环境问题，选择放弃乘坐飞机，乘坐火车往返中国进行学术研究，他的行为激励了更多人关注气候变化，尝试新的旅行方式。本文报道的内容与环境保护有关，所以最有可能出自报纸的“环境”版块。故选B。【变式2】（江苏省前黄高级中学2024-2025学年高三学情检测）WheretoShopinLondonJamesSmith&SonsHaveyoueverseenanoblemanwithafinewalkingstickorafashionablewomanwithanumbrellathat'sdefinitelynotoneofthosefive-dollarbargainsfromNewYorkCitystreet?Well；youcouldbethatpersontoo.ButyouhavetogotoJameSmith&Sons.Theyspecializeinallkindsofhigh-qualitywalkingsticksandumbrellas.Harvie&HudsonUKandItalyaretwoleadingcountrieswhenitcomestoclothingformen.Andyouknowthatit’llcostyouyourwagesofseveralmonthstobuyasuitofclothesthere.ButHarvie&Hudsonisfairlyaccessible,especiallyforthekindofqualityyouget.Aworthyalternative!Youcan’tgowrongwithtwosportjacketsforaround£200.That'sagooddeal.HatchardsHatchardsinPiccadilly,whichopenedin1797,canclaimtobetheoldestbookstoreintheUKwitharound100,000books,andhasaspecialsectionforsignedfirsteditions,andchildren'sbooks.Beyondthat,itofferspersonalizedbooksubscriptionservicesforaveryreasonablesum—you'lljustneedtopayadditionalpostageforshipmenttoAmerica.TheWhiskyExchangeForthosewholovewhiskyandbrandy,thisisthebestchoice,sinceifsoneofthecity'simportantliquorstores.It’spossibletoorderbottlestobeshippedtoAmerica.You'reboundtofindsomethingyou'llneverseeathome.IfsliketheWillyWonkafactoryforScotchdrinkersandcollectors.Whoarethetargetreadersofthetext?A．Thenatives.B．Britishvisitors.C．Foreignstudents.D．Americantravelers.【答案】B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了适合英国游客的四大购物圣地。【详解】推理判断题。根据文章题目“WheretoShopinLondon”(在伦敦去哪里购物)以及文章介绍个四大购物圣地选择可推断出，文章的受众应该是来英国的游客，尤其是来伦敦的游客。故选B。【变式3】（广东省东莞实验中学高三下学期开学“收心”试题）SpecialFoodPlacestoTryInSingaporeIt’sanunpleasantfactthatlocalfoodplacesareusuallymeanttocatertomeat-eaters.Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon’tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.VeganBurgVeganBurghasasurprisinglydiverserangeofplant-basedburgers.FromHawaiianTeriyakitoChar-GrilledSatay,themenupromisestotempteventhemosthardcoremeatlovers.Andthat’snotevengettingintotheadd-onsandsidesitoffers,suchasmushroomfriesandbarbecuepotatoes.WoodsSquareTower,#01-06,Singapore737737GenesisRestaurantThiseateryprovesthatmeat-freedishescanbeasheartyandflavorfulastheirmeat-basedcounterparts.GenesisRestaurantisespeciallyknownforitsjuicydumplings,springrolls,pork-freenoodlesandtofucheesecake.HavelockRoad,#B1-01,Singapore059763WellSmoochtCollectiveWellSmoochtisacafeanddessertbarwhichspecializesinplant-basedicecream.Madefrombrownrice,sugarcanejuiceandfruitsornutbutters,Smoocht’sricecream,astheycallit,comesinawidevarietyofdeliciousflavorssuchasEarlGreyLavender,RoseCoconutandGulaMelaka.SinMingCentre,#01-03,Singapore575628GreenCommonThisone-stopplant-basedeateryandmarketplacehasadeliciousmenuofmouth-wateringmeat-freedishes,fromJapanesecuisinelikesushiandmisoglazedfillettoWesterndisheslikefishlesstacosandpasta,aswellaslocalfavouritessuchasseafoodlaksaandevenbuahkeluakrice.HarbourFrontWalk,#169-170,Singapore098585Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A．Thosewhowanttoloseweight.B．Thosewhodon’teatmeat.C．Thosewhocan’tgowithoutmeat.D．Thosewhopreferhome-madefood.【答案】B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了新加坡的素食美食。【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon’tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.(很难找到一个迎合无肉饮食的美食场所。这里有一些选择，告诉你不需要吃肉就能得到令人满意的款待。)”可推知，这篇文章是写给那些不吃肉的人的。故选B。【易错点提醒三】写作目的和意图易混易错点【例3】（2025届河北省百师联盟高三联考）Areyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstaywithyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteerHQ(IVHQ)-theworld’smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprogramsfor16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCareinCostaRicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou’rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!Benefitsforvolunteers:Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandaddexperiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,andwayofthinking.Guaranteedsupport:ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwithyou.Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we’realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensurealltheirquestionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.Ifyou’rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_____.A．advocatevolunteeringB．introducerequirementsC．advertiseaserviceD．suggestalifestyle易错分析：不能从引述话语中理解作者意图、推断作者深层含义。【答案】C【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要是InternationalVolunteerHQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告。【详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Ifyou’rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.(如果您准备好打包行李，体验完全不同的生活方式，拓宽您的全球视野，请与我们联系。IVHQ将非常乐意为您提供服务。)”可知，本文是InternationalVolunteerHQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告，因此目的是为一种服务做广告。故选C。【变式1】（江苏省镇江第一中学2024-2025学年高三学情检测）Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基础设施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgiveofftheheatinthefirstplace.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysstudyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalengineer.Humansaren’ttheonlypotentiallyaffected.“Foralotofthingsinthesubsurface,it’skindof‘outofsight,outofmind’,”saysGrantFerguson,ageologist.Buttheundergroundworldisfullofcreaturesthathaveadaptedtosubsurfaceexistencesuchasinsectsandsnails.Asthetemperaturerisesbecauseofclimatechangeandundergroundurbandevelopment,scientistsarekeepingeyesonthepotentialimplicationsforundergroundecosystems.Butthequestionofhowundergroundhotspotscouldaffectinfrastructurehasgonelargelyunstudied.Becausematerialsexpandandcontractwithtemperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfromundergroundcouldbecontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.Tounderstandhowundergroundtemperaturedifferencehasaffectedtheground’sphysicalproperties,heusedacomputermodeltosimulate(模拟)theundergroundenvironmentfromthe1950stonow—andthento2050.Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,someareasmayliftupwardbyasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingonthesoilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Thoughthesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcausecracksinthefoundationsofsomebuildings,causingbuildingstofall.KathrinMenberg,ageoscientistinGermany,saysthesedisplacementpredictionsarefarbeyondherguessesandcouldbelinkedtothesoft,clay-heavysoils.“Claymaterialisparticularlysensitive,”shesays,“Itwouldbeabigissueinallcitiesworldwidethatarebuiltonsuchmaterial.”Likeclimatechangeabovethesurface,undergroundchangesoccurgradually.“Theseeffectstookdecadestodevelop,”Fergusonsays,addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipateontheirown.“Wecouldbasicallyturneverythingoff,andit’sgoingtoremainthere,thetemperaturesignal,forquiteawhile.”ButFergusonsaysthiswastedheatenergycouldalsobereused,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Still,thisassumptioncouldfailasabovegroundclimatechangecontinuestoboostundergroundwarming.Howeverslowly,thisheatwillgatherbeneathourfeet.“It’slikeclimatechange,”RottaLoriasays.“Maybewedon’tseeitalways,butit’shappening.”Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Undergroundclimatechangeisasilentdanger.B．Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.C．Coolingthesubsurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.D．Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveonenergycosts.【答案】A【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了城市的热量正在向地下传播，这会影响到一些地面建筑材料，且这种变化是不易察觉的，是一种无声的危险。【详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基础设施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.(城市的街道和屋顶都会吸收热量，这使得一些城市地区比农村地区更热。随着城市热量向下传播，这些“城市热岛”也会在地下发展，地铁轨道和其他地下基础设施也会不断向周围的地球辐射热量)”及第二段“AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgiveofftheheatinthefirstplace.(一项针对芝加哥市中心的新研究表明，地下热点可能会威胁到最初散发热量的相同结构)”结合最后一段““It’slikeclimatechange,”RottaLoriasays.“Maybewedon’tseeitalways,butit’shappening.”(“这就像气候变化，”罗塔·洛里亚说。“也许我们并不总是看到这种情况，但它正在发生。”)”可知，本文介绍了城市的热量正在向地下传播，这会影响到一些地面建筑材料，且这种变化是不易察觉的，因此，作者想要告诉我们“地下气候变化是一种无声的危险”。故选A。【变式2】（安徽省合肥第一中学2024-2025学年高三学情检测）Ashopkeeper’ssonbreaksawindow,causingacrowdtogather.Theytelltheshopkeepernottobeangry:actually,thebrokenwindowisareasontocelebrate,sinceitwillcreateworkfortheglazier(装玻璃的工人).Inthestory,writtenbya19th-centuryeconomist,thecrowdenvisionstheworkinvolvedinrepairingthewindow,butnotthatinvolvedineverythingelseonwhichtheshopkeepercouldhavespenthismoney—unseenpossibilitiesthatwouldhavebroughthimgreaterhappiness.Ifthatwindowweretobebrokenthesedays,peoplemighthaveadifferentreaction,especiallyiftheywereNIMBYs(NotInMyBackYard)whoopposeanylocalconstructionthataffectstheirqualityoflife.Theirconcernmightbewiththe“embodiedcarbon”.Theproductionofapieceofglasswouldcarryasizeablecarboncost.Similarly,thebricksandconcreteinabuildingarerelicsofpastemissions.Theyare,thelogicgoes,embodiedcarbon.Conservingwhatalreadyexists,ratherthanaddingtothebuildingstock,willavoidincreasingtheseembodiedemissions—orsoNIMBYsoftensuggest.Atitsworst,thisideaisbasedonawarpedlogic.Greenhousegasesreleasedbytheconstructionofanexistingbuildingwillheattheplanetwhetherthebuildingisrepairedorknockeddown.Theemissionshavebeentakenoutoftheworld’s“carbonbudget”,sotreatingthemasanewdebitmeansdoublecounting.Therightquestiontoaskiswhetheritisworthusingtheremainingcarbonbudgettorepairabuildingoritisbettertoknockitdown.Choosingbetweenthesepossibilitiesrequiresthinkingabouttheunseen.Itusedtobesaidthatconstructionemittedtwotypesofemissions.Besidestheembodiedsort,therewereoperationalonesfromcooling,heatingandprovidingelectricitytoresidents.Aroundtheworld,buil