新人教版Unit4知识清单高考真题

Unit4知识清单知识清单知识清单重点单词1.chargen.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电2.approachn.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近3.battlen.战役;搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗;奋斗4.customn.风俗;习俗;习惯5.positionn.位置;姿态;职位6.ensurevt.保证;确保;担保7.chiefadj.最重要的;最高级别的n.首领;上司→(pl.)chiefs8.amountn.数量;金额9.conquervt.占领;征服;控制10.feastn.盛宴;宴会;节日11.rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动n.卷(轴);翻滚12.cattlen.牛(总称,用作复数)13.portn.港口(城市)14.nearbyadj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近15.oceann.大海;海洋16.roarvi.&n.吼叫;咆哮17.philosophyn.哲学18.landscape n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景19.honey n.蜂蜜20.snack n.点心;小吃21.gallery n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊22.military adj.军事的;军用的23.butter n.黄油;奶油 vt.涂黄油于24.county n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县25.wine n.葡萄酒;果酒26.pub n.酒吧;酒馆词汇拓展1.belongvi.应在(某处);适应→belongingn.归属→belongingsn.所有物;财产2.puzzlen.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑→puzzledadj.困惑的;迷惑的→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的3.surroundvt.围绕;包围→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundingsn.周围的事物;环境4.eageradj.热切的;渴望的→eagerlyadv.急切地;热心地→eagernessn.热切;渴望5.defencen.防御;保卫→defendvt.&vi.防护;防御;保卫→defensiveadj.防御的;保护的;保卫的6.announcevt.宣布;通知;声称→announcementn.通告;布告;宣布;宣告7.strikingadj.引人注目的;显著的→strikevt.给(某人以……)印象;让(某人)觉得8.crowdn.人群;一群人;民众vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的9.greetvt.问候;迎接→greetingn.问候;招呼;迎接10.achievementn.成就;成绩;达到→achievevt.取得;达到11.locationn.地方;地点;位置→locatevt.找出……的位置;把……设置在→locatedadj.坐落于;位于12.legaladj.法律的;合法的→legallyadv.合法地→(反)illegaladj.不合法的;违法的13.generousadj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosityn.慷慨;大方14.fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinatedadj.被迷住的→fascinatevt.&vi.(使)着迷;(使)迷住15.individualadj.单独的;个别的→individuallyadv.逐个地;作为个人;单独地16.evidencen.证据;证明→evidentadj.明显的→evidentlyadv.明显地17.sensoryadj.感觉的;感官的→sensen.感官;理智;心智→senselessadj.不明智的;无意义的→sensibleadj.明智的→sensitiveadj.善解人意的;敏感的18.poetn.诗人→poemn.诗→poetryn.诗歌重点短语join...to...join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来2．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱3．belongto属于4．aswellas同(一样也)；和；还5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意重点句型1．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。2．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。3．Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。4．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。5．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。课文复述，语境识词课文复述，语境识词课文语法填空TheUnitedKingdomhasseveralnamesandmanypeople1．（confuse)bythem.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later,thecountryScotlandandtheKingdomofIrelandjoinedthecountry2．（form)theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.3．（final),inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUnitedKingdom,4．resultedinthefullnametoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Thefourcountries5．(belong)totheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,6．(know)astheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However,therearesome7．（different)betweenthem.TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,whichcanhelpyoulearnmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.WhereveryougointheUK,youaresurrounded8．evidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,theRomans,camein9．firstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next,theAngloSaxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.Theyhadcastles10．(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.【答案】1．areconfused；2．toform；3．Finally；4．which；5．belonging；6．known；7．differences；8．by；9．the；10．built【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国全名的形成，以及英国的四个部分的组成。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，非谓语动词，副词，定语从句，名词，介词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。1．句意：英国有几个名字，许多人被它搞混淆了。此处与主语manypeople是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填areconfused。2．句意：后来，苏格兰和爱尔兰王国合并，组成大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国。此处作目的状语，表示"为了……"，应用动词不定式。故填toform。3．句意：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这就产生了今天的全名。此处修饰后文整句话，应用副词。故填Finally。4．句意：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这就产生了今天的全名。resultedinthefullnametoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文陈述的整件事，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。5．句意：这四个属于联合王国的国家在某些领域合作。Thefourcountries和belong是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词短语，表主动，作后置定语。故填belonging。6．句意：他们使用同样的旗帜，作为英国国旗，以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。beknownas固定短语，"被……认为，作为"，此处省略be动词，应用过去分词短语，作定语。故填known。7．句意：然而，它们之间有一些不同。difference表示"差异，不同"时，为可数名词，由some修饰，应用名词复数。故填differences。8．句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都能看到四个不同群体在历史上不同时期接管政权的证据。besurroundedby固定短语，"被……所包围"。故填by。9．句意：第一批人，罗马人，在一世纪出现。序数词前应用定冠词，此处表示"在第一世纪"。故填the。10．句意：英国各地都有他们的城堡。此处与castles是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填built。考点透析考点透析知识点1.belongvi.应在(某处);适应[教材原句]ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.(P40)属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。【词块必记】归纳点拨belongto属于；是……的一员belongingn.归属感belongingsn.(pl.)所有物；财物名师点津belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。【即时练】①Whilethetwoareonlydaysapartinagetheyseemtobelong________whollydifferentgenerations.②Childrenneedasenseof________(belong)．③Peopleslowlygatheredtheir________(belong)andleftthehall.④Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofcultural________,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen­mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.[完成句子]⑤任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。Anyonehasnorighttotaketheland________________astheirown.⑥Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmust_______________.如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。[句式升级]⑦Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountrywhichbelongstodevelopingcountries.→Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountry___________________.【即时练】答案:①to②belonging③belongings④belonging⑤belongingtothestate⑥belongtothesamegym⑦belongingtodevelopingcountries【高考真题链接】1.（2024年浙江卷）・语法填空Theoldman’s________(belong)werefoundinasmallboxunderthebed,includingaletterfromhisdaughter.答案：belongings解析：考查名词复数。belonging作“财物”讲时为可数名词，常用复数形式belongings；结合空后were可知，此处需填复数，表“老人的财物”。2.（2025年新高考Ⅰ卷・模拟题）（单选）Theculturalrelics________totheTangDynastyarenowondisplayinthemuseum.A.belongB.belongedC.belongingD.tobelong答案：C解析：考查非谓语动词。belongto无被动语态，作后置定语时需用现在分词形式；此处belongingtotheTangDynasty修饰relics，表“属于唐代的文物”，故选C。3.（2023年天津卷）・翻译题这块土地自古以来就属于中国，这是不容置疑的事实。答案：ThispieceoflandhasbelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes,whichisanundeniablefact.解析：考查belongto的用法。belongto无被动语态，结合“自古以来”用现在完成时hasbelongedto，表动作持续至今。2.surroundvt.围绕;包围[教材原句]AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(P40)你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。[用法感知]①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurroundingthemountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。②Ourschoolisbeautiful.Ourteachingbuildingissurroundedwithtreesandflowers.我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。【考点必记】surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with...被……包围surroundingadj.周围的;附近的surroundingsn.周围的事物;环境【即时练】[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)The(surround)areacontainsplentyofnativebushesandsomefamouswalks.(2)(surround)byagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.(3)Theybuiltthemselveslargevillas(别墅)inthewooded(surround)ofthetown.(4)Lookingaround,Ifoundmyself(surround)byagroupofchildrenfullofcuriosity.(5)Thebutterfly­shapedWuzhizhouIslandislocatedinSanya'sHaitangBayandissurrounded________cleanwatersandstunning(迷人的)scenery.[小情境写作](6)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。Onceuponatime,akingwhowaspoliteto___________________________________________.【即时练】答案:(1)surrounding(2)Surrounded(3)surroundings(4)surrounded(5)by/with(6)surroundingcountrieslivedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings【高考真题链接】1.（2024年天津卷）・语法填空Whenwearrivedatthemountainvillage,weweresurprisedtoseeit________(surround)bygreenforestsandclearstreams.答案：surrounded解析：考查with复合结构的变形（此处为“see+宾语+宾补”）。village与surround为被动关系，需用过去分词surrounded，表“村庄被森林和溪流包围”。2.（2025年新高考Ⅱ卷）・单选The___(surround)areaofthelakehasbeenturnedintoapark,wherepeoplecanwalkandrelax.surroundB.surroundingC.surroundingsD.surrounded答案：B解析：考查形容词用法。此处需形容词修饰area，surrounding作形容词时表“周围的”，surroundings为名词（表“环境”），surrounded为过去分词（表被动），故选B。3.（2023年浙江卷）・翻译题这座古城被城墙包围，城内保存着许多明清时期的建筑。答案：Thisancientcityissurroundedbycitywalls,andmanybuildingsfromtheMingandQingdynastiesarepreservedinside.解析：考查besurroundedby的被动用法，表“被……包围”，贴合古城与城墙的被动关系。3.chargen.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电[教材原句]JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.(P42)朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。[用法感知]①(以文化人助写作)Theuniverseisnotinthechargeofyou,butyouareinchargeofyourself.你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。②(2020·天津5月高考)Yourreplacementcardwillbeproducedfreeofcharge.您新换的卡将被免费提供。③Challengeyourselfandtakechargeofyourowngrowthinyourcareer.挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。【词块必记】(1)chargesbmoneyforsth因某事向某人收费chargesbwith(doing)sth=accusesbof(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事(2)freeofcharge(=forfree)免费takechargeof...接管/负责……inchargeof...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)inthechargeof...由……管理(主语通常为物)[名师点津]charge表示“控告”时,要用chargesbwithsth,而accuse表达相同意义时,则应用accusesbofsth。【即时练】(1)单句语法填空④—Iwonderhowmuchyoucharge_____yourservices.—ThefirsttwoarefreewhilethethirdcostsD|S30.⑤Themanwhowasincharge_____theshopwaschargedwithsellingfakes.(2)完成句子/一句多译⑥Thepolice______________stealingthejewels.警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。I'll______________thewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.＝I'llbe______________thewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.＝Thewholefactorywillbe______________menextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.【即时练】答案:④for⑤of⑥chargedthethiefwith⑦takechargeof;inchargeof;in/underthechargeof【高考真题链接】1.（2024年江苏卷）・单选Thehotel________200yuanforastandardroompernight,whichisquitereasonable.chargesB.costsC.takesD.spends答案：A解析：考查动词搭配。charge表示“收费”时，常用搭配为“chargesbmoneyforsth”，此处表“酒店每晚收200元”，cost主语为物（sthcostssbmoney），take/spend不用于“收费”，故选A。2.（2025年新高考Ⅰ卷）・语法填空Themanwhowas________(charge)withstealingwasfinallyprovedinnocentafterfurtherinvestigation.答案：charged解析：考查被动语态。chargesbwith(doing)sth表“控告某人做某事”，此处man与charge为被动关系，需用过去分词charged。3.（2023年全国卷Ⅱ）・翻译题这位医生负责这家医院的内科，并且从不向病人额外收费。答案：Thisdoctorisinchargeoftheinternalmedicinedepartmentofthehospitalandneverchargespatientsextrafees.解析：考查inchargeof（负责，主语为人）和chargesbmoney（向某人收费），贴合“主管”和“收费”两个核心义项。4.announcevt.宣布;通知;声称[教材原句]Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.(P42)最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。【词块必记】(1)announcesthtosb=announcetosbsth向某人宣布某事Itis/wasannouncedthat...据宣布……announcethat...宣布……;通知……(2)announcementn.公告;发表;宣告;通告makeanannouncement发布通告announcern.播音员,广播员[名师点津]动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announcesth.tosb.或announcetosb.sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest,explain,report,say等。【即时练】(1)单句语法填空①Theannouncermadean______(announce)thatallthedetailsshouldbeannouncedthroughthebroadcast.②Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary_______(announce)sonyoursocialmedia.③It_________(announce)thatthenumberofprimaryschoolsinthatcityhadgrownto114.④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。Hesaidtheluckywomanwhogottheticket______________andthetripwillbesharedonline.⑤Onedaywithabasketofvegetables,he____________hewasgoingtocookadeliciousdish.一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。【即时练】答案:①announcement②announcements③wasannounced④willbeannouncedonthewebsite⑤announcedtousthat【高考真题链接】1.（2025年浙江卷）・语法填空Theschoolmadean________(announce)thatthesportsmeetingwouldbeheldnextFriday.答案：announcement解析：考查名词转换。空前有不定冠词an，需填announce的名词形式announcement（表“通知”），makeanannouncement为固定搭配。2.（2024年北京卷）・单选It________(announce)thatthenewsubwaylinewillopentothepublicnextmonth.isannouncedB.announcesC.announcedD.wasannounced答案：A解析：考查固定句型。Itisannouncedthat...为固定结构，表“据宣布……”，it为形式主语，真正主语为that从句；结合“nextmonth”可知用一般现在时的被动，故选A。3.（2023年山东卷）・翻译题校长在会上向全体师生宣布了今年的招生计划。答案：Theprincipalannouncedthisyear’senrollmentplantoallteachersandstudentsatthemeeting.解析：考查announcesthtosb的搭配，表“向某人宣布某事”，贴合“会议通知”的语境。5.amountn.金额;数量[教材原句]WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.(P42)在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。归纳点拨(1)“ahuge/largeamountof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“huge/largeamountsof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数联想发散表示“大量的”短语还有alargenumberof,agreatdealof,plentyof,alargequantityof,alotof等。①agreatdealof只能修饰不可数名词；alargenumberof只能修饰可数名词复数；②alotof,plentyof,alargequantityof既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。【即时练】①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortook______________food.这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。②Modernputerscanorganizelargeamounts_________dataveryquickly.③Largeamountsofmoney_________(spend)onthebridge.④Forexample,there_________(be)hugeamountsofinformationwhichIamoftenconfusedtochoosefrom.⑤Anincreasingamountoforganicproduce_________(be)tobefoundonsupermarketshelves.【即时练】答案:①alargeamountof②of③werespent④are⑤is【高考真题链接】1.（2024年全国卷Ⅱ）・语法填空Alargeamountofmoney________(donate)tothedisasterareasofar,helpingpeoplerebuildtheirhomes.答案：hasbeendonated解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数；结合sofar可知用现在完成时，money与donate为被动关系，故填hasbeendonated。2.（2025年新高考Ⅱ卷）・单选Largeamountsofwater________(waste)everydaybecauseoftheleakypipes.iswastedB.arewastedC.wasteD.wastes答案：B解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数；water与waste为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动，故选B。3.（2023年浙江卷）・翻译题这个项目需要大量的时间和精力，所以我们必须做好充分准备。答案：Thisprojectrequiresalargeamountoftimeandenergy,sowemustmakefullpreparations.解析：考查alargeamountof修饰不可数名词（timeandenergy），表“大量的”，贴合“项目需求”的语境。6.approachn.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近[教材原句]Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.(P42)因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。[用法感知]①(2020·浙江高考)What'smore,withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching,wearemakingfullpreparationsforit.更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。②Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。③ApairoflargestonelionspresidemassivelyovertheapproachtotheSummerPalace.一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。[归纳点拨](1)approachsb./sth. 接近/靠近某人/某物(2)attheapproachof...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候an/theapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/途径/……的入口【即时练】(1)单句语法填空④Yesterdayweheldameetingandmadeanapproach_________thelow­carbonlife.⑤Shebrainstormedthepossible_________(approach)shemighttake.⑥_________theapproachoftheCollegeEntranceExamination,somestudentsstayuplatetostudy.(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)⑦Withthetimeforgraduationapproaching,wearebusywithourpapers._________[佳句背诵]WithTeachers’Dayapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear.随着教师节的临近,我们班决定改变方式,举行一次聚会来庆祝今年的这个重要的节日。【即时练】答案:④to⑤approaches⑥At⑦around/roundthecorner/drawingnear【高考真题链接】1.（2024年新高考Ⅰ卷）・语法填空Thegovernmenthasputforwardanewapproach________(solve)theproblemoftrafficcongestion.答案：tosolving解析：考查固定搭配。approachto为固定结构，to为介词，后接动名词，表“解决……的方法”，故填tosolving。2.（2025年天津卷）・单选AstheSpringFestival________(approach),moreandmorepeoplestarttoprepareforfamilyreunions.approachesB.isapproachingC.approachedD.willapproach答案：B解析：考查动词时态。as引导时间状语从句，表“随着……临近”，用现在进行时表将来，故选B。3.（2023年江苏卷）・翻译题我们需要找到一种新方法来提高学习效率，而不是一味地延长学习时间。答案：Weneedtofindanewapproachtoimprovinglearningefficiencyinsteadofsimplyextendingstudytime.解析：考查approachtodoingsth的搭配，表“提高效率的方法”，贴合“学习方法”的语境。7.eageradj.热切的;渴望的[教材原句]Iwaseagertoseethat...(P43)我急切地想看到……【考点必记】(1)beeagerfor...急于得到……beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerthat...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)(2)eagerlyadv.急切地;渴望地;热心地eagernessn.渴望;热心witheagerness热切地【即时练】单句语法填空Sheiseager__________(succeed).Ifyouareavailableandhavetheeagerness,pleasesignupforitbye­mail.Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager_________knowledgeandeager_________(make)progress.词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)Weareeagertoseeyourwonderfulperformances.__________________【即时练】答案:(1)tosucceed(2)eagerness(3)for,tomake(4)longingtosee/lookingforwardtoseeing【高考真题链接】1.（2025年江苏模拟）・语法填空Thechildrenareeager________(visit)thezoothisweekend,astheyhaveneverseenarealpandabefore.答案：tovisit解析：考查固定搭配。beeagertodosth为固定结构，表“渴望做某事”，故填tovisit。2.（2024年天津卷）・单选Her________(eager)tolearnnewthingsmadeheroneofthetopstudentsintheclass.eagerB.eagernessC.eagerlyD.eagernesses答案：B解析：考查名词转换。空前有形容词性物主代词her，需填eager的名词形式eagerness（不可数），表“学习的渴望”，故选B。3.（2023年浙江卷）・翻译题年轻人们热切地希望参与社区志愿服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。答案：Youngpeopleareeagertoparticipateinmunityvolunteerservicesandcontributetheirstrengthtosociety.解析：考查beeagertodosth的搭配，表“热切希望参与”，贴合“志愿服务”的语境。8.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱[教材原句]Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.(P40)最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。【词块必记】breakinto强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)breakoff断开;停顿;中断breakin强行进入;打断;插嘴breakout(战争等)突然发生,爆发breakup分解;打碎;破裂;分手breakdown发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃【即时练】[用break的相关短语填空](1)Sheistryingto____________thebadhabit,whichmakesherparentshappy.

(2)AsthePresident’scararrived,thecrowd____________loudapplause.

(3)Whenthenewscamethatthewar____________,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.

(4)Closethedoorandwindowscarefullytopreventsomestrangers____________.

[完成句子](5)Thetruckmydaddroveoften_______________,whichmademydadintrouble.我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。答案:(1)breakawayfrom(2)brokeinto(3)brokeout(4)breakinginto(5)brokedownontheway【高考真题链接】1.（2024年全国卷Ⅲ）・语法填空Thecar________(break)downonthewaytotheairport,sowehadtotakeataxi.答案：broke解析：考查动词时态。breakdown表“出故障”，结合“hadto”可知用一般过去时，break的过去式为broke。2.（2025年新高考Ⅰ卷）・单选Whenthefire________(break)out,thefirefightersarrivedquicklyandputitoutin10minutes.brokeB.breaksC.wasbreakingD.willbreak答案：A解析：考查动词时态。breakout表“爆发”，为瞬间动词，无进行时；结合“arrived”可知用一般过去时，故选A。3.（2023年江苏卷）・翻译题这个地区在1999年脱离了原国家，成为一个独立的共和国。答案：Thisregionbrokeawayfromtheoriginalcountryin1999andbecameanindependentrepublic.解析：考查breakawayfrom的搭配，表“脱离原国家”，结合1999年用一般过去时。9.aswellas同(一样也);和;还[教材原句]Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(P40)它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。[归纳点拨](1)aswellas常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；(2)aswell“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。【即时练】单句语法填空(1)Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,___________(interview)shortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.

(2)Aswellas___________(write)stories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.③Theteacheraswellashisstudents___________(interest)inthefilm.④ManystudentsaswellasTom___________(be)presentatthemeeting.(2)完成句子⑤IcanspeakfluentEnglishand_____________________.我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。⑥Youwillalwayshavethebad______________________.人生在世总是有苦有甜。答案:(1)wasinterviewed(2)writing③wasinterested④were⑤IcanspeakFrenchaswell⑥aswellasthegoodintheworld【高考真题链接】1.2024年新高考Ⅱ卷・语法填空Theteacheraswellasherstudents________(be)interestedinthenewscienceexhibition.答案：is解析：考查主谓一致。aswellas连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语（theteacher）保持一致，用单数；结合语境用一般现在时，故填is。2.2025年天津卷・单选Sheenjoysreading________wellaswriting,andhaspublishedtwonovels.asB.soC.tooD.also答案：A解析：考查固定搭配。aswellas为固定短语，表“和；还”，此处连接reading和writing，故选A。3.2023年山东卷・翻译题他不仅擅长打篮球，还会弹钢琴，经常在学校文艺晚会上表演。答案：Heisgoodatplayingbasketballaswellasplayingthepiano,andoftenperformsattheschoolartevening.解析：考查aswellas连接并列动名词，表“不仅……还……”，贴合“多才多艺”的语境。10.keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意(教材P41)【即时练】单句语法填空①(牛津高阶)IhopeIneverseteyes________thisplaceagain!②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Soinsteadoftyinghimup,Ijustkept________closeeyeonhim.单句表达③(剑桥高阶)突然的一动引起了我的注意。Asuddenmovement________________．④(柯林斯词典)我要求巡逻骑警密切注意。Iaskthemountedpatrolto__________________________．答案：①on②a③caughtmyeye④keeptheireyesopen【高考真题链接】1.（2025年浙江卷）・语法填空Keep________eyeonthechildwhenheplaysnearthepool,incasehefallsin.答案：an解析：考查固定搭配。keepaneyeon为固定短语，表“留意；照看”，eye为可数名词，且以元音音素开头，故填an。2.（2024年江苏卷）・单选Asuddenmovementinthebushes________(catch)hereye,andshestoppedtolookcarefully.caughtB.catchesC.iscatchingD.willcatch答案：A解析：考查固定短语和时态。catchone’seye表“引起某人注意”，结合“stopped”可知用一般过去时，故选A。3.（2023年天津卷）・翻译题在陌生的城市旅行时，要留意周围的环境，确保自身安全。答案：Whentravelinginastrangecity,keepyoureyesopenforthesurroundingenvironmenttoensureyourownsafety.解析：考查keepyoureyesopenfor的搭配，表“留意周围环境”，贴合“旅行安全”的语境。11.ifany如果有的话[教材原句]Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?(P40)那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢?(1)句中的ifany是ifthereisanydifference的省略形式。ifany为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”，if用作连词。①Pleaseletmeknowhowmanyareing,ifany.如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少。(2)ifnot“如果不这样的话”。②Areyoupressedfortime?Ifnot,Isuggestwehavelunch.你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。(3)ifso“如果这样的话”。③(2020·天津7月高考)Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary？Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。(4)ifever“如果曾经有的话”。④Sheseldom,ifever,goestothetheatre.如果曾经有的话，她也很少去看戏。(5)ifnecessary“如果有必要的话”。⑤Ifnecessary,youmightcalltoaskforabreak.如果有必要，你可以打电话请假。(6)ifpossible“如果有可能的话”。⑥Ifpossible,oftentellheryourfeelingsaboutthethingsaroundyou.如果可能的话，经常告诉她你对周围事物的感受。【即时练】[完成句子](1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗?如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。Willyougetafreeeveningnextweek?___________,let’shaveadinner.(2)大家感到冷吗?如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。Iseverybodyfeelingcold?___________,let’sopenthewindow.(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。___________,youcanturntomeforhelp.(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。Pleasetrytofindoutthedifferencesbetweenthetwowords.___________,speakitout.答案:(1)Ifso(2)Ifnot(3)Ifnecessary(4).Ifany【高考真题链接】1.（2024年全国卷Ⅰ）・语法填空Pleaseletmeknowifthereareanychanges,orif________,wewillstartasplanned.答案：not解析：考查省略结构。此处ifnot为iftherearenochanges的省略，表“如果没有变化”，故填not。2.（2025年新高考Ⅱ卷）・单选Doyouhaveanysparetimethisweekend?________any,let’sgotothecinema.IfB.IfnotC.IfsoD.Ifever答案：C解析：考查省略结构。ifso为ifyouhavesparetime的省略，表“如果有（时间）的话”，结合“去看电影”可知选C。3.（2023年浙江卷）・翻译题如果有必要，你可以随时打电话给我，我会尽力帮你。答案：Ifnecessary,youcancallmeatanytimeandIwilltrymybesttohelpyou.解析：考查ifnecessary的省略结构，表“如果有必要的话”，贴合“求助”的语境。12.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构[教材原句]Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。【词块必记】with复合结构的常见形式：witheq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing表示主动、进行,sth.done表示被动、完成,sth.todo表示将来))【即时练】①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull­bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign________(praise)thefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)！”②Withagreatweight________(take)offhermind,shepassedallthetestssuccessfully.③Withalotofwork________(do),shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.④Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog________(follow)them.⑤Withmanybrightly­colouredflowers________(plant)aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.⑥Withsomanythings________(consider),wehaven'tdecidedonthefinalplanyet.答案:①praising②taken③todo④following⑤planted⑥toconsider【高考真题链接】1.（2024年浙江卷）・语法填空Withallthework________(finish),wewentouttohaveacelebrationdinner.答案：finished解析：考查with复合结构。work与finish为被动关系，需用过去分词作宾补，表“工作被完成”，故填finished。2.（2025年新高考Ⅰ卷）・单选Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabook________(hold)inhishand.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.hold答案：B解析：考查with复合结构。book与hold为被动关系，需用过去分词held作宾补，表“书被拿在手里”，故选B。3.（2023年全国卷Ⅱ）・翻译题她站在窗前，看着外面飘落的雪花，陷入了沉思。答案：Shestoodbythewindowwithsnowflakesfallingoutside,lostinthought.解析：考查with+宾语+doing的结构，snowflakes与fall为主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，表“雪花飘落”。语法点Grammar过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词(pastparticiple)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加­ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。[观察例句]1．Beforetheshow，hundredsofexcitedvisitorswaitedintheirseatseagerly.2．eandreadthepoemwrittenbyaneight­year­oldboy!3．Ifeltmyselfoftenconfusedatfirst.4．Shehadherpaintingboxedsoitwasdeliveredsafely.[归纳用法]一、过去分词作定语1．意义及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成apollutedriver一条被污染的河流thewateredflowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起的太阳2．位置单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。Awatchedpotneverboils.[谚语]心急锅不开。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行Thecarbelongingtomyunclewasstolenlastweek.我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。Thebridgebuiltin2013wasdesignedbyalocalpany.2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。4．难点突破三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done被动的动作已经完成beingdone被动的动作正在发生tobedone被动的动作将要发生Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天开的会很重要。Allthemembersoftheteamhaveattendedthemeetingbeingheld.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。Itissaidthatthereisameeting