第1讲定语从句（原卷版）

第1讲定语从句2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用）（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）内容提要思维导图表格呈现对点练习单题突破综合提升一、定语从句基础框架表此表格梳理定语从句的核心定义、三要素及分类，明确“先行词关系词从句”的逻辑关系，是理解定语从句的基础框架。类别具体内容定义主从复合句中修饰限定名词/代词的从句，相当于形容词（又称形容词性从句），需通过关系词连接先行词与从句。三要素1.先行词：被修饰的名词/代词，可指人、物、时间、地点或整个主句内容2.关系词：分关系代词（that/which/who等）和关系副词（when/where/why），在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语3.从句：依附先行词，结构完整，功能是修饰先行词分类1.限制性：无逗号，是先行词不可缺部分（如“ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied”）2.非限制性：有逗号，仅补充说明（如“Heboughtahouse,whoseroofwasred”）3.分割型：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开（如“Thedaysaregonewhenwereliedonmanuallabor”）注意事项：1.逗号是区分限制/非限制性从句的关键，不可随意添加或省略；2.分割型从句需根据语义找准先行词，避免误判中间成分。二、关系代词用法表此表格梳理6类核心关系代词的适用场景、句法功能及关键规则，覆盖“that与which区别”“as的特殊用法”等高频考点。关系代词先行词从句中功能核心用法规则who人主语、宾语1.可与that互换；2.引导“Anyonewho…”“Thosewho…”句型；3.不可用于“介词+关系代词”和非限制性从句whom人宾语（可省）1.可与that互换或省略；2.仅用于“介词+whom”结构；3.非限制性从句中不可省which物主语、宾语1.限制性从句可与that互换；2.引导非限制性从句（不可用that）；3.用于“介词+which”，可指代主句内容that人/物主语、宾语、表语1.不可用于非限制性从句；2.优先用于：先行词为不定代词、被序数词/最高级/only修饰、兼指人+物；3.作宾语可省whose人/物定语（表所属）1.修饰物时可换“the+名词+ofwhich”；2.非限制性从句中不可省as人/物主语、宾语1.用于“such…as…”“so…as…”“thesame…as…”；2.引导非限制性从句表“正如”，可位于句首/中/末注意事项：1.who作主语、whom作宾语，不可混淆；2.非限制性从句、“介词+关系代词”结构中，只能用which，不可用that；3.“thesame…as…”表“同类”，“thesame…that…”表“同一事物”。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Theteacheroftentellsusstoriesabouttheheroes__________devotedtheirlivestoourcountry.2.Thisistheoldlibrary__________weborrowedmanyinterestingbookswhenwewereinprimaryschool.3.Myclassmateshowedmethenewmobilephone__________screenismadeofaspecialkindofglass.4.Thefamouswriterwillattendthemeeting__________isheldtocelebratethe100thanniversaryofthemagazine.5.Istillremembertheday__________myparentstookmetothesciencemuseumforthefirsttime.三、关系副词用法表此表格梳理3类关系副词的适用场景、句法功能及特殊规则，明确“抽象先行词修饰”“time的特殊用法”等难点。关系副词先行词类型从句中功能核心用法规则when时间名词（day/age等）时间状语1.可换“介词+which”；2.“time”表“次数”用that，表“时间”用when；3.可修饰抽象时间名词（occasion等）where地点名词（school/case等）地点状语1.可换“介词+which”；2.可修饰抽象地点名词（case/situation等）；3.先行词在从句中作主语/宾语时，用that/whichwhy原因名词（reason）原因状语1.仅用于“Thereasonwhy…”句型；2.reason在从句中作宾语时，用that/which；3.可换“forwhich”注意事项：1.先行词是时间/地点名词，但若在从句中作主语/宾语，需用关系代词，不可用关系副词；2.why仅修饰reason，不可用于其他原因类名词。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Thereason__________hewaslatefortheimportantmeetingwasthathiscarbrokedownontheway.2.Wefinallyarrivedatthesmalltown__________mygrandparentshadlivedformorethanfiftyyears.3.Ican’tforgettheyear__________ourschoolwonthefirstprizeinthenationaldebatepetition.4.Thesituation__________weneedtomakeaquickdecisionrequiresustostaycalmandfocused.5.Thetime__________wespendtogetheronweekendsisalwaysfulloflaughterandjoy.四、重难点突破表此表格聚焦“介词+关系代词”和“主谓一致”两大重难点，梳理核心规则与应用场景。重难点类型核心规则关键示例方向介词+关系代词1.先行词指人用whom，指物用which，不可用that/who；2.介词选择：依先行词搭配、从句谓语搭配、语境逻辑1.先行词搭配：thereasonforwhich；2.谓语搭配：learnfromwhom；3.语境：withoutwhich主谓一致1.先行词作主语，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致；2.“oneof…+名词复数”后从句用复数；“theonlyoneof…+名词复数”后从句用单数1.Anyonewhobreaksrulesispunished；2.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavereadthebook；3.SheistheonlyonewhoknowsEnglish注意事项：1.“介词+关系代词”中，介词不可后置到从句末尾（口语除外）；2.区分“oneof…”与“theonlyoneof…”的谓语单复数差异，避免误判。“介词+关系代词”结构用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Theprofessor__________welearnedalotaboutmodernliteraturewillgivealecturenextmonth.2.Thisisthepany__________myfatherhasworkedforovertwentyyears.3.Theancientbuilding__________manypreciousculturalrelicswerestolenlastyearisnowunderrepair.4.Thestudent__________theteacherpraisedinclasshasmadegreatprogressinhisstudies.5.Themagazine__________weoftengetusefulinformationaboutscienceandtechnologyisverypopularamongstudents.主谓一致用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Heisoneofthestudentswho__________(win)thenationalscholarshipthisyear.2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho__________(be)abletospeakthreeforeignlanguagesfluently.3.Thebooksinthisbookstorethat__________(relate)toenvironmentalprotectionsellverywellrecently.4.Theteamwhich__________(consist)offiveexperienceddoctorswillbesenttothedisasterareatomorrow.5.Theoldtreesinourmunitythat__________(plant)thirtyyearsagostillprovideshadeforresidents.五、易混易错点表此表格梳理3类高频易混易错点，明确区分方法与避坑技巧。易混类型区分方法避坑示例关系代词vs副词从句缺主语/宾语用代词，不缺成分（需作状语）用副词1.缺宾语：Thedaysthatwespent（用that）；2.作状语：Thedayswhenwetraveled（用when）介词+关系代词误用先行词指人必用whom，指物必用which，不可省错误：Theartisttowhoshedonated；正确：Theartisttowhomshedonatedasvsthat“such…as…”“so…as…”引导定语从句（缺成分）；“such…that…”“so…that…”引导结果状语从句（不缺成分）1.缺成分：SuchagoodbookasIlike（用as）；2.不缺成分：SuchagoodbookthatIlikeit（用that）注意事项：1.分析从句成分是区分代词与副词的核心，不可仅凭先行词类型判断；2.“as”引导定语从句需搭配特定句型，不可随意替换为“that”。一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Themarathonrunnermaintainedhissteadypace,conservinghisenergy,anddidn’tmakehisfinalpushuntilhereachedthelastmileoftherace,thefinishlinewaswithinsight.2．（2526高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）Itwasnotjustahikebutajourneythroughtime,thepastwasbroughttolifethestoriesofthevillagers.3．（2526高三上·四川广元·阶段练习）Sheeventuallyreachedapointshehadtomakeachoicebetweenhercareerandherfamily.4．（2526高三上·上海·阶段练习）hasbeendescribedabove,it’sageneralrulethatsolidsexpandasthetemperatureincreasesandcontractwhentheyarecooled.5．（2425高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrain.6．（2324高三上·江苏南通·期末）Asweexploretheworldingreaterdepth,wemayreachapointitisimpossibletorunanexperimentalscenariointherealworldduetophysical,ethicalorfinanciallimitations.7．（2526高三上·河南信阳·阶段练习）ZhanghasmadeseveraltripstoSpainsincereceivinghisfirstSpanishstudentin2006,duringtimehehassharedhisknowledgewiththousandsofstudentsofallages.8．（2425高三上·广东佛山·阶段练习）EventhoughTuYouyouisnotinterestedinfame,shehasbeeascientistworkisinternationallyrenowned.9．（2324高三下·广东广州·开学考试）“It’scalledalongevitytreeinQiandongnan,implicationofhopematchesChina’sboostingspaceindustry.”shesaid.10．（2223高三上·广东梅州·阶段练习）Therefore,performingtheliondancebecameacustompeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safety,andhappiness.11．（2023高三上·全国·专题练习）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogram

givesspecificfertilizerremendationsfarmersand2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）ManyotherbuildingsaroundtheworldhavealsobeencertifiedbyLEED,ofwhichservesastepintherightdirectiontowardsacleanerfuture.13．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,thousandswereattendingawaterconference.14．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Inthiscase,cooleveningairisaslightlydifferenttemperaturethanthesolarcellinthepanel.Thatbeesenergy,istransformedintoelectricity.15．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”isthecenterpieceofthepark,theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.PassageSEQa1（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend1(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare2(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).Howdidthenationalparksystemeabout?Onacool,starrynightinmidSeptember1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin3isnownorthwesternWyoming.They4(be)partofa15memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.Whatshould5(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with6(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved7allpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe8(plete)oftheirjourney.Theirpromotionalworkpaidoff.Twoyearslater,18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe9(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,10becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.PassageSEQa2（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IwasbornandraisedinCleveland,OhiointheUnitedStates.Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,1bambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfreerange,and2(center)heatingdoesn’texist.Nothinginmylifebeforepreparedme3thisoneandtobesure,thefirsttimeIcamehereIneverimaginedIwouldeverfeelfortableinthisarea.Butit’samazinghowyoucanadapt4learninanewenvironment.Overtime,I’vefound5(I)feelingextremelyathomehere.Andintheprocess,I’veexperiencedthingsthatreallysurprisemeattimes.The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes6(be)oneofthem.

Growingup,myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing,denyingmethechance7(discover)oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine—thesweet“sunshinescent”aftersunningclothesforanentireday.ThesundriedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe8(absent)ofsmogandplentyofbluesky9(afternoon)withlotsoffreshair.Ifyou’veneverexperiencedthe“sunshinescent”fromasheetorshirt10(leave)tosunforaday,well,you’remissingoutononeoflife’swonders.PassageSEQa3（2025·山东·一模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Followingthesuccessof“NeZha2”,anotherChineseanimatedfilm“Nobody”hasgoneviral.Itsboxofficeearnings1(total)776millionyuansinceitsdebutonAugust2,smashingtherecordforChinesemade2Danimatedfilms.OnDouban,2filmreviewplatformknownforitsstringent(严格的)ratings,theanimationhasscoredan3(impress)8.6,edgingout“NeZha2”by0.1points.“Bothfilmsareexcellent.Theformerhasgrandspecialeffects,whilethelatterexcelsinstorytelling,”amoviegoer4surnameisCaosaid.5(base)ontheclassic“JourneytotheWest”,thefilmdoesn’tfocusontheMonkeyKing.Instead,itspotlightsmonstersthatappearinthenovel.Agroupoffourlowlevelyaoguaisdecidetojourneywestbydressingup6MonkTang’steam.Thejourneyseesthemsavevillagersfromevilyaoguaisandberememberedas7(hero).“Thefilmputscontemporarythemesontominoryaoguais,8(ultimate)craftinganewstory,”saidproducerChenLiaoyu.Manyviewerslove9(it)sarcastic(讽刺的)takeonworkcultureandfocusonminorcharacters.“Thecinemaisfilledwithlaughsofkidsandadults’tears,”oneDoubanmentreads.“Askids,wedreamedofbeingtheMonkeyKing,only10(realize)we’reordinaryyaoguaisasadults.”ProfessorLiangsaidChinesecreatorsreinventtraditionalstorieswhilehonoringoriginalvalues.PassageSEQa4（2025·贵州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Sincethestartofthesummervacation,manyplaces1(hold)culturaleventssuchas“MeettheIntangibleCulturalHeritage”andICHclasses.Specialitems,guqinandKunquOpera2(include),enrichedtheholiday.AttheChinaTraditionalCultureMuseum,Xi’andrummusic,3originatedintheSuiandTangdynasties,drewvisitorswithitsgracefulandancientmelodies.Aftertheperformance,teachersledthechildreninhandsonclasseswithtraditionalmusicalinstruments,givingthemaninsight4ancientChinesemusic.InHunanprovince,theHunanIntangibleCulturalHeritageProtectionCenterrananinteractiveprogram,5(cover)morethan10traditionalfolkcrafts,suchaspapercuttinganddoughfigurinemaking(面人制作).Duringapottery(陶艺)class,childrentriedthisancientcraftunderthe6(guide)ofskilledmasters.AttheZhejiangIntangibleCulturalHeritageMuseum,youngparticipants7(attentive)learnedtheindigoblueprintinganddyeing(靛蓝印花与染色)techniquefrominheritors.Becauseeachknotwastiedinadifferentway,eachpieceofworkbecame8uniqueartwork.Themuseumorganized90suchexhibitions,demonstrations9handsonactivities.“Suchtraditionalcultureactivitiesgiveyoungvisitorsachance10(experience)thecharmofChinesetraditionsthroughimmersiveparticipation,”saidoneoftheinheritors.PassageSEQa5（2025·广西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WesetofffromPaiVillagetoMotuo,arguablytheremotestcountyinChina.Themountainpathwasstonyandunevenwithlotsofsuddenturns,testingour1(strong)andwillpowerateverystep.Beforedusk,wearrivedatLage,areceptionstation2(consist)ofafewwoodenhouses.Icouldseethethickforestjuststepsawayfromourhouse,3awhitewaterfallhunginthemiddleoftheforest.Atmidnight,itwas4freezingcoldthatIwasawakenedseveraltimes.Overthenextfewdays,wetravelledthroughthejungle,5(follow)acliffcutpathandclimbedendlesshillsides.Though6(push)toourphysicalandmentallimits,wefinallyreachedourdestination.Motuo,locatedinthesouthernfoothillsoftheHimalayas,ispositioneddeepwithintheYarlungTsangpoGrandCanyon,theworld’s7(deep)canyon.Watervapor(水蒸气),formedfromtheIndianOceanandBayofBengal,floatedaroundthehighpeaks.Surroundedbycloudsandmist,wefound8(we)inadreamlikefairylandoftoweringmountainsanddeepvalleys.Numerousbirdssangintheforestwhilesunshinepouredthroughthemistandwoods.Largewhiteliliesblossomedinvastfields.IusedtowonderwhyMotuokeepsdrawinggroupsofreturningtourists.Whenwegazed9silenceatthelandscape,I10(gradual)gottheanswer.PassageSEQa6（2025