Unit1BacktoschoolGrammar-Project导学案-高中英语牛津译林版

江苏译林版高一必修第一册Unit1词汇导学案（II）必修一Unit1Backtoschool:Grammar—Project【学习目标】1.Learnsomeimportantwordsandphrases;2.Applytheminvariousways.核心单词拓展...basevt.以...为基础(依据)n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营→basisn.基础；基准；原因→basicadj.基础的→basicallyadv.大体上；基本上；总的来说；从根本上来说2.proposev.提议，建议→proposaln.提议，建议，动议3.aimn.目的，目标vi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对→aimlessadj.漫无目的的→aimlesslyadv.漫无目的地4.hostn.主人；东道主；主持人vt.主办；主持→hostessn.女主人5.contributevt.贡献；促成；造成→contributionn.贡献；捐款；捐赠6.fortunen.运气；命运；财富→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地，幸亏→unfortunateadj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地7.optionn.可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optionaladj.可选择的8.attractvt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应）→attractiveadj.吸引人的→attractionn.吸引（力）；吸引人的事二、核心短语sth./doingttentiontosth./doingsth.2.管理你的时间manageyourtime3.取得进步makeprogress/advances4.过着快乐的生活liveahappylife5.以..为基础bebasedon=beonthebasisof6.由于…结果asaresultof结果asaresult,…导致resultin由..引起resultfrom7.使你集中注意力keepyoufocusedsth./doingtosth./doingsth.9.提醒某人某事remindsb.ofsth.10.保持积极乐观staypositive11.还清债务;报复；结清工资解雇;成功payoff12.报名参加signupfor13.举起;张贴;投宿putup14.使读者同意你的观点getthereaderstoagreetoyouridea15.在..方面,就..而言intermsof16.作为一个交换生asaexchangestudent17.和某人相处融洽getonwellwithsb.18..与..不同bedifferentfrom=differfrom19.对某人来说做某事很困难it’stoughforsb.todosth./doingcontributionstosth./doingsth.21.贡献;有助于，促成；捐献［赠］；投稿；contributeto22.习惯于作某事beusedtodoing过去常常做某事usedtodo23.实现e

true

24.和某人交朋友makefriendswithsb.25.体验不同的生活方式experiencedifferentwaysoflife26.铺开,展开;布置,设计layout27.选修课optionalcourses28.练习做某事practicedoingsth.29.有做某事的潜力havethepotentialtodo30.随着时间流逝，久而久之overtime31.挑战某人做某事challengesb.todo32.对..有正面的影响havepositiveeffectson33.不遗余力做某事sparenoefforttodo34.提前inadvance/aheadoftime/beforehand35.令某人惊奇的是toone’samazement36.等同;胜任beequalto...对...的态度attitudetowards38.均衡的饮食abalanceddiet39.责任感asenseofresponsibility40.独立于beindependentofsth.41.详细地indetail42.旨在beaimedat43.别无选择只能做某事havenooptionbuttodo44.旅游景点atouristattraction45.精通acquireaknowledgeofsth三、重点词汇学习1.focus n.焦点，重点[singular/un] vt/vi.集中，对焦【归纳总结】thefocusofattention 关注的焦点stheintofocus|bringsthintofocus 成为焦点/使某事成为焦点infocus/outoffocus 〔照片/相机等〕对焦/失焦focusyourattention/mind/energyon/uponsth 把你的注意力集中在某事上focuson/uponsth（synonym(同义词）:concentrate/centeron） 专注于某事antonym反义词distractfrom例：Noisedistractsfromwork.（噪音让人无法专注工作。【例句巩固】 Itwasthemainfocusofattentionatthemeeting. Weshallmaintainourfocusontheneedsofthecustomer. Theincidentbroughttheproblemofviolenceinschoolsintosharpfocus.Thechildren'sfacesarebadlyoutoffocusinthephotograph. Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems. Weneedtofocuspublicattentiononthisissue. Withhermind

focused(focus)onherwork,shedidn’tpayattentiontowhathadhappened.focusthecameraonthekids 2.detail n.细节；具体情况 vt.详细说明，详述【归纳总结】forfurther/moredetails 欲知详情indetail详细地（放在句末做状语）gointodetail(s)详细叙述detailed adj.详细/尽的forfurtherdetails欲知详情giveadetaileddescription/account/analysisofsth 详细说明/描述/分析某事【例句巩固】everydetailofhertrip Forfurtherdetails,pleasecontactme.Hedescribedtheprocessindetail. Thereportdetailstheprogresswehavemadeoverthelastyear. 3.asaresultof由于【归纳总结】asaresult/consequenceofsth=onaccountof/dueto/owingto 因为（后接短语）asaresult/consequence,句子。 因此，…（后接句子）resultfrom+原因resultin+结果（giveriseto/contributeto/leadto/cause/bringabout）【例句巩固】Heworkedveryhard.Asaresult,hehadhisEnglishimproved.－HehadhisEnglishimprovedasaresultofworkinghard.Thetalksresultedinreducingthenumberofmissiles.Wearestilldealingwithproblemsresultingfromerrorsmadeinthepast.巧学活用:同义句改写Hewaslazysohefailed.=1.Hefailed_____asaresultof____hislaziness.=2.Hewaslazy._____Asaresult_____,hefailed.=3.Hislaziness____3.resultedin___hisfailure.=4.Hisfailure___4.resultedfrom____hislaziness.4.tipn.提示,技巧；尖端；顶,尖端,梢,倾斜,轻击,末端,小费,秘密消息...在...顶端装附加物,使倾斜,使翻倒,暗示,轻击,给,泄露,给小费vi.倾斜,翻倒,倾覆,踮脚走,给小费【归纳总结】atipon/fordoingsth 做某事的建议 onthetipofyourtongue 话在嘴边上（却一时想不起来）thetipoftheiceberg （问题的）冰山一角，端倪【例句巩固】usefultipsonhowtosavemoney 几个省钱的窍门儿thetipsofyourfingers 手指尖Itippedthebottleoveranditbroke.give/offerthewaiteralarge/generous/bigtip base n.底部,基础,根据地,基地,本部,基数,(运动)出发点...以...作基础,基于（依据）adj.卑鄙的,低级的【归纳总结】laythebase/foundationforsth 为…打基础baseAon/uponB=AbebasedonB 把A建立在B之上【例句巩固】 anairbaseatthebaseofthemountain Thatpanyhasofficesallovertheworld,buttheirbaseisinParis.Theywerelayingthebaseforaneweconomicrecovery.Oneshouldalwaysbaseone'sopinionsonfacts.Theirrelationshipwasbaseduponmutualrespect. 【延伸拓展】basicadj.基础的basicallyadv.基础地 basicresearch基础研究basisn.基础,根据,基底 bases（pl.）onthebasisofsth在某事基础上；根据某事 onaregular/weeklybasis定期/每周Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisofherkindness. 她因心地善良而被选做这项工作。巧学活用:单句语法填空1.Thisisafilm___based__(base)onanovelwiththesamename. 2.___Based_(base)onanovelwiththesamename,thefilmisasuccess. 3.__Basing__(base)youropinionsonfacts,youcanbeobjective.6.remind vt.提醒，使想起remindern.暗示;提醒者[物],令人回忆的东西,纪念品【归纳总结】remindsbofsth 使某人想起…；提醒某人某事remindsb(not)todosth 提醒某人（不）做某事remindsb(that)…keepsbremindedofsth/that… 使某人想起某事【例句巩固】Theaudiencewasremindedtoturntheircellphonesoffinthetheatre.Heputupapictureofhisfavoritestarbesidethebedtokeephimselfremindedofhisowndreams.7.stickto 坚持；固守，维持 (stickstuckstuck)【归纳总结】stickto(doing)sth 坚持(做)某事sticktoone’sdream/word 坚持某人的梦想/坚守诺言sticktoone’sdecision/principles/therules 坚持自己的决定/原则/规则sticktoone’sthepoint/subject/facts 紧扣主题/题目/事实sticktothepath/road 沿着小径/大路等走〔以免迷路〕get/bestuckinthetraffic/mud 堵车/陷入泥潭【例句巩固】Everyonesaiditwasanimpossibleplan,butshestucktocarryingitoutandsucceeded.8.proposal n.提议，建议，动议【归纳总结】eupwithaproposal 想出一个建议putforwardaproposalfor/todosth 提出做某事的建议。approveof/acceptaproposal 批准/接受提案rejectaproposal 否决提议 【例句巩固】Themitteeputforwardaproposaltoreducethetimelimit. 【延伸拓展】propose vt.建议proposedoingsth 建议做某事proposethatSb(should)doItisproposedthatSb(should)do 建议某人做…【例句巩固】 Sheproposedthatthebookshouldbebanned. 她提议查禁这本书。InhisspeechheproposedthattheUNshouldsetupanemergencycentrefortheenvironment.巧学活用:单句语法填空①Hisproposalthatthesystem___(should)bechanged____(change)wasrejected.②Heproposed__changing___(change)thenameofthepany. 9.aim n.目的，目标 vi/vt.力争做到；目的是；针对；瞄准【归纳总结】achieveone’saim 实现某人的目标withtheaimofsth=forthepurposeofsth 为了takeaimat... 瞄准aimtodo/aimatdoingsth 力求做到某事beaimedat(doing)sth 旨在，目的是beaimedatsb 针对；对象是withtheaimof......为目的【例句巩固】aimthegunatherhead Withalltheaimshesetforhimselfachieved（achieve),hedecidedtotakeaholidaytorelaxhimself.HecametoChinawiththeaimofacquiringagoodknowledgeofChinese.Alantookaimatthetarget. 艾伦瞄准了目标。Thesemeasuresareaimedatpreventingviolentcrime. 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。Thebookisaimedatveryyoungchildren. 【延伸拓展】aimlessadj.无目标的aimlesslyadv.漫无目的巧学活用:单句语法填空①Thenewtoy____aimed___(aim)atchildrenhasbeenasurprisehitwithadults.②__Aimed ___(aim)atimprovingthetasteoflife,thisfashionmanualhasbeenpopularwithyoungsters.③Theyare__aiming__(aim)toreduceunemploymentby50%. 10.style n.风格；方式；样式 in/outofstyle时髦的/过时的11.techniquen.技巧，技艺；技能 marketingtechniques 营销技巧12.professionaladj.职/专业的;有职业的;娴熟的,精通业务的 n.专门人员，专业人士【例句巩固】seekprofessionalhelp professionalknowledgehealthprofessionals Thisbusinessplanlooksveryprofessional. 【延伸拓展】professionn.行业，职业 gointo/enter/joinaprofession 加入一个行业13.material n.材料；素材 adj.物质的，实际的；客观存在的【例句巩固】rawmaterial原料 thematerialworld物质世界14.secondaryadj.中学的；次要的【归纳总结】secondaryeducation 中学教育besecondaryto 居于其次secondtonone 不亚于任何人[事物]，首屈一指【例句巩固】Writingwasalwayssecondarytospendingtimewithmyfamily.aquestionofsecondaryimportance 次要问题Asadancer,heissecondtonone. 作为舞者，他是首屈一指的。 15.exchangen/vt.交换；交流；兑换【归纳总结】inexchangeforsth 交换…anexchangeofsth …的交换/交流exchangeAforB 把A兑换/更换/调换成B exchangesthwithsb 和某人交换/交流……【例句巩固】anexchangestudent exchangeoffire/gunfire exchangerate汇率WouldyoulikemyoldTVinexchangeforthiscamera? Weneedtopromoteanopenexchangeofideasandinformation. WherecanIexchangemydollarsforpounds? Heexchangedtheblackjacketforablueone. Ishookhandsandexchangedafewwordswiththemanager. 16.host n.主人；东道主；主持人(hostess女主人/女主持人) vt.主办/持【归纳总结】playhosttosth 接待/主办（某事）a(whole)hostofpeople/things 许多人/大量某物 【例句巩固】hostcountry/government/family agameshowhost Thecollegeisplayinghosttoagroupofvisitingscientists. SouthAfricahostedtheWorldCupfinals. 17.biologyn.生物学biologist生物学家biologicaladj.生物/与生物有关的(~parents)18.tough adj.艰难的;严厉的;坚强的;坚固的;(肉)难切开的,嚼不烂的,老的

(parative

tougher,

superlative

toughest)【归纳总结】gothroughatoughtime 经历艰难的时期betoughonsb 对某人严厉astoughasnails坚如磐石;硬如铁钉astoughasoldboots非常坚韧;十分耐用【例句巩固】Mymotherwasverytoughonmysister. tough,durableplastic Themeatwastoughandhardtochew. He’sastoughasnailswhenitestonegotiating—heneverbacksdown.（他谈判时非常强硬，从不退让。）Aftersurvivingthataccident,she’sastoughasnails.（经历那场事故后，她变得异常坚韧。）Mygrandfatheris80butstillworksonthefarmeveryday—he’sastoughasoldboots.（我爷爷80岁了还每天在农场干活，身体硬朗得很。）【延伸拓展】toughly adv. toughness un.toughenvt/vi使）变坚韧；（使）变坚强19.alarm n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐/害怕【归纳总结】inalarm 惊慌地（常用作状语）raise/soundthealarm 发警报【例句巩固】aburglar/fire/smokealarmanalarmsystemThecatsetoffthealarm(=madeitstartringing).Caralarmsarealwaysgoingoffinthestreet. Shelookedupinalarm. Idon’twanttoalarmyou,butIcan’tfindthekey. 【延伸拓展】alarmed adj.担忧的；恐慌的 alarmingadj.令人担忧/恐慌的【例句巩固】Manypeoplearealarmedby/attheincreaseinpollution. Therainforestisdisappearingatanalarmingrate. ①Thelittlegirlwas__alarmed__(alarm)atthesnake.②Iturned__in__alarmasthewindblewthedooropen.③Theboywasalarmed___tosee___(see)thebearwalkingtohim.④We___werealarmed_atthe_alarming_screamasthescreamdidalarmus.(alarm)20.contributionn.贡献；捐款；捐赠；（书/杂志）稿件【归纳总结】makeacontribution/contributionstosth 为……做贡献 【例句巩固】makeacontribution/contributionstosociety/charity 为社会做贡献/为慈善事业捐款amagazinewithcontributionsfromwellknowntravelwriters 由著名旅行作家写稿的杂志【延伸拓展】Contributev.捐献/助/赠;促成,造成;(给报纸/杂志)撰/投稿contribute(sth)tosth 为……捐款/投稿contributeto 促成，导致 【例句巩固】Wecontributed(money)totheearthquakefund. Shecontributed(ahostofarticles)tothemagazine. Theheavyraincontributedtothedelayoftheflight. fortunatelyadv.幸运地,幸亏(luckily) 【例句巩固】Fortunatelyforhim,hewasverysoonofferedanotherjob. 【延伸拓展】fortunateadj.幸运的(lucky)fortunatelyadv.幸运地unfortunateadj.不幸运的unfortunatelyadv.不幸运地fortunen.大笔的钱/财富(cn);运气(un);时运/命运cn/un.【归纳总结】befortunateindoingsth.因做某事感到幸运befortunatetodosth.有幸做某事makeafortune发财,赚钱 seekone’sfortune寻出路tryone’sfortune碰运气 havethegood/badfortune运气好/不好tellone’sfortune给某人算命misfortune n.不幸un;不幸的事故cn巧学活用：单句语法填空①Hefelt___fortunate_(fortune)thattheinterviewerspokehighlyofhimduringtheinterview.②__Fortunately___(fortunate),shepromisedmeaninterviewchance.③Iwasfortunate_toenjoy___(enjoy)suchattractivesceneryinyourhometown.单句写作④Knowingthatitwaseasytofinddiamondsinthedesert,hewentthereto__tryhisfortune______（碰运气）.22.overtime随着时间流逝，久而久之【例句巩固】Overtime,theeffectswillspread.归纳拓展intime及时；终于；迟早intimeforsth.赶上某事innotime立即；马上(相当于atonce或immediately,用于句首不倒装)atonetime曾经；一度atnotime从不；决不(用在句首时,句子要部分倒装)atatime每次；一次巧学活用：单句语法填空①Youmustgetthere___in___timeeveniftheweathershouldchange.②At_____notimeshouldwegiveintodifficulties.③Doonethingat___a__timeanddoitwell.④___over_time,youwilllearnfromyourmistakesanddiscoverthekeyissues.同义句改写Astime__goes__(go)by,theeffectswillspread=Withtime___going_(go)by,theeffectswillspread. 23.option n.可选择的事物，选择；选修课【归纳总结】havetheoptionofdoingsth．有……的选择awiderangeofoptions=avarietyofoptions=variousoptions havenooption/choicebuttodosth 别无选择只能做… 【例句巩固】She

hadtheoptionof

stayingforanextrayear. 她可以选择再逗留一年。 Ihad

nooptionbuttorejecthisproposal. 我别无选择，只能拒绝他的提议。【延伸拓展】optional adj.可选择/非强制的 optionalcourses选修课pulsoryadj.规定/强制/义务的 pulsorycourses必修课巧学活用：单句语法填空①AsIseeit,wehavetwo__options__(option).②Goingtocollegewasnot__an__optionforme.③Ihavenooptionbut_toask___(ask)himtoleave.④Certaincoursesarepulsory;othersare_optional__(option).24.butter n.黄油Breadandbutteris(be)whatAmericansusuallyhaveforbreakfast.breadandbutter：除了字面意思，还可指“”（视为整体生活保障）breadandbuttern.

[U]黄油面包片;生计、主要收入来源apieceofbreadandbutter一块黄油面包25.attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应）【归纳总结】attractsbtosth 吸引某人到……上 attract(one’s)attention/interest 吸引(某人的)注意/兴趣attractcriticism 招致批评【例句巩固】Whatattractedmemosttothejobwasthechancetotravel. Thestoryhasattractedalotofinterestfromthemedia. 【延伸拓展】attractive adj.诱人/有吸引力的 anattractivevoice有魅力的声音attractionn.喜爱；吸引人之物；吸引力atouristattraction 旅游景点巧学活用:单句语法填空①__Attracted____(attract)bythebeautifulmusic,hehadnooptionbuttostepintotheshop.②Withhisattention__attracted__(attract)bythefantasticview,hedecidedtostayforanothertwodays. ③.Thebookis___attractive___(attract)toyoungpeople. ④Itisnaturalforpeopletobeattracted_to__beautifulthings.⑤That'swhyIremendthetourist____attraction_(attract)toyou.巩固练习：一、根据汉语或首字母提示填空1.Tellmethemainpointsnow;leavethed________tilllater.2.Mostofthepeopleonthecoursewere________(职业的)women.3.Thef________ofourdiscussiontodayishowtoprotectnaturalresources.4.Thecartoononthe________(海报)wasdrawnbymyfriendJacky.5.Iwaswonderingwhethermy________(提议)wouldbeaccepted.6.Withthehelpofhisteammates,his________(技术)hasimprovedalotoverthepastthreeyears.7.Haveyouthoughtabouthavingyourhairinashorters________?8.Iliketoreadandfillmybrainwithknowledge,sofindingm________forwritingiseasyforme.9.Thefollowingt________canhelpifyouhavesomeoftheseworries. 10.Beijingwillbetheh________ofthenextOlympicWinterGames.11.Theaudiencehurriedtotheexitinpanicwhenthea_______sounded.12.Whatfirst________(吸引)metoherwashersenseofhumour.13.Hemadeaverypositivec________tothesuccessoftheproject.14.Theforumpromotesanopen________(交流)ofideasandinformation.15.Theythinkthattheresultisofonly________(次要的)importancewhileexperienceiswhatmatters.1details2.professional3.focus4.poster5.proposal6.technique.7.style8.material9.tips.10.host11.alarm.12.attracted13.contribution14.exchange15.secondary.

巧学活用答案:3.1.asaresultof2.Asaresult3.resultedin4.resultedfrom）5.based2.Based3.Basing8.①.(should)bechanged ②.changing9.①aimed ②Aimed ③aiming19.①alarmed②in③tosee④werealarmed;