山东省济南市平阴县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省济南市平阴县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）AFourBestLanguageExchangeAppsHelloTalkHelloTalkisalanguageexchangeapplicationthatallowsyoutotalkwithothersfromaroundtheworldforfree.Youcanwriteabriefsummaryaboutyourselfinyourprofile（简介）,chooseyournativelanguageandselectthelanguageandlevelthatyou’recurrentlylearning.Thenyou’reabletosearchfornativelanguagepartnersfromaroundtheworld!WhatsetsHelloTalkapartfromsimilarappsisthatnativespeakerscanedityourmessagesandcorrectyourgrammarwhileyouchattogether.LextTalkLextTalkisanapplicationthatallowsuserstoconnectwithpeoplefromaroundtheworld.Onceyourprofileiscomplete,youcanselectwhichlanguageyouspeakandwhichlanguageyou’dliketolearn.AveryconvenientfeaturethatLextTalkoffersisitsmap.UserscanuseLextTalk’smaptosearchforlanguagepartnersintheirareas,orfindapartnerinaspecificregion.DoongleLikethefeatureofLextTalkbutyouhaveanAndroidphone?Don’tworry,there’sasimilarappforallAndroiduserstoo!Doongleallowsitsuserstosharevoicemessages,photosandmore.LikeLextTalk,Doonglealsohasamapfeature.Doongleoffersaparticulargroupchatfeature,whereyoucantalkaboutEnglishgrammarorsharetipsonhowtomakeapizzawithothers.italkiWithitalki,yougettochooseyourteachersbasedonyourinterestsandgoals.Youpayperlessonbutyougetwhatyoupayfor.Youcanchoosetotakelessonsanytimeandanywheretoyourliking.Ifyoudon’tknowwhichteachertochoose,don’tworry.Allteacherswillhaveavideointroductionofthemselvesandyoucouldalsojudgebylookingthroughpreviousre—viewsfromstudents.1.What’sspecialaboutHelloTalk?A.Itisthebestapplicationtolearngrammar.B.Users’errorscanbecorrectedinthemessage.C.HelloTalkoffersqualitylessonsatalowprice.D.Userscanchooselanguagepartnersbygender.2.Whichoffersprofessionalguidancetoalanguagelearner?A.HelloTalk. B.LextTalk. C.Doongle. D.italki.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Doongledoesn’thaveamapfeature.B.HelloTalkdoesn’tofferatextchatfeature.C.LextTalkisnotsuitableforAndroidusers.D.italkidoesn’toffermuchdetailofteachers.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个语言交流程序。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一部分“WhatsetsHelloTalkapartfromsimilarappsisthatnativespeakerscanedityourmessagesandcorrectyourgrammarwhileyouchattogether.”（HelloTalk与类似应用程序的不同之处在于，说本族语的人可以在一起聊天时编辑信息并纠正语法。）可知，HelloTalk的用户可以在消息中更正用户的错误。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Withitalki,yougettochooseyourteachersbasedonyourinterestsandgoals.”（有了italki，你可以根据你的兴趣和目标来选择你的老师。）可知，italk为语言学习者提供专业指导。故选D项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二部分“LikethefeatureofLextTalkbutyouhaveanAndroidphone?Don’tworry,there’sasimilarappforallAndroiduserstoo!”（像LextTalk的功能，但你有Android手机？别担心，也有一个适用于所有Android用户的类似应用程序！）可知，LextTalk不适合Android用户。故选C项。BOnecoldautumnafternoon,inaforestoutsidethetinyvillageofHümmel,IwentforawalkwiththeGermanforesterPeterWohlleben.Wohllebenhadbeenmanagingtheforestforalmostthreedecades,andhehadcaredforitwithunusualgentleness.Eachtreeiscutindividuallyandremovedusinghorses,ratherthanheavymachinery,toavoiddamagingundergroundnetworksofrootsandfungithatallowtreestoexchangeresourcesandchemicalsignals.Hehascreatedadditionalincomefortheforestbyleadingtoursandteachingcourses,etc.Hehaslonginsistedthatpeoplearoundtheworldcouldandshouldmanagetheirforestslikewise.Untilafewyearsago,virtuallynoonewaslistening.Tomakehisviewsandhisknow-howwidelyknown,Wohllebenbeganwritingbooks.However,hisfirstfifteenreachedamodestaudience.Theturningpointcamein2015withhissixteenthbook,TheHiddenLifeofTrees.InspiredbythewalkingtoursliketheonethatWohllebenwasleadingmeon,heshiftedthetoneinthisbook—fromtechnicalwritingtoawarm,story-likestyle.Hesaid,“ThepeopleIguidedthroughtheforest—theywerehardtrainers.WhenItalkedinawaythatwasn’tinteresting,theywouldbegintalkingwitheachother.”Soheadoptedacheerfulandfriendlytone—likeakinduncletellingfairytales,fullofwarmthandasenseofwonder.Anditstruckachord:TheHiddenLifeofTreeshassoldmorethanamillioncopiesinGermanyalone,andmorethanthreemillionworldwide.Neartheendofourwalk,WohllebenshowedmeaC-shapedstump(树桩).Ithadbeencutdownatleastfiftyyearsago,andyet,somehow,itwasstillalive.Thetree’sroots,manyofwhichgrewabovethesoil,werevisiblyconnectedtoanearbytree.ToWohlleben,thiswasproofoftheremarkablemutualityoftrees—thattheywillcontinuecaringfornearbytreesevenaftertheirdeath.4.WhydoesWohllebenusehorsestoremovetrees?A.Togetaroundeasily. B.Tokeeptheoldtraditionalive.C.Toreduceequipmentcosts. D.Toprotectundergroundrootsandfungi.5.WhatmakesTheHiddenLifeofTreesmorepopularthanWohlleben’searlierbooks?A.Itiswelladvertised. B.Itiseasyandfuntoread.C.Itoffersscientificknowledge. D.Itexploreshuman-naturebond.6.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlined“mutuality”?A.Adaptation. B.Growth. C.Connection. D.Lifespan.7.Whatmightbeasuitabletitle?A.TheSecretLanguageofTrees B.HowaBookChangedForestryC.AForestWalkwithWohlleben D.WohllebenandHisForestMessage【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国林务员Wohlleben温和地管理着森林，其著作《树木的隐秘生活》以故事体风格走红，书中传递树木间相互关联等信息，传播其森林管理理念。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Eachtreeiscutindividuallyandremovedusinghorses,ratherthanheavymachinery,toavoiddamagingundergroundnetworksofrootsandfungithatallowtreestoexchangeresourcesandchemicalsignals.(每棵树都是单独进行砍伐的，并且是用马匹而非重型机械来移除的，这样可以避免破坏地下由根系和菌类构成的网络结构，这些网络结构使得树木能够进行资源交换和化学信号传递)”可知，沃勒莱本用马来移除树木是为了保护地下根系和菌类。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Tomakehisviewsandhisknow-howwidelyknown,Wohllebenbeganwritingbooks.However,hisfirstfifteenreachedamodestaudience.Theturningpointcamein2015withhissixteenthbook,TheHiddenLifeofTrees.InspiredbythewalkingtoursliketheonethatWohllebenwasleadingmeon,heshiftedthetoneinthisbook—fromtechnicalwritingtoawarm,story-likestyle.(为了让更多人了解他的观点和专业知识，沃尔勒本开始撰写书籍。然而，他的前十五本书的读者数量并不多。转折点出现在2015年，他出版了第十六本书《树木的隐秘生活》。受到沃尔勒本带领我进行的徒步旅行活动的启发，他在这本书中改变了风格——从专业的写作风格转变为温暖、类似故事的风格)”以及“Soheadoptedacheerfulandfriendlytone—likeakinduncletellingfairytales,fullofwarmthandasenseofwonder.(于是他便采用了欢快且亲切的语气——就像一位慈祥的叔叔在讲童话故事那样，充满了温暖和奇妙的想象)”可知，《树的秘密生活》比沃尔勒本之前的著作更受欢迎的原因是其易于阅读且充满乐趣。故选B。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thetree’sroots,manyofwhichgrewabovethesoil,werevisiblyconnectedtoanearbytree.(这棵树的根系中有很多部分生长在土壤之上，而且明显与附近的一棵树相连)”可知，文中提到被砍伐的树桩根系与附近树木相连，这体现了树木间的相互关联，“mutuality”在此处指树木间的这种连接关系，故划线词意思是“联系”。故选C。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wohllebenhadbeenmanagingtheforestforalmostthreedecades,andhehadcaredforitwithunusualgentleness.(沃尔勒本管理这片森林已有近三十年之久，他对待这片森林的方式极为温和)”以及第三段“Tomakehisviewsandhisknow-howwidelyknown,Wohllebenbeganwritingbooks.However,hisfirstfifteenreachedamodestaudience.Theturningpointcamein2015withhissixteenthbook,TheHiddenLifeofTrees.(为了让更多人了解他的观点和专业知识，沃尔勒本开始撰写书籍。然而，他的前十五本书的读者数量并不多。转折点出现在2015年，他出版了第十六本书《树木的隐秘生活》)”，结合文章主要说明了德国林务员Wohlleben温和地管理着森林，其著作《树木的隐秘生活》以故事体风格走红，书中传递树木间相互关联等信息，传播其森林管理理念可知，D选项“沃尔勒本和他的森林信息”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D。CItisawell-knownfactthatplasticbottles,whichtakehundredsofyearstorot,areharmfultoourenvironment.However,effortsbyenvironmentaliststoencourageconsumerstoswitchtoalternatives,likewaterfountainsorreusablebottles,havenotbeenveryeffective.TheU.S.aloneusesover50millionplasticbottlesannually,80%ofwhichendupinlandfills.Totrytostopthat,RodrigoGarcíaGonzález,PierrePaslierandGuillaumeCouchefromtheImperialCollegeLondonhavebeenworkingonarevolutionarysolution—waterwrappedinsideaneatablecontainermademostlyfromseaweed.Allthecustomerhastodotorelievehis/herthirstispoptheentiredropintothemouth.Theinventors,whohavebeenworkingontheOohobubblesince2014,useasimpletwo-stepcookingprocesscalledspherification(球化)tocreatethedelicatecontainer.Theybeginbydippingafrozenballofwaterorjuiceintoachemicalsolution(溶液).Thishelpsformalayeraroundtheliquid.Theballisthenabsorbedinasolutionmadefromseaweedextract.Thiscreatesasecondlayer,helpingstrengthenthestructuresothatthewaterorjuicedoesnotleak.Inadditiontosavingourenvironment,thebiodegradable(可降解的)packagingcostsjusttwocentseach,makingitcheapertoproducethanplastic.Afterthreeyearsofperfectingthedesign,theinventors,whorecentlyraisedover1millionUSDfromafinancialactivity,arereadytobringtheOohobubbletolocalmarket.However,thereareafewchallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforetheproduct’slaunch.Inadditiontogettingaccustomedtothetasteofthecovering,eacheatablecontainercontainsjustamouthfulofwater,requiringconsumerstodrinkmultiplebubblestorelievetheirthirst.Thereisalsotheissueoffindinganeco-friendlypackagingtotransportthebubblessothattheyremaincleananddonotburst.Hopefully,theinventorswillfindwaystohandletheissuessothatwecanreduce,orperhapsevenremove,plasticbottles.8.WhywastheOohobubblecreated?A.Totestanewly-designedmaterial. B.Tochangeconsumers’drinkinghabit.C.Toreducepollutioncausedbyplastic. D.Totakeashareofdrinkingwaterindustry.9.Whatwilltheinventorsprobablydonext?A.Solvesomespecificproblemsoftheproduct. B.Collectmoremoneytoexpandproduction.C.DistributetheOohobubbletoglobalmarket. D.AdvertisetheadvantagesoftheOohobubble.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheOohobubble’slaunch?A.Uncaring. B.Doubtful. C.Confident. D.Opposed.11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsWorkoutaNewKindofWaterB.PlasticBottlesWillBeReplacedbytheOohoBubbleC.EnvironmentalPollutionisExpectedtoBeSolvedD.TheOohoBubbleAimstoRemovePlasticBottles【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新型饮用水Oohobubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itisawell-knownfactthatplasticbottles,whichtakehundredsofyearstorot,areharmfultoourenvironment.(众所周知，塑料瓶要几百年才能腐烂，对我们的环境有害。)”以及“TheU.S.aloneusesover50millionplasticbottlesannually,80%ofwhichendupinlandfills.(仅美国每年就使用超过5000万个塑料瓶，其中80%最终被扔进了垃圾填埋场。)”可知，Oohobubble被研发出来的目的是为了结局塑料造成的污染问题。故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However,thereareafewchallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforetheproduct’slaunch.(然而，在产品发布之前还有一些挑战需要克服。)”可知，Oohobubble研发者在接下来会解决产品存在的具体问题。故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hopefully,theinventorswillfindwaystohandletheissuessothatwecanreduce,orperhapsevenremove,plasticbottles.(希望发明者能找到解决问题的方法，这样我们就能减少，甚至移除塑料瓶。)”可知，作者对Oohobubble投放市场是充满信心的。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了新型饮用水Oohobubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。同时文章也指出，研发这种饮用水的目的是为了解决塑料水瓶带来的污染问题。故D选项“TheOohoBubbleAimstoRemovePlasticBottles(“Ooho泡泡”旨在去除塑料瓶)”能够概括文章大意。故选D。DChineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)aboardtheTiangongspacestationandthisexperimentmayofferkeyinsightsintohowastronautscangrowfoodtosupportlong—termspacemissions,expertssaidonMonday.Thisexperimentisthefirsttoproducethecompletelifecycleoftheplant,whichbeginswithaseedandendswithamatureplantproducingnewseeds.ThebreakthroughwasconductedintheWentianspacelaboratory,whichwaslaunchedintoorbitonJuly24,2022.Threeastronautswereconductingtheexperimentsmoothlyandtestingtheplantsaccordingtotheplan.“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell,”saidZhengHuiqiong,aresearcherofthetask,addingthattheexperimentalsocontainedseedlingsofasmallfloweringplantoftenusedbyscientiststostudymutations(变异).“Theastronautswillkeepmonitoringtheplants,andifitissuccessful,theywillcollectthenewlyproducedseedsandbringthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudies,”shenotedThefloweringstageiscrucialforplantreproductivedevelopment.“Wewanttoinvestigatehowmicrogravitycanaffecttheplantfloweringtimeandwhetheritispossibletousethemicrogravityenvironmenttocontroltherelatedprocess,”shesaid.Sincethe1980s,ChinahasbeentakingseedsofriceandothercropstospacetohelpthemmutateandproducehigheryieldsoncetheywereplantedonEarth.Butgrowingriceinorbitisadifferentchallengeduetothetoughconditionsofspacesuchasmicrogravityandlackofair.Ricehasbeenamainfoodforastronautssincetheearlydaysofspaceexploration.Freeze—driedchickenandricewasthemenufortheApollo11mission,whichcarriedthefirsthumanstolandonthemooninJuly1969.“ButifwewanttolandonandexploreMars,bringingfoodfromEarthisnotenoughtoprovidefortheastronauts’longjourneyandmissioninspace.Wehavetofindafoodsourceforlongtermspaceexplorations,”Zhengadded.12.What’sthesignificanceofChineserecentspacericeexperiment?A.Itenableshumanbeingstomovetoanotherplanet.B.Ithelpspeoplegetabetterideaofthehumanlifecycle.C.ItinspiresmoreothercountriestodospaceexplorationsD.Itmakesitpossibletocarryoutlong—termspacemissions13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Themutation. B.Theexperiment.C.Theexploration.D.Thespacemission.14.Whyhavecropseedsbeenbroughttospacesincethelastcentury?A.Topromotegeneticchangesandincreasecropharvest.B.Tofigureouthowtocreateanearth—likeenvironment.C.Tostudytheimpactofmicrogravityoncropgrowth.D.Todevelopnewcropspecieswithstrongabilitytoadapt.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablyfrom?A.Amedicalreport. B.Afashionmagazine.C.Asciencenewspaper. D.Ahistorybook.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国宇航员在天宫空间站成功种植水稻幼苗，这项实验可能为宇航员如何种植粮食以支持长期太空任务提供关键见解。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)aboardtheTiangongspacestationandthisexperimentmayofferkeyinsightsintohowastronautscangrowfoodtosupportlong—termspacemissions,expertssaidonMonday.(专家周一表示，中国宇航员已经成功地在天宫空间站上种植水稻幼苗，这一实验可能为宇航员如何种植食物以支持长期太空任务提供关键见解。)”中国最近的太空水稻实验使执行长期太空任务成为可能，故选D。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段““Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell,”saidZhengHuiqiong,aresearcherofthetask,addingthattheexperimentalsocontainedseedlingsofasmallfloweringplantoftenusedbyscientiststostudymutations(变异).(“水稻幼苗长得很好，”该任务的研究员郑慧琼说，他补充说，该实验还包含了一种小型开花植物的幼苗，科学家经常用它来研究突变)”可知如果实验成功，他们将收集新产生的种子，并将它们带回地球进行进一步研究。故此处的it指代实验，故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Sincethe1980s,ChinahasbeentakingseedsofriceandothercropstospacetohelpthemmutateandproducehigheryieldsoncetheywereplantedonEarth.(自20世纪80年代以来，中国一直在将水稻和其他作物的种子带到太空，帮助它们在地球上种植后发生突变，从而产生更高的产量。)”可推断自上个世纪以来农作物种子被带到太空，促进基因变化，提高作物产量。故选A。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)aboardtheTiangongspacestationandthisexperimentmayofferkeyinsightsintohowastronautscangrowfoodtosupportlong—termspacemissions,expertssaidonMonday.(专家周一表示，中国宇航员已经成功地在天宫空间站上种植水稻幼苗，这一实验可能为宇航员如何种植食物以支持长期太空任务提供关键见解。)”可知文章是关于科学的一篇报道，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Criticismisharmfultohealthyrelationships.___16___First,workonchangingyourownbehavior.Then,findeffectivewaystocommunicateifsomeonebothersyou.ChangingYourBehavior●Thinkbeforeyouspeak.___17___Sometimes,it’sbesttoletsmallindiscretions(轻率的行为)go.Trytakingafewdeepbreathsandleavingtheroominsteadofcriticizing.●Separatetheindividualfromtheiractions.Ifyouworkonseparatingthepersonfromtheaction,youmaynaturallywanttocriticizeless.Asyourealizeyoucannotjudgeaperson’scharacterbasedonasinglechoiceordecision,youwillbeunabletocallsomeoneoutforbeingrudeordisrespectful.●Focusonpositives.Oftentimes,beingcriticalresultsfromhowyou’rechoosingtoseeasituation.Everyonehasshortcomings.However,thevastmajorityofpeoplehavegoodqualitiesthatoutweighbadones.___18___CommunicatingMoreEffectively●___19___Somepeoplehaveissuesthatmayneedaddressing.However,feedbackisverydifferentfromcriticism.Whenaddressinganissue,focusonsuggestionsyoucanmaketohelpanotherpersonimprove,whichismoreeffectivethancriticizing.●Askforwhatyouwantdirectly.Inefficientcommunicationoftenresultsinheavycriticism.___20___Makesuretoaskforwhatyouwantinadirect,respectfulmanner.Thiswilleliminate(消除)theneedforcriticism.●Considertheotherparty’sperspective.Ifyoucriticizeotherstoooften,youmaybeshuttingouttheotherperson’spointofview.Trytostepinanotherperson’sshoesbeforecriticizingandyoumaygetsomenewandspecialideas.A.Givefeedbackratherthancriticism.B.However,therearewaystoavoidcriticism.C.Trytofocusonaperson’spositivequalitiesovertheirnegativeones.D.Ifyoufindyourselfmakingassumptionsaboutaperson’scharacter,stopyourself.E.Ifyou’renottellingsomeonewhatyouwant,thatpersoncannotbeexpectedtoknow.F.Criticismshould,ideally,beworkingtowardsaneffectivesolutiontoanegativesituation.G.Whenyouwanttodishoutcriticism,pauseandconsiderwhetheryoureallyneedtosayanything.【答案】16.B17.G18.C19.A20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一些如何避免批评别人的方法。【16题详析】上文“Criticismisharmfultohealthyrelationships.（批评对健康的关系是有害的。）”说明人际交往中批评别人不利于关系的健康发展。下文“First,workonchangingyourownbehavior.Then,findeffectivewaystocommunicateifsomeonebothersyou.（首先，努力改变你自己的行为。然后，如果有人打扰你，找到有效的沟通方式。）”给出一些具体的解决方法。B项“However,therearewaystoavoidcriticism.（然而，有一些方法可以避免批评。）”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。【17题详析】上文“Thinkbeforeyouspeak.（三思之后再说话。）”说明该段给出的建议是说话之前应该好好思考。G项“Whenyouwanttodishoutcriticism,pauseandconsiderwhetheryoureallyneedtosayanything.（当你想要提出批评时，停下来想想是否真的需要说点什么。）”是对该段主旨的进一步解释，说明想要批评之前应该先思考，符合语境。故选G项。【18题详析】该段主旨句“Focusonpositives.（关注积极的方面。）”以及空前“Oftentimes,beingcriticalresultsfromhowyou’rechoosingtoseeasituation.Everyonehasshortcomings.However,thevastmajorityofpeoplehavegoodqualitiesthatoutweighbadones.（通常，批判源于你选择如何看待一个情况。每个人都有缺点。然而，绝大多数人都有好的品质，而不是坏的。）”说明该段主要讲述每个人都有缺点，然而大多数人的优点多于缺点，人们应该多关注别人积极的方面。C项“Trytofocusonaperson’spositivequalitiesovertheirnegativeones.（试着关注一个人的积极品质而不是消极品质。）”承接上文，其中的“focusonaperson’spositivequalities”和段首“Focusonpositives”相呼应，说明我们应该多关注一个人的积极品质。故选C项。【19题详析】上文“CommunicatingMoreEffectively（更有效地沟通）”说明该部分给出的避免批评的方法是进行有效沟通。下文“Somepeoplehaveissuesthatmayneedaddressing.However,feedbackisverydifferentfromcriticism.Whenaddressinganissue,focusonsuggestionsyoucanmaketohelpanotherpersonimprove,whichismoreeffectivethancriticizing.（有些人可能有需要解决的问题。然而，反馈与批评是截然不同的。在解决一个问题的时候，把重点放在你可以提出的帮助他人提高的建议上，这比批评更有效。）”说明该段主要讲述帮助别人解决问题时，反馈并且给出建议比批评更有效。A项“Givefeedbackratherthancriticism.（给予反馈而不是批评。）”置于句首，概括该段主旨，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详析】段首句“Askforwhatyouwantdirectly.（直接说出你想要的东西。）”说明该段主要讲述在有效沟通中需要直接表达自己的需求。上文“Inefficientcommunicationoftenresultsinheavycriticism.（低效的沟通往往会招致严厉的批评。）”说明无效的沟通会导致批评。下文“Makesuretoaskforwhatyouwantinadirect,respectfulmanner.Thiswilleliminate(消除)theneedforcriticism.（一定要以一种直接、有礼貌的方式提出你的要求。这将消除批评的必要。）”说明直接提出需求是有效的沟通方式，会消除沟通过程中的批评。E项“Ifyou’renottellingsomeonewhatyouwant,thatpersoncannotbeexpectedtoknow.（如果你不告诉别人你想要什么，就不能指望那个人知道。）”承上启下，说明在有效沟通中要直接说出自己的需求，否则别人将不会知道，这将导致无效沟通和批评。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Notlongafteradestructivewildfireforcedherfamilytoleavetheirhome,10-year-oldEmorybrokedown.Likemanyofherpeers,shewassuddenly___21___fromschool,herneighborhood,anddailyroutines.Tohelpher___22___,hermothersignedherupforafreedaycamporganizedbyProject:Camp,aprogramthatspecificallyhelpschildrencopewiththestressofdisruptedroutinesafter___23___.Theprojectbelievesbyprovidingasenseof___24___andnormalcy(常态),childrencanlowertheir___25___levelsandreturntoaroutine.Onlythencantheystarttocreateanarrative(叙事)aroundwhathashappened,sothatthey___26___thatsomethinghashappenedandthatthey’resafe,thus___27___theiruncertaintyandfear.Besides___28___daycampactivities,suchasartsandcrafts,andgamesliketag(拔河),theprogramofferedotheractivitiesthatwerespeciallydesignedtohelpkidsdealwithpsychologicalsuffering.Mentalhealthprofessionalswereonsitetohelpaddress___29___issueswhentheycameupforkids.ChildrenultimatelyguidetheprogramatProject:Camp,whiletheadultsallowthemthe____30____totalkthroughfeelingsthatmightarisethroughouttheday.Therearefrequent____31____wellnesschecks,duringwhichkidsare____32____toratetheirfeelingsfromIto10.“Gratitudecircles”invitekidstosharewhatmakesthem____33____.Exerciseslikethesecangivekidsopportunitiestohavetheirown____34____heard.ForEmory,hertimeatthecampgaveherachanceto____35____withfriendswhileherschoolwaspaused,lettinghersimplybeakidagainwithoutworries.21.A.cutoff B.setfree C.leftout D.broughtback22.A.recall B.recover C.balance D.focus23.A.disasters B.diseases C.conflicts D.injuries24.A.purpose B.relief C.belonging D.safety25.A.risk B.violence C.stress D.expectation26.A.imagine B.decide C.repeat D.understand27.A.confirming B.rating C.ending D.admitting28.A.outdoor B.typical C.creative D.cultural29.A.emotional B.educational C.medical D.social30.A.energy B.wisdom C.power D.space31.A.digital B.physical C.mental D.formal32.A.paid B.encouraged C.forced D.seen33.A.hopeful B.joyful C.grateful D.peaceful34.A.story B.plan C.dream D.opinion35.A.compete B.camp C.connect D.study【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.D25.C26.D27.C28.B29.A30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述10岁的Emory因毁灭性的野火被迫离家，生活常规被打乱，精神崩溃。为帮助她恢复，母亲给她报名了由Project:Camp组织的免费日间营地活动。该项目专为帮助孩子应对灾难后生活规律被打乱所带来的压力，通过提供安全感和常态感，降低孩子压力，助其正视所发生的事，消除不确定和恐惧。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：和许多同龄人一样，她突然失去了上学的机会，与所在社区的联系也被切断，日常的生活秩序也变得混乱无序。A.cutoff切断；B.setfree释放；C.leftout漏掉；D.broughtback带回来。根据上文“Notlongafteradestructivewildfireforcedherfamilytoleavetheirhome,10-year-oldEmorybrokedown.”可知，野火迫使家人离开家园可知，埃默里和同龄人突然与学校、社区切断了联系，故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助她恢复健康，她的母亲为她报名参加了由“项目：营地”组织的免费夏令营。该项目专门帮助那些在灾难过后因生活规律被打乱而感到压力的孩子们。A.recall回想起；B.recover恢复；C.balance平衡；D.focus集中。上文提到埃默里和同龄人突然与学校、社区切断了联系，所以母亲为她报名夏令营是为了帮助她从灾难的影响中恢复，故选B。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助她恢复健康，她的母亲为她报名参加了由“Project:Camp”组织的免费夏令营。该项目专门帮助那些在灾难过后因生活规律被打乱而感到压力的孩子们。A.disasters灾难；B.diseases疾病；C.conflicts冲突；D.injuries受伤。根据上文“Notlongafteradestructivewildfireforcedherfamilytoleavetheirhome,10-year-oldEmorybrokedown.”提到破坏性野火，属于灾难，故该项目针对灾难后孩子的心理调适，故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目认为，通过营造一种安全和正常的生活氛围，孩子们能够减轻压力，重新回归正常的生活节奏。A.purpose目的；B.relief安慰；C.belonging归属感；D.safety安全。根据后文“they’resafe”可知，遭遇了灾难，孩子们需要安全感。故选D。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目认为，通过营造一种安全和正常的生活氛围，孩子们能够减轻压力，重新回归正常的生活节奏。A.risk冒险；B.violence暴力；C.stress压力；D.expectation期待。呼应前文“copewiththestress”，项目旨在降低孩子的压力水平，故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有到那时，他们才能开始构建一个关于所发生事情的叙述，从而明白确实发生了什么，并且他们是安全的，这样他们心中的疑虑和恐惧就能得以消除。A.imagine想象；B.decide决定；C.repeat重复；D.understand理解。根据后文“thatsomethinghashappenedandthatthey’resafe”可知，项目想让孩子理解所发生的事并意识到自己安全，故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有到那时，他们才能开始构建一个关于所发生事情的叙述，从而明白确实发生了什么，并且他们是安全的，这样他们心中的疑虑和恐惧就能得以消除。A.confirming确认；B.rating对……作评估；C.ending结束；D.admitting承认。根据后文“theiruncertaintyandfear”可知，孩子们理解情况并确认安全后，能终结不确定性和恐惧，故选C。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了典型的日间夏令营活动（如手工制作和诸如“捉人游戏”之类的运动）之外，该计划还提供了其他专门设计的活动，旨在帮助孩子们应对心理上的困扰。A.outdoor户外的；B.typical典型的；C.creative创造性的；D.cultural文化的。根据后文“suchasartsandcrafts,andgamesliketag”可知，手工、捉人游戏是典型的日常夏令营活动，故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理健康专家在现场，以便在孩子们出现情绪问题时能够提供帮助。A.emotional情绪的；B.educational教育的；C.medical医学的；D.social社会的。根据上文“Mentalhealthprofessionals”可知，心理健康专家处理的是孩子出现的情绪问题，故选A。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在“Project:Camp”活动中，孩子们最终会主导整个项目，而大人们则会为孩子们提供空间，让他们能够就一天中可能出现的各种情绪进行交流。A.energy能量；B.wisdom智慧；C.power力量；D.space空间。根据后文“totalkthroughfeelingsthatmightarisethroughouttheday”指成人给孩子表达情感的空间，故选D。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：会定期进行“心理健康”评估，在这个过程中，孩子们会被鼓励按照1到10的等级来描述自己的情绪感受。A.digital数字的；B.physical身体的；C.mental心理的；D.formal正式的。结合上文提到的“Mentalhealthprofessionals”以及情感问题，结合后文“ratetheirfeelings”可知故此处指“心理健康”评估，故选C。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：会定期进行“心理健康”评估，在这个过程中，孩子们会被鼓励按照1到10的等级来描述自己的情绪感受。A.paid支付；B.encouraged鼓励；C.forced迫使；D.seen看见。根据后文“toratetheirfeelingsfromIto10”指心理健康评估中鼓励孩子给情绪打分，短语beencouragedtodo表示“被鼓励做某事”。故选B。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“感恩圈”活动鼓励孩子们分享令他们感到感恩的事物。A.hopeful有希望的；B.joyful快乐的；C.grateful感激的；D.peaceful和平的。根据上文“Gratitudecircles”（感恩圈）可知“感恩圈”活动鼓励孩子们分享令他们感到感恩的事物。故选C。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：像这样的练习能够给孩子们提供机会，让他们有机会讲述自己的故事。A.story故事；B.plan计划；C.dream梦想；D.opinion观点。根据上文“Exerciseslikethesecangivekidsopportunitiestohavetheirown”指这些活动让孩子有机会讲述自己的经历（故事），故选A。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于埃默里来说，在营地度过的那段时光让她有机会在学校停课期间与朋友们保持联系，让她能够再次无忧无虑地做回一个孩子。A.compete比赛；B.camp露营；C.connect连接；D.study学习。根据上文提到和学校、社会和社区切断了联系，结合后文“withfriends”可知，夏令营让埃默里在学校停课时与朋友建立联系，故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。While___36___(work)there,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapersand___37___(gradual)becameworld-famous.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhis___38___(explain)ofthephotoelectriceffect.Smarthomeswillalsobeabletopreventseriousdamagefromaccidents.Iftheyfindsomethingwrongtheywilldetect___39___andprovideuswiththerelevantinformationforus___40___(fix)theproblem.Inaword,thissmarttechnologyisnotafantasy,anditwilltakesomeyears___41___mostnewhomesbegintousethisnewtechnology.Once___42___(cover)byvastsheetsofice,Sarek’smountainsarehometotheSami,thenativeresidentsofthepark.Tokeepitsnaturalstate,apart___43___theSami,nooneisallowedtoliveinSarek,andallnew___44___(develop)isbannedwithintheparkboundaries.It____45____(hope)thatSarekNationalPark