高考英语应用文四大技巧讲义

技巧一换用高级词汇在写作时应尽量用表意准确，形象生动的高级词汇，以体现学生深厚的知识储备，避免使老师产生阅卷疲劳。但需要注意使用高级词汇并不等同于使用一些偏词，怪词。动词（短语）的替换1.遭受；被攻击；被伤害sufferfrom、beinjured、beattacked→fallvictimto例：Studentswhostandoutforbeingdifferentorwhohaveuniquehobbiesaremorelikelytofallvictimtoschoolbullying.那些与众不同或有独特爱好的学生更容易成为校园欺凌的受害者。2.提供，给予give→offer、provide、presentIdecidedtooffermyhelptotheelderlyneighborwhohaddifficultycarryinggroceries.我决定帮那位提杂货有困难的老年邻居一把。3.成功succeed、besuccessful→makeit、managetodosthThoughthetaskwaschallenging,wemanagedtofinishitaheadofthedeadline.尽管这项任务颇具挑战性，我们还是设法提前完成了。4.忍耐；忍受bear、stand→endure、tolerate、putupwithIcanhardlyendurethefreezingweatherinwinterinRussia.我几乎不能忍受俄罗斯冬天寒冷的天气。5.提高，促进improve→promote、enhance、advance、boostSchoolsshouldtakemeasurestopromotestudents'awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.学校应采取措施，提高学生的环保意识。6.培养develop→cultivate、nurture例Parentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildrentoadulthood.父母们想了解把他们的孩子养育成人的最好的方法。7.处理；解决dealwith→tackle、copewithWiththehelpofteachers,studentscanbettercopewiththepressureoffinalexams.在老师的帮助下，学生能更好地应对期末考试的压力。8.遇见meet→eacross、encounterIcameacrossaninterestingarticleaboutspaceexplorationwhilebrowsingtheinternet.我上网浏览时，偶然看到一篇关于太空探索的有趣文章。9.需要need→callforTheserioustrafficprobleminthecitycallsforimmediateactionfromthegovernment.该市严重的交通问题需要政府立即采取行动。10.代替replace→substituteOnlinelearningcanneverfullysubstitutetraditionalclassroomteaching,asfacetofaceinteractionisirreplaceable.在线学习永远无法完全取代传统课堂教学，因为面对面的互动是不可替代的。11.面对face→beinthefaceof、befacedwith、beconfrontedwith例Facedwiththeproblem,hehadnoideahowtocopewithit.面对这个问题，他不知道如何处理它。12.考虑consider→take…intoaccount/considerationWhenmakingdecisions,weshouldtakeotherpeople'sfeelingsintoaccount.做决定时，我们应该考虑到他人的感受。13.引起；导致cause→leadto、resultin、giveriseto、bringaboutLackofexerciseandunhealthydietcanleadtovariousdiseases.缺乏锻炼和不健康的饮食会导致多种疾病。14.改变change→transformThenewpolicyhashelpedtransformthesmallvillageintoamoderntown.这项新政策帮助这个小村庄转变成了一个现代化城镇。15.强调stress→highlight、emphasize例WhatIwanttoemphasizeisthatnoonecansucceedwithouthardworkandconcentration.我想强调的是不努力学习和专心致志，任何人都不能取得成功。16.应该should→besupposedtoStudentsaresupposedtohandintheirhomeworkontime.学生们应该按时交作业。17.理解understand→figureout、makesenseof、absorb、prehend、grasp、digest例Westillcan'tmakesenseofhisletterwhichisabouttheabstracttheory.我们还是看不懂他那封关于抽象理论的信。18.突然想到thinkof→strike、hit、occurtoItsuddenlystruckmethatIhadforgottentocallmymother.我突然意识到自己忘了给妈妈打电话。19.注意到notice→takenoticeofTeachersshouldtakenoticeofthedifferencesbetweeneachstudent.老师应该关注每个学生之间的差异。20.完成finish→acplish、plete、fulfillWithhardworkanddetermination,wecanacplishourgoals.凭借努力和决心，我们能够实现自己的目标。21.破坏；损害break、damage→impair、undermineLongtermexposuretobluelightfromscreensmayimpaireyesight.长期暴露在屏幕蓝光下可能会损害视力。22.使用；利用use→makeuseof、takeadvantageof、employWeshouldmakefulluseofoursparetimetolearnnewskills.我们应该充分利用空闲时间学习新技能。23.节省save→setasideShetriestosetasidehalfanhoureverydayforreading.她尽量每天留出半小时阅读。24.习惯于beusedto→beaccustomedtoAfterlivinginthecityforyears,heisaccustomedtothebusylife.在城市生活多年后，他已经习惯了忙碌的生活。25.拥有have→possessEveryonepossessesthepotentialtoachievesomethinggreat.每个人都拥有成就伟大事业的潜力。26.重视value→attachgreatimportanceto、laystresson、takesthseriously、cherish、treasure例Toourrelief,thenewgovernmentattachedgreatimportancetothesafetyoncampus.令我们感到宽慰的是，新一届政府很重视校园安全。27.合作workwith→cooperate、joinforces,makejointeffortsWeneedtocooperatecloselytofinishtheprojectontime.我们需要密切合作，才能按时完成这个项目。28.记住remember→keep、bear...inmind、memorizePleasebearinmindthatsafetyesfirst.请记住，安全第一。29.发生happen→occur、eabout、takeplaceAnunexpectedaccidentoccurredonthehighwaythismorning.今天早上高速公路上发生了一起意外事故。30.感谢thank→appreciate、bethankfulto、begratefulto例Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeahand.你如果能帮忙，我将不胜感激。31.帮某人一个忙help→dosbafavor、givesbahandCouldyoudomeafavorandpassthesalt?能帮我个忙，把盐递过来吗？32.使某人意识到makesbrealize→raisesb'sawarenessofThisactivityaimstoraisepeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.这项活动旨在提高人们的环保意识。33.喜欢like→haveapassionfor、befondof、haveanaffectionforShehasapassionforplayingthepiano.她对弹钢琴充满热情。34.看见see→catchsightof、getaglimpseofHecaughtsightofhisteacherwhenhepassedthelibrarytheotherday.几天前，他经过图书馆时看见了他的老师。35.分发handout→distributeTheteacherwilldistributethetestpapersat9o'clock.老师将在9点分发试卷。36.站起来standup→risetoone'sfeet、struggletoone'sfeetWhentheteacherenteredtheroom,everyonerosetotheirfeet.老师进屋时，所有人都站了起来。37.前往leavefor→headfor、makeone'swaytoAfterschool,Iwillheadforthelibrarytoborrowsomebooks.放学后，我要去图书馆借几本书。38.由……组成bemadeupof→consistof、beposed/prisedofTheteamconsistsoffiveexperienceddoctors.这个团队由五名经验丰富的医生组成。39.反对beagainst→objectto、beopposedto、disapproveof例Accordingtothereport,themajorityofthestudentsareopposedtotheplan.根据报告，大部分学生反对这个计划。40.对······感到厌倦beboredwith、betiredof→befedupwithIamfedupwithhisconstantplaints.我受够了他没完没了的抱怨。41.总计达addupto→amounttoHismonthlyineamountsto8,000yuan.他的月收入达8000元。42.影响affect→haveaneffect/influence/impactonRegularexercisehasapositiveeffectonhealth.规律运动对健康有积极影响。43.同意某人agreewithsb→sharesb'sview,approveofsb,beinfavorofsbIshareyourviewthateducationisvitalfordevelopment.我同意你的观点，即教育对发展至关重要。44.生某人的气beangrywithsb→beannoyedwithsb、becrosswithsbShewasannoyedwithherbrotherforbreakingherfavoritecup.她因为哥哥打碎了她最喜欢的杯子而生气。45.比……更好bebetterthan→besuperiortoThisnewmodelissuperiortotheoldoneinperformance.这款新型号在性能上优于旧款。46.忙于bebusywith→beoccupiedin/with、beburiedin、beengagedinHeisoccupiedwithpreparingforthefinalexamthesedays.这些天他忙着准备期末考试。47.参观visit→payavisitto、to...forto.avisitWeplantopayavisittoourgrandparentsnextweekend.我们计划下周末去看望祖父母。48.相信believe→holdthat...liefthat...例Iholdthefirmbeliefthatwewillmakegreaterprogresswithyourhelp.我坚信，在你的帮助下，我们会取得更大的进步。49.建议suggest→putforwardthesuggestionthat...Sheputforwardthesuggestionthatweholdacharitysale.她提出了我们举办一场慈善义卖的建议。50.照顾lookafter、takecareof→tendtoChildrentendtobecuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.孩子们往往对周围的一切都很好奇。51.评估，评价evaluate、assess→rate、judgeWeshouldn'tjudgeapersonbytheirappearance.我们不应该以貌取人。52.即将到来being→beapproaching、bearound/roundthecornerThewinterholidayisapproaching,andstudentsaregettingexcited.寒假快到了，学生们越来越兴奋。53.向某人道歉apologizetosb→makeanapologytosbYoushouldmakeanapologytoherforyourrudewords.你应该为你的粗鲁言论向她道歉。54.位于liein→belocatedin、besituatedin/on/nearOurschoolislocatedinthecenterofthecity.我们学校位于市中心。55.满意besatisfiedwith→expressone'ssatisfactionwithThecustomerexpressedhissatisfactionwithourservice.这位顾客对我们的服务表示满意。56.对……感兴趣beinterestedin→takeaninterestin、showgreatinterestinMylittlesistertakesaninterestinpainting./Heshowsgreatinterestinancienthistory.我妹妹对绘画感兴趣。/他对古代历史表现出极大的兴趣。57.尽力做某事tryone'sbesttodosth→sparenoefforttodosthThegovernmentwillsparenoefforttoimprovepeople'slivingconditions.政府将不遗余力地改善人民的生活条件。58.热衷于becrazyabout→bekeenon、beenthusiasticaboutHeiskeenonplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.他热衷于和朋友们一起打篮球。59.适合befitfor→besuitablefor、beappropriateforThisbookissuitableforprimaryschoolstudents.这本书适合小学生阅读。60.因……出名befamousfor→benoted/celebratedfor、haveareputationforParisisnotedforitsromanticatmosphere./Thecityiscelebratedforitstraditionalfestivals.巴黎以其浪漫氛围闻名。/这座城市因其传统节日而著称。61.擅长；精通begoodat→beskilledat/in、beexpertat/in、haveagoodmand/knowledgeofSheisskilledatplayingtheviolin./Heisskilledinputerprogramming.她擅长拉小提琴。/他精通计算机编程。62.对……负责beresponsiblefor→beinchargeof、takechargeof、shoulder/bearresponsibilityforMr.Liisinchargeofthesportsmeeting.李老师负责运动会。63.富含berichin→beabundantinThisareaisabundantinnaturalresources.这个地区自然资源丰富。64.渴望beeagerfor→bedyingtodo、longtodoIamdyingtotraveltoJapanoneday.我渴望有一天能去日本旅行。65.有益于；有助于begoodfor→bebeneficialto、contributeto、dogoodtoEatingmorevegetablesisbeneficialtoourhealth.多吃蔬菜对我们的健康有益。66.对……有害bebadfor→beharmfulto、doharmto、dodamagetoSmokingisharmfultobothsmokersandpeoplearoundthem.吸烟对吸烟者和周围的人都有害。67.阻止stop、prevent→hinder、hamper、restrainLackofmoneywillhinderthedevelopmentoftheproject.资金短缺将阻碍这个项目的发展68.做；实施；执行do→carryout、conduct、performTheteamwillcarryouttheresearchprojectnextmonth.这个团队将于下个月开展这项研究项目。69.解释explain→illustrate、clarify、accountforSheusedagraphtoillustrateherpointclearly.她用一张图表清晰地阐明了自己的观点。70.展开，扩展spread→expand、broaden、widen、extend、enlargeThepanyplanstoexpanditsbusinessintoAsia.该公司计划将业务拓展到亚洲。71.教teach→tutor、coachHeworksparttimetotutorstudentsinmath.他兼职辅导学生数学。72.表明；证明show→indicate、demonstrateThesurveyresultsindicatethatmostpeoplearesatisfiedwiththeservice.调查结果表明大多数人对这项服务感到满意。73.熟悉；熟知know→beacquaintedwith、befamiliarwith、beconversantwithIamacquaintedwiththebasicrulesofthisputer.我熟悉这个电脑的基本规则。74.放弃giveup→desert、abandon、quitTheyhadtoabandontheirplanduetobadweather.由于天气恶劣，他们不得不放弃计划。75.挑选choose→select、pickoutSheselectedareddressfortheparty.她为派对挑选了一条红色连衣裙。76.开车drive→beat/behindthewheelMyfatherwasatthewheelwhenwedrovetothecountryside.我们开车去乡下时，是我父亲在开车。77.全神贯注于focuson→concentrateon、beabsorbedin、devoteoneselfto、putone'sheartandsoulintoPleaseconcentrateonyourhomeworkanddon’tlookatyourphone.请专心做你的作业，不要看手机。78.期望expect→anticipateWeanticipatethatthemeetingwillendby3o’clock.我们预计会议将在3点前结束。79.鼓励；激励encourage→motivate、stimulate例Groupdiscussioncanstimulatestudents’interestinEnglishlearning.小组讨论可以激发学生学习英语的兴趣。80.承诺做某事promisetodosth→mitoneselftodoingsthShemittedherselftohelpingthepoor.她致力于帮助穷人。81.加速speedup→accelerateThedriveracceleratedtoovertakethetruck.司机加速以超过那辆卡车。二．名词（短语）的替换老人oldpeople→theold、theelderly、theaged、seniorcitizensTheoldoftensharevaluablelifeexperienceswiththeyoung.老年人常常和年轻人分享宝贵的生活经验。职业job→career、employment、professionShedecidedtopursueacareerinmedicinetohelpothers.她决定从事医学事业来帮助他人。年轻人youngpeople→youngster、youths、adolescentManyyouthsarepassionateaboutenvironmentalprotection.许多年轻人对环境保护充满热情。方法way、method→approach、means、measure、solutionWeneedanewapproachtosolvethisplexproblem.我们需要一种新方法来解决这个复杂问题。好处；优点advantage→merit、virtue、strengthHardworkandhonestyarethemainmeritsofthisemployee.勤奋和诚实是这位员工的主要优点。能力ability→capability、capacityTrainingcangreatlyimproveone'sprofessionalcapability.培训能极大提升一个人的专业能力。影响effect→influence、impactParentshaveaprofoundinfluenceontheirchildren'scharacter.父母对孩子的性格有深远影响。选择choice→alternative、option、selectionWehadnoalternativebuttotellhimthetruth.我们别无选择，只能告诉他真相。结果result→consequence、outeNotstudyinghardwillleadtonegativeconsequencesinexams.不努力学习会在考试中导致不良后果。缺点disadvantage→drawback、weakpoint、downside、defect、flawHefelttheapartment'sonlydrawbackwasthatitwastoosmall.他认为这个公寓唯一的缺点是它太小了。渴望desire→aspiration、yearning、thirstHisaspirationistobeeanastronautandexplorespace.他的志向是成为一名宇航员，探索太空。祖先ancestor→forebear、forefatherOurforebearsleftusmanytraditionalcustoms.我们的祖先给我们留下了许多传统习俗。不同difference→distinctionThereisacleardistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.对与错之间有明确的区别。隐患；风险danger→hazard、riskWorkinginaminehasmanypotentialhazards.在矿井工作有许多潜在的危险。进步；成就progress→advancement、achievement、acplishment、fulfillmentTechnologicaladvancementhaschangedpeople'slifestyles.科技进步改变了人们的生活方式。困难；障碍difficulty→obstacle、hardshipLackofconfidenceisamajorobstacletosuccess.缺乏自信是成功的主要障碍。后代descendant→offspringThebirdfeedsitsoffspringwithsmallinsects.这只鸟用小昆虫喂养它的幼雏。娱乐enjoyment→pastime、recreationReadingbooksisapopularpastimeformanypeople.读书是许多人喜爱的消遣方式。责任duty→obligationItisourobligationtotakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.父母年老时照顾他们是我们的义务。教育education→upbringingThetwomenhadasimilarbackgroundandupbringing.这两个人的背景和教养相似。老师teacher→instructor、educator、lecturerTheswimminginstructortaughtushowtobreathecorrectlyinwater.游泳教练教我们如何在水中正确呼吸。青少年teenager→adolescentItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatvideoclipshaveaprofoundinfluenceonadolescents.众所周知，短视频对青少年有深远的影响。幸福happiness→wellbeing、cheerfulnessRegularexerciseisessentialforphysicalandmentalwellbeing.规律运动对身心健康至关重要。污染pollution→contaminationWatercontaminationwillthreatenpeople'shealth.水污染会威胁人们的健康。感激thanks→gratitude、appreciationI’mwritingtoexpressmysinceregratitudeforyourassistance.我写信是为了对你的帮助表示诚挚的感谢。问题problem→issueThegovernmentistryingtoaddressthehousingissue.政府正在努力解决住房问题。会议meeting→conference、assemblyAninternationalconferenceonclimatechangewillbeheldnextmonth.下个月将举行一场关于气候变化的国际会议。争议；争执argument→dispute、controversyThetwocountriesresolvedtheirborderdisputethroughpeacefultalks.这两个国家通过和平谈判解决了边界争端。环境；氛围environment→atmosphereTheatmosphereatthepartywaswarmandfriendly.派对上的气氛温暖又友好。个人；人们person、people→individual、folkEachindividualhastherighttoexpresstheirownopinions.每个个体都有表达自己观点的权利。敌人；对手enemy→opponent、rivalHedefeatedhisopponentinthefinalmatchandwonthechampionship.他在决赛中击败对手，赢得了冠军。吸引力attraction→appealThisnewmoviehasgreatappealtoyoungaudiences.这部新电影对年轻观众有很大的吸引力。应用use→applicationShesubmittedherapplicationfortheuniversityscholarshipyesterday.她昨天提交了大学奖学金的申请。线索clue→hintHegavemeahintabouttheanswertothemathproblem.他给了我一个关于这道数学题答案的提示。核心center→coreHonestyisthecorevalueofthispany.诚信是这家公司的核心价值观。出现appearance→emergenceTheemergenceofsmartphoneshasrevolutionizedmunication.智能手机的出现彻底改变了沟通方式。努力effort→diligence、dedication、perseveranceHersuccessistheresultofhardworkanddiligence.她的成功是努力和勤奋的结果。盛宴abigmeal→feastTheeveningpartywasarealfeastformusiclovers.这个晚会是音乐爱好者的盛宴。紧急情况criticalsituation→emergencyPleasecall120incaseofamedicalemergency.如遇医疗紧急情况，请拨打120。多样性variety→diversityThecityisfamousforitsculturaldiversity.这座城市以其文化多样性而闻名。三．形容词（短语）的替换大的；巨大的big、large→enormous、tremendous、gigantic、titanic、vastTheirtremendouscontributionstoChinaandtheChinesenationwillgodownintheannalsofhistory.他们为中国和中华民族建立的丰功伟绩将永垂史册。很棒的great、nice→spectacular、amazing、unbelievable、incredible、magnificent、adorable、fantastic、awesome、terrificWewatchedaspectacularsunsetovertheocean.我们观赏了海上壮观的日落。出名的famous→renowned、celebrated、distinguished、prominentThisrestaurantisrenownedforitsdeliciousseafood.这家餐厅以美味的海鲜而闻名。重要的important→vital、significant、fundamental、crucial、critical、decisive、dominantAsthesayinggoes,perseveranceisvitaltosuccess.常言道，毅力是成功的重要条件。不可能的impossible→outofthequestionSkippingclassisoutofthequestionforseriousstudents.对认真的学生来说，逃课是不可能的事。严重的serious→severeTheregionsufferedfromaseveredroughtlastsummer.去年夏天这个地区遭遇了严重的干旱。惊人的surprising→amazing、extraordinaryShedidanamazingjobintheschoolplay.她在校园剧中表现得非常出色。疲倦的tired→exhaustedAfterrunningthemarathon,hefeltpletelyexhausted.跑完马拉松后，他感到筋疲力尽。富裕的rich→wealthy、welloffThewealthybusinessmandonatedalotofmoneytocharity.这位富有的商人向慈善机构捐赠了很多钱。许多的many→numerousTherearenumerousbooksintheschoollibrary.学校图书馆里有大量的书籍。明显的obvious→apparent、evidentItisapparentthatenvironmentalpollutionisoneofthemostdirectcausesofglobalwarming.显然，环境污染是全球变暖最直接的原因之一。便宜的cheap→affordable、inexpensiveThisstoresellsaffordableclothesforyoungpeople.这家店为年轻人出售价格实惠的衣服。昂贵的expensive→costlyRepairingtheoldhouseturnedouttobemorecostlythanexpected.修缮那栋老房子比预期的更昂贵。贫困的poor→povertystricken、needy、badlyoffTheorganizationworkstofightpovertyinruralareas.该组织致力于消除农村地区的贫困。迷人的；吸引人的attractive→appealing、charming、eyecatchingThechangingvividcolorsofthesunsetarereallycharming.日落时变化的鲜艳色彩确实使人心醉神迷。有活力的energetic→dynamic、vigorousAdynamicgovernmentisnecessarytomeetthedemandsofachangingsociety.一个有活力的政府必须适应社会不断变化的需求。健康的healthy→sound、wholesome、robustAsoundsleephelpsyoustayenergeticduringtheday.充足的睡眠能让你在白天保持精力充沛。令人愉快的pleasant→enjoyable、delightfulWehadanenjoyabletriptothemountainslastweekend.上周末我们去山里的旅行很愉快。高兴的happy→delighted、cheerfulShewasdelightedtohearthatshehadpassedtheexam.听到自己通过了考试，她非常高兴。悲伤的；沮丧的sad→sorrowful、frustrated、disheartened、lowspirited、depressedThewholefamilywassorrowfulwhentheyheardtheoldman'spassing.听到老人去世的消息，全家人都很悲痛。害怕的afraid→frightened、scaredThelittlegirlwasfrightenedbytheloudthunder.小女孩被响亮的雷声吓着了。流行的popular→prevailing、widespreadTheprevailingopinionisthatonlinelearningisconvenient.普遍的看法是在线学习很方便。勤奋的hardworking→diligent、industriousThediligentstudentalwaysfinisheshomeworkontime.这个勤奋的学生总是按时完成作业。困难的hard→challenging、toughLearninganewlanguagecanbebothdifficultandchallenging.学习一门新语言既困难又有挑战性。小心的；谨慎的careful→cautiousYoushouldbecautiouswhencrossingthebusystreet.穿过繁忙的街道时你应该小心。合适的suitable→appropriateCarryingappropriatepresentsisveryimportantfortheguesttoexpressthathehighlyvaluesthehost.携带合适的礼物对于客人表达对主人的高度重视是非常重要的。有意义的meaningful→rewardingVolunteeringattheanimalshelterisarewardingexperience.在动物收容所做志愿者是一段有意义的经历。聪明的；有天分的clever→intelligent、talented、gifted、brilliant、bright、wiseHeisanintelligentboywhosolvespuzzlesquickly.他是个聪明的男孩，解谜题很快。失业的outofjob→unemployed、workless、joblessHisfatherhasbeenunemployedforthreemonths.他父亲已经失业三个月了。唯一的only→unique、sole、singleThishandbaghasauniquedesignthatI’veneverseenbefore.这个手提包的设计很独特，我以前从没见过。怀疑的doubtful→skeptical、suspiciousShewasskepticalabouttheeffectivenessofthenewproduct.她对新产品的效果持怀疑态度。四．其他词（组）的替换突然suddenly→allofasuddenAllofasudden,thelightswentoutinthebuilding.突然，大楼里的灯都灭了。立即immediately→inaflash、promptly、instantlyThemagicianmadetherabbitdisappearinaflash.魔术师一瞬间就让兔子消失了。有时sometimes→occasionally、onceinawhile、fromtimetotimeStudentspossiblyattendcolorfulextracurricularactivitiesafterschooloccasionally.学生们可能会偶尔参加丰富多彩的课外活动。此外；而且besides→inaddition、what'smoreInadditiontomath,healsostudiesphysicsandchemistry.除了数学，他还学习物理和化学。最后finally→eventually、ultimatelyUltimately,thesuccessoftheproductdependsonthegoodmarketing.最终，产品的成功还是取决于高明的营销手段。实际上actually→asamatteroffact、inrealityAsamatteroffact,I’veneverbeentothatcity.事实上，我从来没去过那个城市。故意地onpurpose→deliberately、bydesignHedeliberatelybrokethevasetogethismother’sattention.他故意打碎花瓶来引起妈妈的注意。例如forexample→forinstanceManyfruitsaregoodforhealth—forinstance,applesandbananas.很多水果对健康有益，比如苹果和香蕉。由于becauseof→onaccountof、dueto、owingto、thankstoOwingtothehelpfromclassmates，hehasfinishedthetask.因为同学们的帮助，他完成了任务。总之inaword→tosumup、inconclusion、insummaryTosumup,hardworkandpatiencearekeytosuccess.总而言之，努力和耐心是成功的关键。几天前afewdaysago→theotherdayImetmyprimaryschoolteachertheotherday.前几天我遇到了我的小学老师。经常often→moreoftenthannotMoreoftenthannot,itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryoutaplan.通常制订计划要比执行计划更容易。非常very→extremelyThemoviewasextremelyboring,soIleftearly.那部电影极其无聊，所以我提前走了。反复againandagain→repeatedly、overandover、timeandagainTheteacherrepeatedlytoldustobequietinthelibrary.老师反复叮嘱我们在图书馆要保持安静。在……期间during→inthecourseofInthecourseofthemeeting,severalimportantdecisionsweremade.在会议过程中，做出了几项重要决定。决不never→bynomeans、undernocircumstances、innocaseThistaskisbynomeanseasy;weneedtoworktogether.这项任务绝不容易，我们需要合作。确定地certainly→undoubtedly、definitely、undeniably、unquestionablyUndoubtedly,sheisthemosttalentedsingerinourclass.毫无疑问，她是我们班最有才华的歌手。逐渐地gradually→stepbystep、littlebylittle、bitbybitYoucanlearntoplaythepianostepbystepwithpractice.通过练习，你可以一步步学会弹钢琴。关于about→concerning、regarding、asfor、asregards、inregardsto、inrespecttoWehadadiscussionconcerningtheschooltripplan.我们就学校旅行计划进行了讨论。在我看来inmyopinion→frommyperspective、frommypointofviewFrommyperspective,it’sbettertostartpreparingearly.在我看来，最好早点开始准备。技巧二写好句式灵活多变的句式可以使文章增色不少，也会让阅卷老师眼前一亮。学生在平时的学习中要注意积累好句，并学着灵活使用，切忌生搬硬套。简单句简单句有以下五种基本句型：1．主语＋谓语本结构由“主语＋不及物动词”构成，不及物动词后不能有宾语，用来表示主语的动作。主语可以由定语来修饰，谓语也可以由状语来修饰。例:Bathedinthesunshine,wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.沐浴在阳光下，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。例:Shewaswalkingalongthestreetwhensheheardsomeonecallingher.她正走在大街上，这时听到有人叫她。2．主语＋谓语＋宾语本结构由“主语＋及物动词＋宾语”构成，谓语动词是主语发出的动作，但是意思还不完整，后面需要跟宾语。充当宾语的有名词、代词、从句等。Inaddition,IcanexplaintheChinesepaintingsindetail.此外，我可以详细介绍中国画。例:Iwanttodosomevoluntaryworkfortheexhibition.我想为展览做一些志愿者工作。3．主语＋谓语＋双宾语本结构由“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”构成。如果把直接宾语放在间接宾语前，需要借助介词to或for。需要借助介词to的动词有：give、lend、hand、offer、pass、send、show、teach等。需要借助介词for的动词有buy、cook、get、make等。例:You'dbettertellmewhichChinesecultureyouWesternersprefer.你最好告诉我你们西方人更喜欢哪种中国文化。例:Afterlearningaboutmydifficultyincreatingapersonalwebsite,yougavemesomeguidance.在了解了我在创建个人网站上的困难之后，你给了我一些指导。4．主语＋系动词＋表语本结构主要用来说明主语的特征、状态、类别和身份等。系动词可以分为以下几类：①表示特征和存在状态的：appear、feel、look、seem、be、smell、sound、taste等。②表示状态延续的：remain、stay、keep等。③表示状态变化的：bee、get、go、turn、grow等。例TheroutewasfromtheschoolgatetothefootoftheSouthMountain.比赛路线是从我们学校门口出发，一直到南山脚下。例:WhenIfeeldepressed,Ioftenchoosethenovelpartwhichincludesalotofimaginativestories.当我感到沮丧的时候，我经常选择小说中包括很多富有想象力的故事的部分。5．主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语本结构中的宾语后面需要有成分对其进行补充说明，这就是宾语补足语。可以作宾补的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词和过去分词。例:What'smore,wecanalsocallonmorepeopletoprotecttheocean.此外，我们也可以号召更多的人去保护海洋。例:Wefoundthefilmdirectedbyhimimpressiveandfantastic.我们觉得他导演的这部电影令人印象深刻，很精彩。并列句的基本结构是：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句。并列句中的分句根据逻辑关系可分为以下几种：1．表并列或递进。常用的连词有and和notonly．．．butalso...（不但······而且······）。Notonlyshouldyoushareyourstudyexperiencewiththem,but(also)youmustkeepyourheartopentothem.你不但要和他们分享你的学习经验，而且一定要向他们敞开心扉。例：Sincethen，mathshasbeeoneofmyfavoritesubjects,andIhavealsomaderapidprogressinmaths.从那时起，数学就成了我最喜爱的学科之一，而且我在数学上进步也很快。2．表选择。常用的连词有：either…or…（或者……或者……）；not...but...（不是……而是……）；or（或者）；or／otherwise（否则）。例Ifyouareinterestedinthejob，youcanapplyeitheronlineorinletter.如果你对这份工作感兴趣，你可以上网申请或者写信申请。例Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedothatbenefitsourworkmost.对我们的工作最有益的，不是我们做了多少，而是我们投入了多少热爱。3．表转折。常用的连词是but和yet。例Theracewaschallenging,yeteveryoneenjoyeditverymuch.虽然这次赛跑很有挑战性，但是我们大家都很喜欢。例Shocked，Itookastepback，buthefortedme，saying,“Everythingisgoingtobealright."我很震惊，后退了一步，但是他安慰我说：“一切都会好起来的。”4．表原因。常用的连词是for。例Hewillrecoversoon,forheisyoung.他很快就会恢复，因为他年轻。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。三.名词性从句名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1．主语从句常用句型(1)Itis+adj./n.+that...例However，itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。(2)Whatimpresses/excites/disappointsmemostis(that)...最令我印象深刻／兴奋／失望的是……例Whatimpressesmemostisthatourteacheralwayscreatesakindofatmospherewherewecanvoiceouropinionsfreely.给我印象最深的是，我们老师总是营造一种我们可以自由交流的氛围。(3)WhatIwanttotellyouisthat……我想告诉你的是……例WhatIwanttotellyouisthatyourworksarepopularamongusstudents.我想告诉你的是你的作品在我们学生当中很受欢迎。2．表语从句常用句型（that在表语从句中不做成分，一般不能省略）(1)Thereasonwhy……isthat……的原因是……例ThereasonwhyI’mfitforthejobisthatIhaveagoodmandofEnglishandhavealotofteachingexperience.我胜任这项工作的原因是我精通英语并且拥有丰富的教学经验。(2)That／Thisiswhy／because……那／这就是为什么／因为……例Asweallknow，readingclassicsisofgreatimportance.Thisisbecauseitcannotonlyimproveourwritingskillsbutalsoenrichoureverydaylife.众所周知，阅读名著对我们来说非常重要。这是因为它不仅能提高我们的写作技巧而且能丰富我们的日常生活。(3)Theproblemwith……isthat……的问题是……例Theproblemwithusisthatwemustfindaproperwaytomakeourstudymoreefficient.我们的问题是，我们必须找到一个适当的方法来使我们的学习更有效。(4)Itlooks/seems/appearsthat...似乎／好像……ItseemsthatChineseSpringFestivalisbeingaglobalcelebration.中国春节似乎正在变成一个全球性的庆祝活动。3．宾语从句常用句型(1)Isuggest/advisethatyoushould...我建议，你应该……例Isuggestthatyoushouldtakeexerciseeverymorning.我建议你应该每天早上锻炼身体。(2)Pleasekeepinmindthat...=Pleaserememberthat...请记住……例Pleasekeepinmindthatajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.请记住：千里之行，始于足下。(3)Ibecameawarethat．．．我意识到……例Igraduallybecameawarethateverycoinhastwosides.我逐渐意识到事物都有两面性。(4)I’mfirmlyconvincedthat……我坚信……例I’mfirmlyconvincedthatthiseventwilldefinitelybeeahitwithourjointefforts.我坚信，在我们的共同努力下，这个活动一定会取得巨大的成功。(5)if／whether引导的宾语从句例Hepacedupanddowntheroom，wonderingwhetherheshouldgototheparty.在屋里来回踱着步子，他想知道是否应该去参加派对。(6)由连接代词／副词引导的宾语从句例Theydiscussedwhentheyshouldsetoffforthesquareandhowtogetintouchwiththecoach.他们讨论了什么时候出发去广场以及如何联系上教练。4．同位语从句常用句型（前后互相解释，地位平等）(1)Iholdthefirmbeliefthat……我坚信……例WeholdthefirmbeliefthatthevisitorswillknowmoreabouttraditionalChinesecultureandatthesametimeenjoythebeautyofit.我们坚信游客会了解更多的中国传统文化，与此同时享受中国传统文化的美。(2)Noonecandenythefactthat．．．谁也不可否认的事实是……例NoonecandenythefactthatsomanyfantasticcharactershavebeencreatedbyancientChinesenovelists.毋庸置疑，中国古代的小说家创造了许多了不起的人物。(3)Thereisnodoubtthat．．．毫无疑问……例There’snodoubtthatithasbeenhighlythoughtofbyalthejudges.毫无疑问，它被所有的裁判高度评价。(4)Thereisapossibilitythat．．．很可能……例ThereisapossibilitythatIwillgotoMITforayearasanexchangestudent.很有可能我要去麻省理工学院作为期一年的交换生。(5)Despitethefactthat...=Inspiteofthefactthat...尽管······例Despitethefactthatwewereexhausted，wedidn’tgiveup.尽管我们筋疲力尽，但是我们并没有放弃。四.状语从句状语从句分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句和原因状语从句等。常用的从句如下：1．时间状语从句引导词：when、as、while、assoonas、before、after、since、until、theminute、themoment、thesecond、everytime、theday、theinstant、immediately、directly、till、nosooner...than、hardly...when、scarcely...when等。例WhenIwasatalossandonthepointofgivingup,myheadteacher,Mrs.Liu,askedmetogotoheroffice.当我感到迷茫想要放弃时，我的校长刘老师让我去她的办公室。例Themoment(that)theteachercamein,thestudentsimmediatelystoppedtalking.老师一进来，学生们立即停止了谈话。2．地点状语从句引导词：where、wherever、anywhere、everywhere。例Ifyouaretravellingwherethecustomsaretotallydifferentfromyourown,youmayfeelaculturalshock.如果你在一个风俗与你当地完全不同的地方旅游，你可能会感受到文化冲击。例Asanoldsayinggoes，＂Wherethereisawill，thereisaway."有句老话说得好，“有志者，事竟成。”3．目的状语从句引导词：sothat、inorderthat、incase（以防）、forfearthat（唯恐）等。Intheafternoon,youcanattendoptionalcourses,sothatyoucangetadeeperinsightintoourrecentaerospaceachievements.下午你可以上选修课，这样你就可以对我们最近的航空航天成就有更深入的认识。例ThenhethrewathickropeinorderthatIcouldgraspitandwalkstraighttowardhim.然后，他扔给我一根粗绳