2017年中国传媒大学考博英语真题

2017年中国传媒大学考博英语真题一、Vocabulary1.Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute________ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

A.fraction

√

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction句意：我们的感官所能接察觉的光线和声音只不过是微小的一部分，大部分都被我们忽略了。fraction“分数，一小部分”。fiction“小说；虚构”。function“功能，作用”。friction“摩擦，冲突”。2.Theyarewell________witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

√

D.acknowledged句意：他们彼此都很熟悉，因为他们曾在同一所大学读书。acquaint“使熟悉，使认识”。identify和recognize意为“识别”。acknowledge“承认；声明”。

3.IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI________missedtheplane.

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

√

D.seldom句意：我到达机场太晚了，差点就错过了飞机。narrowly“勉强地，差一点地”。

4.Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely________.

A.unjustified

√

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted句意：这部电影大受欢迎，这表明评论家们的担心是完全没有道理的。unjustified“不正当的，未被证实是正确的”。unjust“不公正的，不合法的”。misguided“被误导的”。unaccepted“未被接纳的，被拒绝的”。5.TheheadoftheMuseumwas________andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

√句意：博物馆馆长很热心，让我们检查了那些古代手稿。obliging“乐于助人的，热心肠的”。promising“有希望的，有前途的”。

6.Becauseofa________intheskirt,thegirlwasabletobuyitathalfprice.

A.weakness

B.fault

C.flaw

√

D.strip句意：由于这条裙子有缺陷，这个女孩以半价买了它。flaw“瑕疵，缺点”。fault“毛病，缺点”，指性格、心智、情绪、行为或习惯中的缺点。strip“带，长条”。

7.Hewasinexperiencedandlackofpreparation,sohisfirstexperimentwas________tofail.

A.foreseen

B.destined

√

C.predicted

D.considered句意：他缺乏经验、准备不足，所以他第一次试验注定会失败。bedestinedto意为“注定……，一定会……”。foresee和predict是预测、预知的意思。

8.Tiredofurbanlife,Jenifermakesuphermindtobuildherownhomeinaregionwherewildlife________.

A.abounds

√

B.exceeds

C.amplifies

D.sustains句意：厌倦了都市生活，Jenifer决定在一个野生动物丰富的地区建立自己的家。abound“富于，充满”。exceed“超越，胜过”。amplify“扩大，放大”。sustain“维持，支撑”。9.Thepatient’sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould________getoutofbedwithouthelp.

A.nearly

√

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely句意：这位病人的进步真让人兴奋，因为他几乎可以不要别人帮助就能下床走路了。nearly“几乎”。hardly“几乎不”。merely和barely是“仅仅”。

10.Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto________awholevarietyoftasks.

A.assign

B.tackle

√

C.realize

D.solve句意：计算机通过编制程序可以处理各种各样的任务。tackle“处理”。assign“分配（任务）”。realize“实现”。solve“解决（问题）”。11.Theteam’sefforttoscorewas________bytheopposinggoalkeeper.

A.frustrated

√

B.prevented

C.discouraged

D.accomplished句意：该队试图破门得分的努力被对方守门员挫败了。frustrateone’seffort意为“挫败某人的努力”。

12.Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer________withtherealityoftheirworld.

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

√

D.practical句意：你必须坚持要求学生们给出与现实世界相一致的真实答案。beconsistentwith意为“与……一致”。simultaneous“同时的，同步的”。

13.Thecarwasingoodworking________whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.

A.order

√

B.form

C.state

D.circumstance句意：几个月前我买这辆车时，它运行良好。ingoodworkingorder意为“处于良好的工作状态”，是固定搭配。

14.Thoughitisinmid-May,________tosomepartsofAppalachianTrailisstillverydifficultastheyarecoveredbythicksnow.

A.orientation

B.access

√

C.assess

D.voyage句意：虽然已经是5月中旬了，但由于阿巴拉契亚山脉的一些地区被厚厚的积雪覆盖，前往这些地区仍然非常困难。accessto意为“通向……的路口，接近”。orientation“方向；定位”。assess“评定，估价”。voyage“航行”。15.Ijustlearntfrom“InterculturalEducation”coursethatanEnglishmanseldom________aconversationamongstrangers.

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

√

D.resumes句意：我刚从跨文化教育课上学到，英国人很少主动和陌生人交谈。initiate“开始，发起”。breakdown“发生故障；分解”。giveriseto“使发生，造成”。resume“重新开始，继续”。16.Thenewcolleague________tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejointedourcompany.

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

√

D.confirms句意：新来的同事声称在来我们公司之前曾在几家大公司工作过。claim“声称，主张”。confess“坦白，忏悔”。declare“（公开地、正式地）宣告，宣布”。

17.Inthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedthestudentstoreadafew________fromHemingway’snovelAFarewelltoArms.

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

√句意：阅读课上，老师要求学生读海明威的《永别了，武器》节选部分。extract“摘录,选段”。piece和fragment意为“片段，碎片”。

18.Scientificresearchresultscannowbequickly________tofactoryproduction.

A.used

B.applied

√

C.employed

D.practiced句意：如今科研结果很快被用于工厂生产。beappliedto意为“运用于”。beusedto是被用来做某事或习惯于的意思。

19.Ourneighborshangtheirchildren’sframeddiplomasin________placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

√

D.remarkable句意：我们的邻居把孩子们镶着边框的毕业证书挂在客厅墙上显眼的地方。conspicuous“显著的，显眼的”。brilliant“卓越的，灿烂的”。respective“分别的，各自的”。remarkable“非凡的，卓越的”。20.Iaskedthecounselortogivemea________estimateofthefeeofdefendingmycaseincourt.

A.rude

B.crude

C.rough

√

D.coarse句意：我请顾问粗略估计一下在法庭上为我的案子辩护的费用。rough“粗略的，大致的；粗糙的”。crude“未加工的；粗鲁的”。coarse“粗糙的；粗俗的”。

二、ReadingComprehensionPassageOne:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.BACKin1922,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand,inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasseswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.Dr.AngristandDr.LavycomparethetestscoresformathsandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades（i.e.,agedaboutnineand13）inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammecamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthors,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingtheschemedcomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge（andapparentlymalign）influenceonfourth-grademathsscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter（andperhapsworse）thanotherteachingmethods.ThebottomlinesaysDr.Angrist,isthat“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky.”Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.（1）.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

A.motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem

B.Edison'spredictionhasbeenprovedwrong

√

C.Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens

D.schoolsarecautiousaboutEdison’sidea由第一段第二句“Well,weallmakemistakes.”可知是对爱迪生预测的否定，证明他的预测是错误的。因此本题选B项。（2）.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept________.

A.comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups

B.interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods

C.launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools

√

D.explainingstudents'schoolperformance从第三段第二句“Dr.AngristandDr.LavycomparethetestscoresformathsandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades（i.e.,agedaboutnineand13）”可知A项正确。从第三句“Theyalsoaskedtheclasses'teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials”可知B项正确。从第五句“Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren'stestscores.”可知D项正确。因此本题选C项。（3）.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidn’tmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause________.

A.otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage

B.itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect

C.therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores

D.theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods

√倒数第二段最后一句“Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter（andperhapsworse）thanotherteachingmethods.”表明引用电脑教学不比其他教学方法好。因此本题选D项。（4）.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

A.therehasn’tbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet

√

B.schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram

C.installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect

D.chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching由最后一段最后一句“Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy...”可推知，目前还没有真正的研究。从最后一段第二句“Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.”可知提供电脑教学的有效证据应是提倡者的职责，故B项不对。C项在最后一段有直接陈述“thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky.”，不是推测得知，故排除。D项文中没有将粉笔教学和电脑教学进行对比，所以不能得出此结论。因此本题选A项。（5）.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgovernments’packingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe________.

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.disapproving

√

D.puzzling从第一段最后一句“ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.”作者感叹幸好爱迪生没有斥巨资在全国安装电影屏幕，可以体会出作者对电脑教学是持否定态度的。因此本题选C项。PassageTwo:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn'tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（错综复杂的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生联谊会）andsororities（女生联谊会）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don'tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.（1）.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare________.

A.prideandambition

B.dreamandfear

√

C.easinessandeffort-saving

D.trouble-savingandrelease由第一段第一句“WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知本题选B项。（2）.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat________.

A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier

B.youdon’tworryabouttheresults

C.youneedn’ttaketheentranceexamination

D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted

√第一段倒数第三句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”表明提前录取项目会增加被录取的几率。因此D项正确。（3）.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat________.

A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice

B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier

C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision

D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision

√从第二段第二句“Iwasthrilledandrelieved.”可得知，作者刚收到录取通知书时是很开心的。而从最后三句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可以看出，作者对自己的决定产生了怀疑。因此本题选D项。（4）.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat________.

A.afullconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying

√

B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut

C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood

D.theauthorshouldn’tapplyunderEarlyDecision倒数第二段最后一句“Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.”提到在申请学校之前要好好考虑。最后一段第一句“...don’tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.”和最后一句“AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.”再次表明要充分考虑清楚自己的决定。因此可以从这篇文章中得出结论：申请学校前要充分考虑。故本题选A项。（5）.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems________.

A.regretful

√

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.sensitive文中多处线索，如第二段最后一句“IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”，第三段第二句“...sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.”，和倒数第二段倒数第四句“TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.”都可以看出，作者对自己的曾经做出的决定是有些许后悔和遗憾的。因此本题选A项。PassageThree:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwantedtoquestionwhetherglobalwarmingisindeeduponus,lastweekwasnotthetimetodoit.Twoweeksbeforetheofficialbeginningofsummer,aheatwavebakedtheeasternthirdoftheU.S.andCanada,drivingtemperatureshighintothe90sandeven100s.Atthesametime,aflurryofscientificpaperswasreleasedthatseemedtoexplainallthelate-springsuffering.Inonestudy,Frenchresearchersreportedthatheat-trappinggreenhousegasesareattheirhighestlevelsin420,000years.Inanother,U.S.scientistsfoundthat57speciesofbutterflymaybealteringtheirmigratorypatternsinresponsetochangingheatpatterns.Inlightofallthis,aswelteringpublicmusthavebeenconvincedatlastthatit’stimetodosomethingtocoolofftheoverheatedplanet,right?Wrong.Evenasthetemperaturewasclimbing,anewsurveybytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionfoundthatAmericansarelessconcernedthaneveraboutcombatingglobalwarming.“Themorewetalkaboutwarming,”saysthestudy’sdirector,JohnImmerwahr,“the[morethe]public’sconcerngoesdown.”Suchanenvironmentaldisconnectmaynotbemuchofamystery.Environmentalistscomplainthatoverthepasttwoyearsindustrygroupshavelaunchedacoordinatedadvertisingcampaigntotorpedothe1997Kyototreaty,whichrequiresindustrialnationstoreducegreenhouseemissions.Morethan$13millionhasbeenspentonadstoblockratificationofthetreatybytheU.S.Senate.“ThepurposeoftheadswastoconvincemostAmericansthatthereisn'taproblemorthatit’stooexpensivetofix,”saysNationalEnvironmentalTrustspokesmanPeterKelly.EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue.Forexample,intheyearof1997,PresidentClintonmovedforKyototreatychangesthatenvironmentalgroupsseeasindustry-pleasingloopholes.SaysDanielWeiss,theSierraClub’spoliticaldirector:“Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness.”Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.Ifsuchpopularso-whatingpersists,Immerwahrwarns,thepublicmaybegingraspingatphonysolutionstoglobalwarming.Attheendoflastweek,somepeopletookcomfortfromthereportofavasthazeofpollutantsthatcollectsovertheIndianOceaninthewinter,butthatresearchersonlyrecentlystudied.Filthyasthecloudis,itdoesdeflectsolarradiation,andthatcouldleadtocooling.Butscientistswarnthatwecannotsimplypolluteourwayoutofglobalwarming.Thesootdropsfromthehazyatmosphereinweeks,whereasgreenhousegasesremainforcenturies.Thewayoutofthisgridlock,environmentalistssay,istoshowit'spossibletoreducegreenhousegaseswithoutsinkingtheeconomy.Solutionsincludecleanercarsandbetterwind-andsolar-powertechnologies.SaysGregWetstone,programdirectorfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil:“Whenthesekindsofoptionsbecomeavailable,peoplewillfeellesshopeless.”Ofcourse,it'salsopossiblethatonlywhenpeoplefeellesshopelesswilltheypresstheirleaderstomakethesolutionsavailable.（1）.Accordingtotheauthor,globalwarmingis________.

A.causingalotoftrouble

√

B.notasseriousasitseems

C.feltonlyinAmericaandCanada

D.whataccountsforthehighlevelofgreenhousegases作者在第一段列举了全球变暖带来的影响，如美国和加拿大遭到的热浪袭击、法国研究者对温室气体所做的报告，以及蝴蝶改变迁移路径，都证明了全球变暖会引发许多问题。因此本题选A项。（2）.Speakingofglobalwarming,Americanpublicis________.

A.concerned

B.indifferent

√

C.worried

D.frightened由第二段第三句“Evenasthetemperaturewasclimbing,anewsurveybytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionfoundthatAmericansarelessconcernedthaneveraboutcombatingglobalwarming.”可知，美国人对全球变暖漠不关心。因此本题选B项。（3）.Thepublic’sreactiontoglobalwarmingismainlyaresultof________.

A.theirdisbeliefoftheexistenceofsuchproblem

B.theadvertisingcampaignofindustrialgroups

√

C.thehighcostoffixingtheproblem

D.AmericanSenate’sdisapprovalofKyototreaty结合第三段第二句“Environmentalistscomplainthatoverthepasttwoyearsindustrygroupshavelaunchedacoordinatedadvertisingcampaignto...”和最后一句“ThepurposeoftheadswastoconvincemostAmericansthatthereisn'taproblemorthatit'stooexpensivetofix.”可知，美国人民的反映是工业集团的广告活动的结果。因此本题选B项。（4）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A.EnvironmentalistsurgePresidentClintonadministrationtopresstheissu正确答案:E

B.Kyototreatyaimsatcurbingtheglobalwarmingproblem.

C.Americangovernmentispartlyresponsibleforthepublic’sattitudetowardglobalwarming.

D.Industrialgroupsdonotcareaboutglobalwarming.第四段第一句“EnvironmentalistsalsocriticizetheU.S.Presidentsforwhattheybelieveistheirfailuretopresstheissue.”表明环保主义者批判了美国总统们，但没有提及敦促他们解决该问题。因此本题选A项。（5）.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

A.environmentalistssupporttheideaofsolvingglobalwarmingthroughpollution

B.thepoorleadershipofAmericanPresidenthasproducedaverybadinfluence

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C.Americaneconomywillsufferifglobalwarmingiscurbed

D.peoplehavenoconfidenceinsolvingproblemofglobalwarming从第四段的“Timidleaderscommunicatehopelessness.”“Andhopelessnessbreedsindifference.”可知，总统领导者们不能给人们带来希望，从而使他们变得冷漠。因此可推知总统的失败领导会产生不好的影响。因此本题选B项。PassageFour:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.Thisisalie.Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I’veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD（多动症发病率）,screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese“educational”Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe“CommonCore”in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.Itcouldnowbesoldtotheentirecountry.ThisnewGoldRushattractedpeoplelikeRupertMurdoch,nototherwiseknownforhisconcernforAmericanpedagogy,whowouldgoontoinvestover$1billionintoed-techcompanycalledAmplify,withthestatedmissionofsellingeverystudentinAmericatheirproprietarytablet—foronly$199—alongwiththesoftwareandannuallicensingfees.Amplifyhiredhundredsofvideogamedesignerstobuildeducationalvideogames—whiletheyandothertechentrepreneursattemptedtosellthenotionthatAmericanstudentsnolongerhadtheattentionspanfortraditionaleducation.Theirsolution:Educatetheminamorestimulatingand“engaging”manner.Butlet'slookmorecloselyatthatclaim.ADHDrateshaveindeedexplodedby50percentoverthepast10yearswiththeU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）indicatingthatratescontinuetorisebyfivepercentperyear.YetmanyresearchersandneuroscientistsbelievethatthisADHDepidemicisadirectresultofchildrenbeinghyper-stimulated.Usinghyper-stimulatingdigitalcontentto“engage”thosedistractedstudentsexacerbates（使……恶化）theproblemthatitendeavorstosolve.ItcreatesaviciousandaddictiveADHDcycle:Themoreachildisstimulated,themorethatchildneedstokeepgettingstimulatedinordertoholdtheirattention.Murdoch'sAmplifywasn'ttheonlydubioused-techcash-grab.ThecityofLosAngeleshadenteredintoa$1.3billioncontractin2014tobuyiPadsloadedwithPearsoneducationalsoftwareforallofits650,000Kthrough12thstudents…untiltheFBIinvestigateditscontractandfoundthatnow-formerSuperintendentJohnDeasyhadacloserelationshipwithAppleandPearsonexecutives.（BeforethedealwaskilledinDecember2014,thePearsonplatformhadimcompletedandessentiallyworthlesscurriculumandsuchfeeblesecurityrestrictionsstudentsthatbypasstheminweeks.）DespitetheAmplifyandLAdebacles,othersstillseektoconvincenaiveschoolsadministratorsthatscreensaretheeducationalpanacea.YetasmoreAmericanschoolslayoffteacherswhilesettingasidescarcebudgetdollarsfortech,manyeducatorsandparentsalikehavebeguntoask:Doanyofthesehypnoticmarvelsofthedigitalageactuallyproducebettereducationaloutcomesforthekidswhousethem?Dr.KentaroToyama,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolofInformation,oncebelievedthattechnologyintheclassroomcouldsolvetheproblemsofmodernurbaneducation.NoLuddite,hehadreceivedhisPh.D.incomputersciencefromYaleandhadmovedtoIndiain2004tohelpfoundanewresearchlabformobilephonesandothertechnologiesthatcouldhelpeducateIndianbillion-pluspopulation.Ratherthanfindingadigitaleducationalcure,hecametounderstandwhathercallstechnology’s“LawofAmplification”:technologycouldhelpeducationwhereit’salreadydoingwell,butitdoeslittleformediocreeducationalsystems.Worse,indysfunctionalschools,it“cancauseoutrightharm.”Headded,“Unfortunately,thereisnotechnologicalfix...moretechnologyonlymagnifiessocioeconomicdisparities,andtheonlywaytoavoidthatisnon-technological.”Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.SchoolsneedtoheedthisresearchinordertotrulyunderstandhowtobestnurturerealintrinsiclearningandnotfallfortheSirensongofthetechcompanies—andall