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专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷30(共

9套)

(共200题)

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、常规阅读理解(本题共30题,每题1.0分,共30

分。)

GrowthSecretsOfAlaska'sMysteriousFieldofLakesThethousandsofovallakesthat

dotAlaska'sNorthSlopearesomeofthefastest-growinglakesontheplanet.Rangingin

sizefrompuddlestomorethan15milesinlength,thelakeshaveexpandedatratesupto

15feetperyear,yearinandyearoutforthousandsofyears.Thelakesareshapedlike

elongatedeggswiththeskinnyendspointingnorthwest.Howthelakesgrowsofast,why

they'reorientedinthesamedirectionandwhatgivesthemtheiroddshapehavepuzzled

geologistsfordecades.ThefieldoflakescoversanareatwicethesizeofMassachusetts,

andthelakesareunusualenoughtohavetheirownname:orientedthawlakes."Lakes

comeinallsizesandshapes,butthey'rerarelyorientedinthesamedirection,"saidJon

Pelletier,anassistantprofessorofgeosciencesatTheUniversityofArizonainTucson.

NowPelletierhasproposedanewexpla-nationfortheorientation,shapeandspeedof

growthoforientedthawlakes.Thelakes'unusualcharacteristicsresultfromseasonal

slumpingofthebankswhenthepermafrostthawsabruptly,hesaid.Thelakesgrowwhen

rapidwarmingmeltsalake'sfrozenbank,andthesoggysoillosesitsstrengthandslides

intothewater.SuchlakesarefoundinthepermafrostzoneinAlaska,northernCanada

andnorthernRussia.Previousexplanationsforthewaterbodies'shapeandorientation

invokedwind-drivenlakecirculationanderosionbywaves.OnAlaska'sNorthSlope,the

prevailingwindsblowperpendiculartothelongaxisofthelakes.Accordingtothe

traditionalexplanation,suchwindssetupcurrentswithinthelakesthaterodethebanks,

particularlyatthelakes'ends.Suchcurrentswoulderodecoarsegrained,sandysoils

fasterthanfine-grainedclaysoils.AccordingtoPelletier,onekeyingredientfororiented

thawlakesispermafrostthespecialmixtureofsoilandicethatformsthesurfaceofthe

landintheFarNorth.OnthenorthcoastofAlaskaandatsimilarlatitudesthroughoutthe

world,thetop,oractive,layerofthepermafrostmeltsatsomepointinthesummerand

refreezesagaininthefall.Ifthetemperaturewarmsgradually,theiceportionofthe

permafrostmeltsslowly,allowingthewatertodrainoutofthesoilandleaverelatively

firmsandorsedimentbehind.However,ifanearlyheatwavemeltsthepermafrost'sice

rapidly,theresultisasoggy,unstablesoil.Whensuchrapidlythawedpermafrostispart

oftheverticalbankofalake,thebankslumpsintothewater,enlargingthelake.Moreof

thebankcollapsesifthesoilisfine-grained,ratherthansandy.Anotheringredientin

Pelletier'sexplanationisalong,gentleslope.BecauseAlaska'sorientedlakesare

embeddedinagentlyslopinglandscape,(hedownhillendofalakealwayshasashorter

bank.AccordingtoPelleliefsComputermodel,shorterbanksmeltmoreandhavebigger

slumps.Thereforewhenthelakeexperiencesthawslumping,Pelletier'smodelsaysthe

lakegrowsmoreinthedownhilldirectionthanitdoesuphill,generatingthelakes'

characteristicelongatedeggshape.

1、ThemostmysteriouspartaboutAlaska'slakesis.

A、theirfast-growingspeed

B、theirvarietyinsize

C、theirelongated-eggshape

D、theiruniformorientation

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题考查叁理引申题。四个选项在第一段都有涉及,而且也都是阿拉

斯加湖泊群的特点。但是第二段末句指出,湖泊的形状和大小不一是正常现象,但

走向相同却很少见。因此[D]才是其最神秘的一点。

2、Theword"thaw"(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans.

melting

B、erosion

C、freezing

D^growing

标准答案:A

知识点解析:本题考查词义题。第二段第二句提到,湖泊群不同寻常的特点使它们

拥有一个属于自己的名字:“orientedthaw湖泊群从上下文可知,oriented指的

是“湖泊群一致的走向第三段首句指出。佩尔蒂埃针对“同向ihaw湖泊群”的成

因提出了一种新的理论。第二句是对该理论的简单描述:永冻土突然“thaw”,导致

湖岸季节性坍塌。第三句是进一步的详细描述:温度迅速升高导致冰冻的湖岸融

化,湖岸土壤被水侵蚀,滑入水中,引起湖泊的扩张。第二句中的permafrost与第

三句中的frozenbank对应,ihaws(动词)与melts(动词)对应,因此thaw的意思是

“融化”。因此[A]正确。

3、AccordingtoPelletier,thedrivingforcebehindthefbmiationofAlaska'slakes

is.

A、theprevailingwinds

B、heatwave

C、fine-grainedsoil

D、permafrost

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查推理引申题。第六段第一句提出,如果温度缓慢升高,那么

湖泊群不会受到影响。第二、三句转折指出,如果热浪提前到来,就会引起湖岸土

壤中的冰融化成水;土壤被水浸泡,滑入湖泊中,从而引起湖泊面积的扩大。因此

热浪是驱动力量,[B]正确。第五段首句指出永冻土是关键因素,但关键因素不等

同于驱动力量,排除[D]。由第六段末句可知,细密的土壤比疏松的土壤更容易滑

入湖泊中.但如果没有热浪的提早到来,细密的土壤也不会塌陷,因此排除[C|。

由第四段首句可知,[A]是传统理论认为的该湖泊群形状和走向的成因,排除[A]。

4、WhichofthefollowingstatementwillsupportPelletier'stheory?

A、Morebiglakesoccurredoncoarse-grained,sandysoils.

Thelakesareorientedperpendiculartothewind.

C、Largerlakesgenerallyhavelowerbanks.

D、Thelakeshaveindeedgrownmoreintheuphilldirection.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本题考查具体细节题。第四段阐述的足传统的理论。末句提到粗糙的

沙质土壤受到侵蚀的速度更快,即,这样的土壤更容易引起湖泊的扩张。因此[A]

支持的是传统的理论。第四段第二、三句提到,盛行风垂直吹向湖泊的长轴,激起

的水流侵蚀湖岸,从而引发湖泊的扩张。因此[B]支持的也是传统的理论。最后一

段中,佩尔蒂埃提出了湖泊扩张形成的另一因素,即,长且平缓的斜坡。这种斜坡

促使稍矮些的下坡方向的湖岸出现更大程度的塌陷,因此湖泊从稍矮些的湖岸处开

始扩张。换言之,更大的湖泊群应该有更低的湖岸。IC]与此意相符,为正确项。

同理,根据末段最后一句可知,[D]错在“上坡”,应该是“下坡”。

5、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A、Alaska'slakeshaveuniquenamesbecauseoftheircoverage.

B、Pelletierusedacomputermodeltodescribetheformationoflakes.

C>Traditionalexplanationsfocusonwhythelakesgrowfast.

D、ThepermafrostzoneinAlaskameltsinthefall.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查具体细节题c[R]在第七段第二句提到,为正确项c第二段

第二句提到,湖泊群的覆盖面积很大,并且因其不寻常之处而得名。第三句指出它

们的不寻常之处在于湖泊的走向一致。因此不寻常之处指的并不是它们的覆盖面

积,排除[A]。由第四段第一句可知,传统的解释关注的是湖泊的形状和走向。[C]

与此意相悖。由第五段末句可知,阿拉斯加的永冻土地带在夏季解冻,[D]与此意

相悖。

DisgustMakesUsTrulySick"Hemakesmesick"isnotusuallyastatementaboutthe

flu.It'sajudgmentaboutsomeone'sbehavior,asentencedeliveredwithcompletedisgust

aboutoneofourfellowhumanbeingswhodoesn'tknowhowtobehaveproperly.It's

interestingthatthismetaphorfordisapprovalcanalsobeveryreal.Whenweseebad

behavior,weoftendofeelsick.Thehandgoestothemouth,thedisgustsetsin,andwe

turnupournosesasifsomethingfouljustwalkedby.ResearchersattheUniversityof

Torontohavealsojustdiscoveredthatpeoplereacttodisgustingphotographs,andmoral

disgustwithsimilarfacialmovements.Inotherwords,themoralcodemustbe

biologicallybasedbecausewereactthesametorottenmilk,picturesofrottenfeet.The

ideathatmoralityhasadeep,evolutionarybasishasbeenaroundforawhileIn1996,

primatologistFransdeWaalwroteinhisbook"GoodNaturcd"thathumanswerenotthe

onlyspeciestofeelmoraloutrageandtheneedforsocialjustice;chimpanzees,too,are

moralanimalswithasocialcodethatkeepsthegroupinline.Ifchimpshadthebeginning

ofmorality,thenilmusthavebeenpartofournatureforages.Atthetime,deWaal's

evolutionaryperspectiveonmoralitywentagainsttheveryfoundationsofWestern

civilization.Philosophers,culturalanthropologistsandhistoriansheldthatmoralrules

werearecentadditiontohumansocieties,somethingthatseparatedusfromtheapes.But

clearly,ithasdeeproots.Moralityis,afterall,universalamongus,whichsuggeststhatit

ispartofhumannature.Butjustbecausewcwrinkleournosesatbadbehaviorandjust

becausechimpanzeesaremoralphilosophersdoesnotmeanthatthecontentsofthemoral

codeitselfisallhardwired.Childreninsomeculturesarebeatenregularly,whileinother

places,physicalpunishmentiscompletelywrong.Themoralcodealsoshiftswithtime.

SmokingisconsideredmorallywronginU.S.socialsituationsthesedaysbutnotsolong

agowasacceptedineveryhouseandeveryoffice.Weneedthesemutuallyagreed-upon

socialrightsandwrongsbecausewithoutsomestructurewe'dbeabunchofheadless

chickensrunningaroundunabletofunctionasagroup.It'sthereforeagoodthing

evolutionhasgivenusthecapacitytomakesomemoralrulesandbedisgustedbythose

whobreakthem.Foronce,itseems,thenatureandnurturepeoplearebothright.Our

capacitytohaveamoralcodeissurelypartofourfundamentalsocialnature,anecessary

partofgroupliving.Butatthesametime,wegettodecidewhatisrightandwrong,and

thatmakesmoralityacollectivethoughtprocessthatworksforthegroup,notjustthe

individual.Italsoapparentlyallowsustojudgewhenthemilkhasgonesourandthat

therearcsomethingswe'djustassoonnotlookat.

6、"Hemakesmesick"ismentionedto.

A、illustratethediversityoflanguageexpressions

B、emphasizetheinfluenceofthebadbehaviors

C、correlatemoralityandphysicalreaction

D、exemplifytheroleofmetaphorindailylife

标准答案:c

知识点初乐本题考查作者意图。作者在文章开篇即指出所举的比喻句并不是用来

描述感冒,而是人们对有失德行之人的评价用语。第二段紧接着提出这种比喻也可

体现在人的生理反应上。第三段至文章结尾具体指出了道德判断同人的生理反应之

间的联系。可见,文章开始提到这种比喻目的是引出全文论述的观点,即引出精神

和生理之问的关系,[C]选项正确。[A]、[D]选项就事论事,没有跳出举例的具体

内容。显然.文章并未涉及语言的复杂性以及现实和文学之间的差异,故排除。

[B]选项是利用原文词汇“badbehavior”捏造的干扰项,文章第三段确实简要介绍了

恶劣行径会导致人做出一系列的举动,但从第四段开始文章主要围绕着道德同生理

反应之间的联系展开叙述,因此排除[B]选项。

7^AccordingtoFransdeWaal,chimpanzees.

ANarctheonlyanimalswithmoralcode

B、couldgetangryaltheunfairtreatment

C^sharethesameemotionswithhuman

D、maintainthehierarchybymakingrules

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查具体细节。文章第五、六段阐述了灵长类动物学家弗

兰・德・瓦尔的研究发现。第五段第二句提到,同人类一样,黑猩猩也有义愤感且需

要社会公平以维持其族群的秩序。因此.[B]选项正确。[A]选项偷梁换柱,将“人

类并不是唯一具有义愤感和需要社会公平的物种”偷换成“黑猩猩是唯一具有道德准

则的生物[C]选项根据第五段第二旬设置干扰,将“feelmoraloutrageandtheneed

forsocialjustice”偷换成“emotion”,含义随之改变。[D]选项是根据第五段第二句设

置的干扰,将“keepsthegroupinline"偷换成"maintainitshierarchy”。

8、Theword"hard-wired"(Line4,Para.7)isclosestinmeaningto.

A、correct

B、compulsory

C、complicated

D^consistent

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题考查词义理解。本题考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力。文章

第七段第一句指出“不能因为我们对卑劣的行为嗤之以鼻以及因为黑猩猩有道德感

就认为道德准则的内容本身是hard-wired0随后指出不同文化背景卜对孩子体罚

的态度是不同的且随着时间的迁移道德准则也在改变。由此可猜出,hard-wired的

意思是“一成不变的,静止的",故[D]选项正确。

9、Wecanlearnfromthetextthatmoralcode.

A、iswhatseparateshumanfromanimals

B、ensuresthenormalsocietaloperation

CNispartofhuman'sbasicsocialnature

D、hasitsorigininhumanbeing'sbiology

标准答案:R」「

知识点解析:本题考查观点细节。文章最后两段指出如果没有道德准准则,人类就

像如同一盘散沙。可见,道德准则能够约束人类的行为并保证社会的正常运行,故

[B]选项正确。[A]选项是根据第六段第二句设置的干扰项,将原文的“道德可用来

区分人和猿”篡改成“道德准则用来区分人类和其他动物”,故错误。根据文中第九

段第二句话指出,拥有道德准则的能力是人类社交本能的组成部分,而非道德准则

本身,[C]选项错误。由文章第四段可知,道德准则有深厚的生理基础,但并非指

出生理是其根源.|D]选项过度引申。

10、Thepassageismainlyaboutthemorality's.

A、literarysource

B、physicalreaction

C、societalfunction

D、evolutionarypurpose

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查文章主旨。纵观全文,文章首段以一个比喻句为例引出文章

叙述的要点:道德判断同恶心之间存在一定的联系。随后通过生活中的具体事例以

及科学研究证实了这一观点的正确性,指出道德准则是有进化意义的,道德是人类

天性的一部分,是先天和后天的“统一”,最后指出道德判断同恶心之间的联系使人

类不仅能更好地判断事物是否腐坏,也能够制定道德准则以指导人的社会活动。可

见,全文都是围绕着道德的生理反应展开叙述的,因此[B]选项正确。[A]选项是根

据文章开篇的比喻句设置的干扰。比喻句的使用只是全文的一个引子,目的是为了

引出下文对道德同一定的生理反应之间的联系的叙述。[C]选项太窄,文章只在最

后一段谈及了道德的社会功能,无法概括全篇,故排除。[D]选项是根据原文第五

段的个别词汇“evolulionary”编造的选项,文章并未涉及道德的意义,故错误。

In1966,TheyRefusedtoSue?NotNowWheneverthephrase"compensationculture"is

used,anactivecoalitionoftradeunionists,WhitehallofficialsandLeft-leaning

publicationsleapintoactiontodenythatsuchathingexistsinBritain.Theypointout

thatthenumberofclaimshasbeenfallingforthepasttwoorthreeyears,thattheaverage

payoutislow,thatitisn'teasytogetcompensation,andthatthemediablowupabsurd

casesthatcometocourtbutburythefactthatthecasesubsequentlyfailed.Allthismay

betrue;yetitisequallyundeniableinthisweekendthatmarksthe40thanniversaryofthe

Aberfandisaster,thatacompensationcultureexiststodaywhereitneverdidbefore.It's

hardtoreadaboutihaidayinMenhyrTydfilwithoutyourfeelingswellingup.On[he

onehand,theexampleofthedeputyheadmasterfounddeadwithfivechildreninhis

arms,asifprotectingthem.Ontheother,thelife-on-MarsbehaviouroftheCoalBoard,

whichdemanded£150,000outofthe£160,000relieffundinordertomovetheslag

heaps.Andyetthevillagersrefusedtosuetheboardasthatwouldbe"tobowto

vengeance".Then,agenerationlaterin1990,ayoungwomanissuedawritsuingthe

boardforthepsychologicaldamageshesufferedasawitnesstotheevents.Shereceived

morethananyofthemoreproximatevictims.Whatevertherightsandwrongsofher

claim,itdemonstratedaverysignificantsocialshiftacompensationculturedidn'texistat

thetimeofthedisasterin1966buthadclearlystartedtoform25yearslater.Andit

evolvedrapidly.NineyearsaftertheHillsboroughdisasterin1989,anumberofpolice

officerswhohadattendedthecarnageatthefootballgroundclaimedsubstantial

paymentsforposttraumaticstress.Aformersergeantgot2300,000.Fourteenother

officersaccepted£1.2millionbetweenthem.PhilHainmond,wholosta14-year-old

son,received£3,500.Hecalledthepaymentstothepolice(whobelongedtoan

organisationthathadcausedthedisastertohappen,asLordJusticeTayiorreported)

"disgusting".Theculturehasnowmutatedandweheardailyreportsofits

manifestations.Itisinthiscontextthatyoucanconnectawiderangeofdifferent

phenomena.Thefactthatcansofnutspresentthewarning"Containsnuts"isconnected

tothefactthatteacherswon'tputapiasteronyourchild'skneewithoutwrittenconsent,

whichisalsoconnectedtothefactthattensofthousandsofgravestonesalloverthe

countryarcbeinglaidflat.Why?Becausepeoplesueforcompensationwhenthingsgo

wrong.Theauthoritiessayit'stodowithpublicsafety;itisn'ttrue.Achildwaskilled

whenagravestonefellonhim.Butthecouncilsreactedonlywhena£30,000award

wasmadetothemotherthreeyearslater.Itisthecosttothepublicpursecausedby

compensationcasesthatproducesthisbizarrebehaviour.It'sthethreatoflegalsuitand

largepay-outsthatgivebitetoHealthandSafetyprocedures.

11、WhatdoestheexampleoftheAberfandisasterillustrate?

A>Disastervictimsdon'ttendtogetpropercompensation.

B、Compensationculturedidn'texistinBritain.

C、Theauthorities,statementsarefarfromtruth.

D、Thepublicwaspoorlyeducatedconcerningitslegalrights.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查段落主旨题。第一段末句指出,现在英国出现了前所未有的

赔偿文化。紧接着第二段举出了艾伯凡玻难的例子。第二段木句指出,受害居民没

有起诉索赔,因为他们不想为了复仇而这样做,他们的观念是:起诉索赔反映了复

仇心理。因此第二段与第一段末句的含义形成对比,第二段的例子是为了说明以前

英国不存在赔偿文化,[B]正确。[A]是对现在情况的描述,与事实不符。[C]在第

一段一开始有所涉及,但它不是第二段举例所要说明的问题,排除。[D]属于过度

引申,文中作者没有进一步探究为什么不存在赔偿文化。

12、Whenmentioning"awiderangeofdifferentphenomena',(Lines3—Para.4).the

authoristalkingabout.

A、allkindsofsuesforcompensation

B、exaggeratedmediareportsofcases

C、precautionarymeasuresagainstlawsuits

D、thebeneficiariesofcompensationculture

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本题考查推理引申题。第四段第三句列举了一系列现象,然后末句点

出导致这些现象发生的原因——为了防止问题发生后受害者起诉索赔巨款。因此这

些现象都是有关各方为了避免被起诉或支付巨额赔款而采取的措施。[C]正确。这

些现象是防止诉讼的举措,而不是索赔诉讼本身,因此[A|错误。这些现象都是事

实,并不是夸张的新闻表道,因此排除[B]。这些现象主要强调预防赔偿,而非从

赔偿中受益,排除[D]。

13、Theauthorbelievesthatsafetyprocedureshavenowbeendrawnupbecause

of.

A^theconsiderationofpublicsafety

B、thedenialofcompensationculture

C^thepressurefromthepublic

D^thefearofcompensation

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题考直具体细节题。第五段首句指出,政府官员声称出于对公共安

全的考虑,各方面采取了防范措施。作者马上对此予以否定。接着该段第三、四句

延续第四段的内容继续介绍“墓碑事件''的结果。第五、六句就该例子指出,制定安

全措施的真正目的是——害怕法律诉讼和巨额赔偿。因此[D]正确。[A]是作者反驳

的政府官员持有的说法,不是作者本人的观点。[B]、[C]无从推知。

14、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A^TheBritishgovernmenthasattachedimportancetocompensationculture.

B、OneindirectvictimofAberfandisasterhasbeencompensated.

C、AllHillsboroughvictimshavebeengrantedgoodcompensation.

D、thecouncilsreactedswiftlytothegravestoneaccident.

标准答案:B」

知识点解析:本题考查具体细节题。由第一段首句可知,政府方面否认英国存在

“赔偿文化”,[A]与文意相悖。由第三段一、二句可知,一位艾伯凡矿难的目击者

受到的赔偿比直接受害者还多,[B]与此意相符,为正确项。第三段后面部分提到

各方因希尔斯伯勒惨案获得的赔偿数额。在此惨案中失去儿子的费尔・哈蒙德获得

的赔偿数额远远少于那些警官,因此他没有得到很好的赔偿。[C]与文意不符,排

除。末段第三句指出,委员会是在事发三年后才做出反应的,[D]与文意相悖。

15、Towardcompensationculture,thewriter'sattitudecanhesaidtobe.

supportive

BNobjective

C、disgusted

D^indifferent

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查作者态度题。第一段指出官方一贯认为英国不存在赔偿文

化,但作者认为英国现在出现了前所未有的赔偿文化。第二段作者举例说明英国以

前不存在“赔偿文化”。第三段作者举两个例子说明英国开始出现赔偿文化并迅速发

展。第四、五段作者举例说明导致健康和安全措施得到改善的原因就是“赔偿文化”

的兴起。综观全文可知,作者一直在用事实说话,只是客观地谈论“赔偿文化”在英

国的历史和现状,并没有表示自己是支持还是反对它,因此作者的态度是客观的,

没有表现出厌恶或支持的态度,因此[B]正确,排除[A]和[0。全文都是围绕英国

的“赔偿文化”展开论述,作者的态度不可能是对它漠不关心。排除[D]。

TheJournalofPublicTrustTheWallStreetJournalhascontinuedastheworldsmost

crediblenewssourceandonethatrefusedtoconformtothepassingprejudiceanderror

ofthejournalisticherd.NaturallytheJournalreceivesongoingabusefromtheherdforits

distressingindependence.Yet,rarelyisthecriticismstraightforwardbutratheranassault

ontheconservatismoftheJournafseditorialpage,whichstrikesconlormisljournalistsas

aninsultandistherealcauseoftheherd'sdistress.Ratherthecriticismfocusesonthe

Journal'sbottomline,itssluggishshareprice,andrumorsthatthefamilycontrollingthe

paper,theBancroftfamily,isunhappyandabouttosellit.TherumorsoftheBancrofts'

unhappinessareallhighlyexaggeratedandquicklyrefuted.Forthisproudfamilywhose

ancestor,ClarenceW.Barron,purchasedtheJournalandwithittheDowJonesnews

servicein1902conceivesofitsownershipasa"publictrust”.ThatishowRoyA.

Hammer,alawyerandtrusteefortheentitiesthroughv/hichtheBancroftscontrolthe

paper,describedtheirsenseofownership.Thisisnotsounusual.Greatnewspapershave

alwaysplayedamajorroleinAmericancivillife.Isaid"greatnewspapers,"serious

newspapers,thekindthatputgatheringnewsaheadofsensationalism.Mostofthetruly

profitablenewspapersinthecountrytodayareessentiallyshoppingcircularswithsome

cheapjournalismprintedonthosepagesnotdevotedtoshoppingmallsales.Thegreat

newspaperchainstakeoverlocalpapers,firejournalists,andsetouttofilltheirpages

withstillmoreadvertisements.Well,theysupplyaservice.Theyletreadersknowabout

theprice,say,ofchickenaltheGiantorsnowtiresattheCVS.Butfewerandfewerlocal

newspaperssupplymuchnewsandanalysis.Greatnewspapersdo,andnotonethatI

knowofmakesavastamountofmoney.Greatnewspapersdohelptosettheagendafor

thenation.Theybreakstoriesofcorruptionoronothervitalmatters.Oneofthefew

thingsIfindadmirableabouttheNewYorkTimesisthatitscontrollingfamily,the

Sulzbergerfamily,isnotintentonsqueezingeverypennyofprofitoutofitsflagship

paper.ThuslastweekwhenIreadalongcritiqueintheTimesoftheWallStreet

Journal'smanagementforitssluggishfinancialperformance,1discoveredhypocrisy.

Profitsareessentialtoallbusinesses.Foronethingtheyareaveryaccuratepollofthe

populace'stastes,butthereareotherservicessomecorporationssupplytosociety.Both

theJournalandtheTimessupply-attoohighacost-informationthatenlightensthe

citizenry.

16、Thejournalisticherd'sdistressiscausedbytheWallStreetJoumaPs.

A^credibility

B、prejudice

C、conformism

D^professionalism

标准答案:C

知识点.析:本题考查事实细节。第一段第二句提到,《华尔街日报》因其令人苦

恼的独立性不断受到新闻群体的攻击。紧接着第三句提到,但是这种批评是对社论

版保守主义立场的攻击(anassaultontheconservatism).这种攻击被墨守陈规者视为

侮辱同时也是引起新闻群体担忧的真正原因。因此,可知[C]项是真正的起因。

17、TheBancroftfamilypurchasedtheWallStreetJournalto.

A、sellitforahigherprice

promotetheDowJonesnewsservice

C、dominatethegreatnewspaperschains

D、influenceAmericanciviclife

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题考查布理引申。第二段提到,班克罗夫特家族因其祖先收购《华

尔街日报》而骄傲,并设想自己成为“公共信任”的所有者。律师兼托管人证实了这

种所有权意识。该段第四、五句紧接上文,指出(班克罗夫特家族的这种做法)并不

罕见,大报纸在美国市民生活中总是发挥重要的作用。由此可推出[D]项是收购

《华尔街日报》的目的。道琼斯新闻服务与《华尔街日报》同时被收购,但两者之

间并无联系。[B]项排除。[A]和[C]项与事实不符。

18、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatgreatnewspapers.

A、havetoengageinaformofsensationalism

B、makeabiggerprofitthanlocalpapers

C、supplymuchnewsandanalysis

D^refusetoaccepttheerrorofthejournalisticherd

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本题考查准理引申。第二段末句提到,“大报纸”是严肃的报纸,把收

集新闻看做比报道耸人听闻的消息更重要。因此[A]项排除。第三段首句提到,绝

大多数真正有利可图的天纸基本是购物广告;第三段最后两句乂提到,越来越少的

地方报纸提供较多的新闻和分析,大报纸则提供,而几乎没有一家大报纸赚到大笔

的钱。由此可排除[B]项,得出[0项正确。[D]项是首段提到的《华尔街日报》的

特点,不能代表所有大果纸。

19、Theauthorsays"Idiscoveredhypocrisy"(Lastline,para.4),because.

A、theTimeswasinvolvedincorruption

B、theTimeswasbecomingprofit-driven

C、theTimeswasattackingtheJournal

D^theJournalwasinfinancialdifficulty

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查推理引申。对句子的理解依赖上下文。第四段第一、二句提

到,大报纸帮助国家安排议程,揭露受贿等。该段第三句提到《纽约时报》这个大

报纸,指出其令人钦佩的一点是并不完全以赢利为目的。第四句接着指出,囚此当

我读到其对《华尔街日丑》疲软的财政状况的批评时,我发现了伪善。因此这里的

“伪善”指的是《纽约时报》这次行为过分强调赢利的重要性,不符合它一贯的做

法。因此[B]项正确。

20、Theauthorseemstobelievethatallthenewspapersshould.

A、maximizetheprofit

B、satisfythepublic'stastes

C、providesocialservices

D、informthereadersatahighcost

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本题考查作者观点。第五段中作者给出了自己的观点:利润很重要,

它准确地反映了大众的品味。但是新闻机构需要提供社会服务。因此作者反对的是

IA]项,支持的是[C]项。全文最后一句作者感叹到,《华尔街日报》和《纽约时

报》都在以过高的代价提供启迪公民的信息。显然,作者并不希望所有的新闻机构

都不赢利。[D]项不正确。

OnlineTherapyIsn'tShrinkingOnlinetherapyisdangerous,criticssay.Quackscouldset

upshopandcheatcustomers.Discontentswhoarclookingforaquickfixcouldscore

drugswithasimplemouseclick.Theentirementalhealthindustrymaydegenerateintoa

mess.AtaCapitolHillnewsconferencelastweek,acoalitionofmedicalpractitioners

andpatientadvocatesreleasedasetofguidelinestokeepthatfromhappeningbeforethe

governmentgetsachancetostepinanddoitforthem.Butcriticssaythosestandards

mightnotbeenough,andwarnthatmixingprofessionalcounselingwiththeInternetisa

potentiallyriskysituationthatthegovernmentisnotlikelytoignore.Theguidelines一the

eHealthCodeofEthics—aren'trevolutionary.They'revoluntaryrulesdrawnupbythe

InternetHealthcareCoalitionthatasktheplayersinthisfield(andintheelectronichealth

fieldingeneral)tostaythecourseandfollowasetofstandardsthatsomesitessaythey

werealreadyfollowing.GunnyCho,CEOoftheonlinetherapysiteHere21isten,com,

saidhiscompanywasalreadyadheringtotheguidelinessuggestedinthenewcode.'We

weretakingthehighestofthehighmoralground,"hesaid.Chosaidmostofthepeople

whouseStanfordUniversitybackedHere21isten'sfee-based,real-timechatserviceare

lookingforhelpwithpersonalrelationshipsandlife'sstresses.Noneofthemwillbe

hookedupwithdrugs,hesaid,becauseHere21isten'sshrinksaretheretolisten,not

prescribe.Psychology-cthicsexpertThomasNagyisguardedabouthowhisfieldis

embracingtheInternetasaclinicalmedium.TheassistantclinicalprofessoratStanford

MedicalSchool'sDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,whomaintainsa

privatepracticeasapsychologistinPaloAlto,saysonlinetherapyisfilledwithrisks.

"There'snotrainingorresearchinInternettherapy,andthere'snodefinitionofwhatit

is,*'hesaid.Hesaidface-terracecounseling,oratleasttelephonictherapy,isalways

superiortoonlinetherapy."Withwordsonascreenyouhavesuchanarrowbandwidth

ofemotionalovertones,"hesaid."Iwouldalwaysarguefortelephoneconsultation

insteadofemailtherapy.Ithinkthere'ssomuchmoreinformationavailable,youcanat

leasttellsomethingabout(apatient's)emotionaltone."GlennMarron,apsychologist

whomaintainsaprivatepracticeinNewYorkandonceservedasconsultanttothe

government,agreedthattheindustryismovingquickerthanitshould."Ithinkthere'sno

questionthatultimatelythisindeedisgoingtobeoneofthemainformatsformental

health,"shesaid,"Thetechnologyisfarmoreadvancedthantheinfrastructureand

guidelineswchave."

21、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatonlinetherapyguidelines.

A、revealthefirmpositionoftheethicscommittee

B、arecompulsoryrequirementsforthetherapysites

C、willresultinnoradicalchangeinthepresentsituation

D、preventtheneedforgovernment-imposedregulationinthefuture

标准答案:c

知识点解斤:本题考查具体细节。第二、三段都围绕“在线治疗的指导原则”展开论

述。第三段提到,该指导原则并非革命性的,它是自愿执行的,而且提出的一些标

准是一些网站声称已经在遵守的。因此[C]正确,同时排除[A]和|B|。第二段首句

提到,公布指导原则的目的是为了防止政府制定强制性规定干预此事,但无法推出

将来也可以阻止政府制定规则,所以[D]错误。

22、Theword''shrinks"(line11,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto.

A^psychiatrists

B、patients

C^customers

D^critics

标准答案:A

知识点解析:本题考查根据上下文推测词义。第四段主要阐述了一位在线治疗网站

的负责人维护该网站的观点。他指出在线治疗方式不会导致病人滥用药物,因为

shrinks的作用是倾听,而不是开药,因此可推知shrinks指的应该是网站的医生,

[A]正确。

23>Onlinetherapyiscriticizedfor.

A、givingpotentiallyharmfuladvicetothecustomers

B、sellingdrugstohelpapersontocommitsuicide

C、thedisclosureofpatients'informationwithoutpermission

D、thelackofsystematictrainingandresearchsupport

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题考查具体细节。第五段论述了心理道德专家认为在线治疗充满了

危险的观点。该段第三句的引语中提到,“在线治疗没有职业培训或专业研究,本

身也没有确切定义”,因此[D]正确。[A]、[B]出现了第一段第二、三句中的词语

customers和drugs,但这两句只提至『'庸医开店讴骗消费者,不满分子通过网络轻

而易举地买到毒品“,因此[A]和[B]无从推知。[C|文中未提及。

24ThomasNagyprefersface-to-facetherapybecause.

A^clinicaldoctorsarcmorepassionateforpatientcare

B、signsofpatientsareinvisibletoatherapistviaemail

C、itisabetterwaytoaddressmentalhealthproblems

D、itavoidstheconstraintsofonlinediagnosisandtreatment

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本题考查观点细节。根据ThomasNagy定位到第五段。该段第四句

到段末都在阐述他对在线治疗和面对面治疗的观点。他指出,“面对面的咨询,或

至少是电话治疗,总是比在线治疗要高级。电子邮件传递病人情感信息极其有

限。”言外之意是,面对面咨询可以同时运用视觉和听觉手段直接了解患者病情。

出]与原文意思相符合,为正确答案。[A]原文未提到。[C]是题干的同义复现,并

不是原因,排除。[D]太泛,文中只提到了在线治疗的一个方面的缺陷,即看不见

病人的症状.

25、Whichofthefollowinggroupismostlikelytosupportinternettherapy?

A、Medicalpractitioners.

B、Psychologicalexperts.

C、Thegovernment.

D、Networkcompanies.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题考查准理引申。第四段以在线治疗网站Here21isten.com的首席

执行官为例,说明了在线治疗网站和公司的立场和观点。这些公司认为自己己经在

遵守相关道德准则,而且在线治疗医生的职责不是开药方,而是提供精神层面的帮

助,可见,它们在为在线治疗辩护,所以[D]正确。第五、六段以ThomasNagy和

GlennMarron的观点为例,说明了心理道德专家和心理学家对在线治疗持有的否定

态度,所以排除[B]。[A]、[C]的态度不明朗,也应排除。

2050andImmortalityIsWithinOurGraspAeroplaneswillbetooafraidtocrash,

yoghurtswillwishyougoodmorningbeforebeingeatenandhumanconsciousnesswill

bestoredonsupercomputers,promisingimmortalityforall.Thesefantasticclaimsare

notmadebyasciencefictionwriteroracrystalballgazingmadman.Theyarethedeadly

earnestpredictionsofIanPearson,headofthefuturologyu

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