高考英语阅读理解专项训练与热点解答题组合练含解析

高考英语阅读理解专项训练与热点解答题组合练含解析一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练1．阅读理解

IhavethreekidsandagreathusbandandI'menjoyingacareerthatIfindchallengingandfun.Thisfeelslike"Success"totheoutsideworld.ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.

SoIbookedatriptofindout.Itravelled,forthefirsttime,withoutmyhusbandorkids.IwenttoIcelandwithafriend,whosharesanappreciationforwildernessandsilence.

Forsixdays,wewereimmersedinwild,rawsceneryandrealweather—allkindsofweather.Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.

IfoundsilenceinIceland，andtimetoconsiderthemeoutsideofcareerandthemeoutsideofkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangers.

WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened，Ibecamemoregenerous.I1earnedthatchoosingtobegenerouscancreatemorespace,morefoodandmorewarmth.

ButIdidn'treallygainanybetterappreciationofwhatIwantfromlifeormyjob.IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy，andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.

Icamehometonoise，rushandlove;withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.Iknowtheanswerisn'twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountaininIceland.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.（1）WhydidtheauthortakeatriptoIceland?A.

Togainanewexperience.

B.

Toenjoyfamilyhappiness.C.

Tobetterunderstandherself.

D.

Toappreciatenaturalbeauty.（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'strip?A.

Puzzling

B.

Thrilling

C.

Relaxing

D.

Demanding（3）Whatchangehappenedtotheauthorafterthetrip?A.

Shebecamemorepositive

B.

ShebecamemoreenergeticC.

Shebecameevenlonelier

D.

Shebecamemoreanxious（4）Whatwilltheauthordointhefuture?A.

Withdrawbacktonature.

B.

Embracerealitybravely.C.

TraveltoIcelandmoreoften.

D.

Paylessattentiontoherfeelings.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰岛之旅。回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段中的“ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.SoIbookedatriptofindout.”可知作者心里一直有疑问，那就是"我是真正的自己吗？"，所以作者预定了旅行去寻找答案，即她去冰岛旅行的目的是寻找真正的自我，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.”可知作者在冰岛旅行时冒雨爬山，饮食简单，并且体验到了种种不适，故推测作者的旅行是艰苦的，故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.和Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.”可知作者不再困惑，她知道真正自我的答案就在日常生活中，就在她所做出的每个选择中，故推测作者旅行回来后变乐观了。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy，andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.”可知作者怀疑驱使她去冰岛的焦虑正在让她失去选择感恩和快乐的能力，也让她看不到在家庭和事业中的挑战。故推测作者以后不会逃避生活，并且能够勇敢面对生活中暂时的困惑。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

ThemayorofFlintofferedMissMichiganEmilySiomahighpraiseonTuesdayforspeakingoutatthisweekend'sMissAmericaconferenceaboutthecity'swatercrisis.

"Iwasreallyexcitedforhertodothat,"MayorKarenWeavertoldTMZ."Ithinkshewasverybravebecausesomanytimesyousaywhoyouareandwhereyou'refromandjustgeneralinformation.Forhertotakethatopportunityanduseherplatformandusehervoicetospeakupaboutwhat'sgoingoninMichiganandinFlint,inparticular,wasjustamazing."

EmilySioma,24,introducedherselfonstageonSundaybysaying,"Fromthestatewith84percentoftheU.S.freshwaterbutnoneforitsresidentstodrink.IamMissMichiganEmilySioma."Thebrief'speechwasareferencetoFlint,atownwithlead-filleddrinkingwater.

WeaversaidSioma'sdecisiontospeakabouttheFlintwatercrisisdemonstratedherimpressivecharacter."Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Anditalsoshowsyouthatshe'snotaselfishperson,"Weaversaid."Shecouldhavetalkedonlyaboutherself,butshechosetousethisopportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingonwithwaterqualitystandardswhat'sgoingonwiththisbrokeninfrastructure(基础设施)thatwehaveacrossthecountry."

Ratingsshowedthat4.3millionviewerswatchedtheABCprogram.AlthoughMissNewYorkNiaImaniFranklinultimatelywonthecompetition,manyTwitterusersquicklygotbehindSioma,whodidnotmakethefinal15,afterherintroduction.

"EmilySiomawantedtomakeanimpact,"oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessofwhetheryouagreewithwhatshesaidornot-sheisshininglightonapressingissuethatwehaveinourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.ThatisaMissAmerica."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"watercrisis"refertoinParagraph1?A.Watertransportation.B.Watershortage.C.Waterreservation.D.Waterquality.（2）HowdoesthemayorfindEmilySioma?A.Curiousandcautious.B.Braveandunselfish.C.Proudandadmirable.D.Talkativeandoutgoing.（3）WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph5?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.IntroducetheABCprogram.C.EmphasizeSioma'sinfluence.D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMayorofFlintB.ATwitterVoiceC.TheABCCompetitionD.AMissAmerica【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Sioma在一次会议中大胆地提出了美国大城市用水质量存在的问题，Flint市的市长高度赞扬了她并认为她是一个勇敢且大公无私的人，网上的人们也表达了对此事的看法。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Fromthestatewith84percentoftheU.S.freshwaterbutnoneforitsresidentstodrink”该州拥有美国84%的淡水，但却没有可供居民饮用的水；和第四段中的“shechosetousethisopportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingonwithwaterqualitystandards”她选择利用这个机会来引起人们的注意，并持续关注Flint正在发生的事情，水质标准正在发生的事情，可推知,Sioma在会议中提出了美国城市面临的水质问题,由此可知,此处画线词watercrisis应指美国城市的水质问题，与D项意思相近。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Anditalsoshowsyouthatshe'snotaselfishperson.”我为她的勇敢喝彩。这也表明她不是一个自私的人。可知,市长认为EmilySioma是一个勇敢时且大公无私的人。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。通读第五段可知，虽然Sioma没有获得冠军,但是有许多人都支持她。再结合第六段中的“EmilySiomawantedtomakeanimpact,”EmilySioma想要制造影响；以及”oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessofwhetheryouagreewithwhatshesaidornotsheisshininglightonapressingissue"一名Twitter用户周日写道。不管你是否同意她所说的，她正在解决一个紧迫的问题）可推知，作者写第五段主要是为了强调Sioma的影响力。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,本文介绍了Sioma大胆地提出了美国大城市用水质量存在的问题,Flint市市长高度赞扬了她。再根据最后一段中的“sheisshininglightonapressingissuethatwehaveinourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.That,isaMissAmerica.”她在我们州的一个紧迫问题上发出了希望之光，而这个问题仍然没有得到解决。这就是美国小姐。可知，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopmentAccordingtothefindings,teenagersaged15to16whohadaclosefriendshipratherthanalargergroupoffriendstheywerelessclosetohadagreatersenseofself-worthbythetimetheywere25yearsold.Thosepeoplewithaveryclosebestfriendwerealsolesslikelytoexperiencedepressionandsocialanxiety,thestudyfound.

"Closefriendshipstrengthinmid-adolescencepredictedrelativeincreasesinself-worthanddecreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptomsbyearlyadulthood,"theauthors,ledbyRachelK,Narr,apostdoctoralstudentfocusedonclinicalpsychologyattheUniversityofVirginia,wrote.

Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.Friendshipsduringtheteenageyearspredictacademicsuccessandimprovedmentalhealth.Butthenewresearchfurtherexploresthetypeoffriendshipsteenagershave."Myhunch(预感)wasthatclosefriendshipscomparedtobroaderfriendshipgroupsandpopularitymaynotfunctionthesameway,"NarrtoldQuartz."Beingsuccessfulinoneisnotthesameasbeingsuccessfulintheother."

Manystudyparticipantsdidnotcontinuetohaveacloserelationshipwiththeirhigh-schoolbestfriend,leadingtheresearcherstowonderwhatexactlywasresponsibleforthementalhealthbenefits.Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.

Andastheresearcherspointout,thoseskillsarenotnecessarilybroughttobearintheworldofsocialmedia."Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,"studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.（1）Whatisthebenefitofhavingacloseteenagefriendship?A.

Excellentperformanceinhighschool.

B.

Alargergroupoffriends.C.

Mentalhealthbyearlyadulthood.

D.

Alargesocialnetworkinthefuture.（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutthepastresearch?A.

Itattachedgreatsignificancetoadolescentfriendships.B.

Itwastotallydifferentfromthenewresearch.C.

Ithelpedimproveteenagers'mentalhealth.D.

Itcomparedbroaderfriendshipgroupswithpopularity.（3）Whatdidtheresearchersthinkmightleadtothementalhealthbenefits?A.

Notcontinuingtohaveacloserelationship.

B.

Havingabestfriendinhighschool.C.

Understandingtheworldofsocialmedia.

D.

Knowinghowtobuildaclosefriendship（4）WhatdidtheresearcherJosephsuggest?A.

Learningtousesocialmedia.

B.

Broadeningyoursocialcircle.C.

Improvingtheskillsofmakingfriends.

D.

Concentratingonhigh-qualityrelationship.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth，accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。故选D。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"‘Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,’studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.”研究报告的撰写者之一JosephAllen在一份声明中说:“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。”可知，研究人员JosephAllen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

CamperLunchProgram

WearepleasedtooffertheCamperLunchProgramforfull-daycampersorcampersparticipatinginbothmorningandafternoonhalf-daycamps.

LunchattheOverlakeSchool

AttheOverlakeSchoolinRedmond,youcansignupforlunchatthetimeofregistration.Lunchisprovidedbytheschoolcafeteriaincludingahotmaindishandasaladbaroption.Limiteddietrestrictionscanbeaccommodatedinadvance.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:00pmonWednesday.

$40for5-daycampweek

$32for4-daycampweek

LunchatViewSeattle

Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian(素的)lunchmenus.Besides,camperwithallergiesorsensitivitiesareencouragedtobringtheirownlunch.

$40for5-daycampweek

$38for4-daycampweek

LunchatSt.ThomasSchool

AtSt.ThomasSchool,lunchandsnacksareprovidedbySAGEDining.Lunchincludesahotmaindish,asaladbarandsandwichoptions.Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.

$50for5-daycampweek

$45for4-daycampweek

LunchatPacificScienceCenter

AtPacificScienceCenter,youcansignupatthetimeofregistration.LunchisprovidedbyourveryownPacificScienceCenterCafe.Everyday,standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:00pmonWednesday.

$45for5-daycampweek

$36for4-daycampweek（1）Whichprogramcanacamperwithabudgetof$35choose?A.LunchattheOverlakeSchool.B.LunchatViewSeattle.C.LunchatSt.ThomasSchool.D.LunchatPacificScienceCenter.（2）WhatarecampersforLunchatViewSeattlerequiredtodo?A.Stayfarawayfromanythingwithallergies.B.Choosetheirlunchpreferencesinadvance.C.Avoidbringingtheirownlunchforanyreason.D.Sendemailstoofferadviceonimprovinglunch.（3）Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?A.TheyreceiveregistrationsonlyonWednesday.B.Theyencouragecamperstobringsomesnacks.C.Theyaremainlyintendedforvegetariancampers.D.Theyprovidecamperswithtwosnackseachday.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。（1）考查细节理解。对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择LunchattheOverlakeSchool这个项目。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据LunchatViewSeattle部分中的“Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian(素的)lunchmenus.”可知，LunchatViewSeattle这个项目的露营者需要提前选择自己的午餐偏好。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据LunchatSt.ThomasSchool部分中的“Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.”和LunchatPacificScienceCenter部分中的“Everyday，standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.”可知，两个项目的共同之处是它们每天给露营者提供两顿零食。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

StandingdeskshavebecomecommonacrossSiliconValley,offeringhealthbenefitstothosewillingtoworkontheirfeet.However,duetotheirhighprice,theyhavefailedtocatchonuntilnow.Recently,IkeahasbroughtoutBekantconvertible(可变换的)standingdeskthatcanbecomeanormaldeskatthetouchofabutton.The$500adjustabledeskcantransformfromastandarddesktoastandingone,andIkeahopesitcouldmakethestandingdeskmainstream.

Expertssaythatchangingfromaseatedtoastandingdeskcanimproveproductivity.SimilardeskshavebecomeacommonsightattechfirmssuchasGoogle,wheresomeemployeeshaveeveninstalledtreadmill(跑步机)andbicycledesks.

Thedeskisnotthefirst"convertible"onthemarket.Asearlyas2013,StirKinectbroughtoutanadjustabledesk.The$3,890StirKinectdeskhasamotortoraiseandloweritself,changingitintoastandingdeskoratraditionaldesk.Thedeskcanevenbeprogrammedtomoveupanddownslightly,makingitappeartotakeagentlebreathtoremindtheusertochangetheirpositions.Tomovebetweensittingandstandingpositions,ownerssimplydoubletaponthescreen.Thedeskcanlearntheuser'spreferencesovertimeandsuggestthebestseatingposition.

TheStirKinectdeskwascreatedbyateamofex-AppleandDisneyengineers.Ithasabuilt-intouchscreentocontrolandtrackmovement,andcantellusersexactlyhowmanycaloriestheyburnbystandingduringtheirworkingday.ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones,tokeepcableshidden.

"Ikea'sheight-adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket,"saidJPLabrosse,founderandCEOofStir.（1）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Ikeahasbroughtoutanadjustablestandingdesk.B.

SiliconValleyofferedhealthbenefitstoofficials.C.

Googleformedtheirtechfirmstodesignbicycledesks.D.

TheStirKinectdeskwillbecomemainstreaminthemarket.（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.

BeforeBekantdesk,similaradjustabledeskshavebeenwidelyused.B.

Theseateddeskswilltaketheplaceofthestandingdesksinthefuture.C.

ComparedtotheStirKinectdesk,theBekantdeskismuchcheaper.D.

TheadjustabledesksweredesignedbytheAppleandDisneyCompany.（3）TheStirKinectdesk______.A.

canbreatheinandbreatheoutbypressingthebuttononceB.

canchargephonesbyusingadevicecontainingpowerpointC.

cantellyouhowmanycaloriesyouneedforawalkD.

canadviseyoutodomoreexerciseatapropertime（4）WhatcanweinferfromthelastsentencegivenbyJPLabrosse?A.

Ikea'sadjustabledeskwillbepopularwithaveragepeople.B.

Ikeawillhavetosellfurnitureatalowerpriceinthefuture.C.

ThisheightadjustabletablecanonlybefoundinIkea.D.

ItisnotnecessaryforIkeatoopenupthemarketatall.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，站立式办公桌在美国硅谷已经比较常见，宜家近日推出了一款名为BEKANT的可调节的站立式办公桌，这种桌子对愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，站立式办公桌在美国硅谷已经比较常见，对愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。宜家近日推出了一款名为BEKANT的可调节的站立式办公桌，使用者只需按一下按钮便可将其从普通高度调节至站立式高度。宜家希望这款办公桌占领市场，成为主流，故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知“Bekantconvertiblestandingdesk”售价为$500；而第三段中是StirKinectdesk售价为$3,890，故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones,tokeepcableshidden."StirKinect还设置了充电接口以及USB接口，可用于手机充电，故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ikea'sheight-adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket,”宜家的可调节办公桌有助于打开低端市场，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.

Thesearethefindingsofa40­yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot."Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,"saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery."Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem."

Vaillant'sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smental­healthscoreswiththeirboyhood­activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart­timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.

Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.

Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn'teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,"Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone'swork."（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.

Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.

B.

Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.

Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.

D.

Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.（2）Vaillant'swordsinParagraph2serveas________.A.

adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB.

ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetenceC.

anexampleforparents'expectationsoftheirchildrenD.

anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen（3）Vaillant'steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________.A.

recordingtheboys'effortinschool

B.

evaluatingthemen'smentalhealthC.

comparingdifferentsetsofscores

D.

measuringthemen'sproblemsolvingability（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sharp"probablymeaninParagraph4?A.

Quicktoreact.

B.

Havingathinedge.

C.

Clearanddefinite.

D.

Suddenandrapid.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。可知，约翰享受他的事业和婚姻，故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"’Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety，‘saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.’Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.‘"发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:"在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的成员。""因为他们对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。"可推知，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smental­healthscoreswiththeirboyhood­activityscores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比较不同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople，fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.”那些在童年时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。可知，Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.的意思是男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。"sharp"的意思明确，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiology(生理学)ormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.TheNobelAssemblyannouncedtheprizeattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmonMonday.

Theirworkestablishedthegeneticmechanisms(机制)thatallowcellstorespondtochangesinoxygenlevels.Thefindingshaveimplications(启示)fortreatingavarietyofdiseases.

Whydidtheywin?

"Oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingorganisms(生物体),"saidDr.GeorgeDaley,deanofHarvardMedicalSchool."Withoutoxygen,cellscan'tsurvive."Buttoomuchortoolittleoxygencanbedeadly.Thethreeresearcherstriedtoanswerthisquestion:Howdocellsregulatetheirresponses?

Theinvestigatorsuncovereddetailedgeneticresponsestochangingoxygenlevelsthatallowcellsinthebodiesofhumansandotheranimalstosenseandrespondtofluctuations(波动),increasinganddecreasinghowmuchoxygentheyreceive.

Whyistheworkimportant?

Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.RandallJohnson,amemberoftheNobelAssembly,describedtheworkasa"textbookdiscovery"andsaiditwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation.

"Thisisabasicaspectofhowacellworks,andIthinkfromthatstandpointaloneit'saveryexcitingthing."Johnsonsaid.

Theresearchalsohasimplicationsfortreatingvariousdiseasesinwhichoxygenisinshortsupply—includinganemia,heartattacksandstrokes—aswellasfortreatmentofcancersthatarefedbyandseekoutoxygen.（1）ThisresearchhaswontheNobelPrizemainlybecause____________.A.

therewasnoresearchofthiskindinthepastB.

oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingthingsC.

ithasuncoveredhowcellssenseandrespondtochangesinoxygenlevelsD.

variousdiseaseswillbecuredwiththehelpofthefindingsoftheresearch（2）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____________.A.

TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoaphysiologistonMondayinSweden.B.

Cancercellsmanagetohijackoxygenandneedoxygentodevelop.C.

Themoreoxygenthereisinblood,thehealthieralivingbodywillbe.D.

Thegeneticmechanismshavebeenfoundthatallowoxygentoadapttocells.（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedwordinthetext?A.

usedfortextbooks

B.

powerfulandauthoritativeC.

typicalasaperfectexample

D.

basicandclear（4）InwhichpartofTheNewYorkTimescanyoufindthisarticle?A.

Entertainment

B.

Culture

C.

Technology

D.

Science【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家，他们发现了细胞如何感知并适应氧气变化的含量。这是一项具有开创性的发现，为抗击贫血、癌症和许多其他疾病的新策略铺平了道路。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.”以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应的适应性方面所做的工作。可知这项研究之所以获得诺贝尔奖，主要是因为它揭示了细胞如何感知和响应氧气水平的变化。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据Whyistheworkimportant?部分中的“Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.”这些发现揭示了细胞机制，这些机制控制着对高海拔环境的适应，以及癌细胞是如何攫取氧气的。可知癌细胞设法攫取氧气并需要氧气来发育。故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据

Whyistheworkimportant?部分中的“itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation”它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西，可知RandallJohnson称这项研究是很典型的发现，是"教科书式的发现"。故可知划线单词意思为"典型的"，故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.”(《纽约时报》10月7日报道)2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家——WilliamG.KaelinJr.、PeterJ.Ratcliffe和GreggL.Semenza，以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应方面所做的

工作。）以及文章的主要内容围绕他们的发现，可知你可以在《纽约时报》的科学版上找到这篇文章。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细