【英语】阅读理解练习及解析

【英语】阅读理解练习及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解

TiredofNeckPain?Weareproudtoofferagadget-NeckMassager-thatwillrelieveyourbackandneckpaininstantly!HowdoesNeckMassagerwork?

ThereasonwhyNeckMassagerissoeffectiveisdefinitelyitsinnovative,scientific,time-testedmethodsthatitusestotargettheachingareasofyourbodyandbringyoulong-awaitedrelief.Notonlydoesthiswell-designeddevicereducepainandtension,butalsoitimprovesyourmoodandoverallhealth!Onlythe2AAAbatterieswillmakesurethatyoucanuseitwhenevertensionstrikes!

PeoplearealreadyenjoyingthebenefitsofNeckMassager:

WheneverIuseit,Iinstantlyfeelhappierandmorerelaxed,sotheeffectreallylasts.NeckMassagerisnotmysmallpleasure-it'sabigone!-SandraReames

I'mnotsogoodwithtech,soIwasnervousaboutfiguringouthowtouseit,butthisdeviceissosimpletousethatevensomeonelikemehadabsolutelynoproblem.Ihavestartedtosleepbetteraswell,andthatwasoneofthemostsurprisingbenefitsoftheNeckMassager!-PatSullivan

Howmuchisit?

Comparedtoallthemedicalexpensesandotheralternatives,NeckMassagerisdefinitelyworthatry.It'snowavailable50%OFF,whichmeansyou'reabletogetitforonly£46!

Nopills,nodoctorappointments,nowastedtime-youcannowfeelgreatinyourownhome!

IMPORTANTINFORMATION!"AsofFebruary12,2020,youcanstillgetaNeckMassagerwithDISCOUNT!"（1）WhatmakesNeckMassagersoeffective?A.Itsworkingmethods.B.Itswell-designedlook.C.The2AAAbatteries.D.Thelongworkingtime.（2）WhatdoesPatSullivanthinkofthedevice?A.Itislight.B.Itisoversized.C.Itissimpletouse.D.Itissafetooperate.（3）HowmuchwillyouhavetopayifyoubuyoneinMarch,2020?A.£23.B.£46.C.£69.D.£92.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款能够缓解背部和颈部疼痛的按摩器——NeckMassager，介绍了其工作方法、用户评价以及价格等信息。（1）考查细节理解。根据HowdoesNeckMassagerwork?部分中的“ThereasonwhyNeckMassagerissoeffectiveisdefinitelyitsinnovative,scientific,time-testedmethodsthatitusestotargettheachingareasofyourbodyandbringyoulong-awaitedrelief.”颈部按摩之所以如此有效的原因无疑是它的创新、科学、久经考验的方法，它可以针对你身体疼痛的部位，给你带来期待已久的缓解，可知，NeckMassager的工作方法让它非常有效果。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据PeoplearealreadyenjoyingthebenefitsofNeckMassager部分中的“I'mnotsogoodwithtech,soIwasnervousaboutfiguringouthowtouseit,butthisdeviceissosimpletousethatevensomeonelikemehadabsolutelynoproblem.”我对技术不是很在行，所以我对如何使用它感到很紧张，但是这个设备使用起来很简单，即使是像我这样的人也完全没有问题，可知，PatSullivan认为这个设备使用起来很简单。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据Howmuchisit?部分中的“It'snowavailable50%OFF,whichmeansyou'reabletogetitforonly£46!”现在有五折优惠，这意味着你只需花46英镑就能买到它！可知，如果你在2020年3月买一台，你要付46/50%=92英镑。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Fromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels,we'reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.

Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon'taffectmostofusdirectly，itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:chocolate.

AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,changestotheclimateintheregionsthatproducecacao-theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced-maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.

Mostoftheworld'scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator，withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.It'spredictedthatby2050,climatechangewillhaveacceleratedtherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise,makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.

Theproblemdoesn'tlieinincreasedheat,however，butinlowerhumidity(湿度)，asit'sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.

“Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss,”MichonScott,theessay'sauthor,wrote.

Tohelpfightthisproblem,researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggeneeditingtechnology,accordingtoUSNews.

Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld'sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.

“Thisisaworldissue,anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether,”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.

Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart,wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstimpactsofclimatechange.Orifwe'reunlucky,chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.（1）Whatcouldmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?A.

Theincreasedheatthere.

B.

Thehigherhumiditythere.C.

Thedecreaseinrainfallthere.

D.

Themoisturelossinthesoilthere.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”intheseventhparagraphmean?A.

holdback

B.

makeupfor

C.

protect

D.

accept（3）WhatwillUScompanyMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?A.

Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.

B.

Itwillapplygeneeditingtechnologyinplantingcacao.C.

Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.

D.

Itwilldevelopcacaothatcansurviveindryerconditions.（4）Whatmaybethebesttitleofthistext?A.

Chocolatecouldbecomehistory

B.

WorktogethertofightclimatechangeC.

Howdowegrowcacaointhefuture?

D.

Howdocacaoplantsaffectclimatechange?【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。(1)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“‘Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss,’MichonScott,theessay'sauthor,wrote.”可知未来赤道附近的可可树很难存活，是因为那里土壤中水分的流失，故选D。(2)考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“Theproblemdoesn'tlieinincreasedheat,however，butinlowerhumidity(湿度)，asit'sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.可知Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss”的意思是换句话说，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量的增长不足以抵消水量的流失，所以“offset”的意思是弥补，抵消，故选B。(3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld'sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知美国的火星巧克力公司给予财政支援，用来帮助对抗气候的变化，故选C。(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Howmuchtelevisiondoyouwatch?Didyoureallygiveanhonestanswer?Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplearen'ttotallytruthfulabouttheirtelevision-watchinghabits.

ThestudyinquestionwasconductedatBallStateUniversityintheUS.Researcherstherewantedtofindouthowmuchtelevisionpeopleviewaccordingtotheirage.ThestudywaspaidforbyacouncilassociatedwiththeNielsenCompany,whichdeterminestelevisionratings.Theconclusionswerethatpeoplespendmorethan8hoursadaylookingatascreen.Thisincludedcellphonesandcomputers，butthemajorityweretelevisionscreens.

Therearethreeinterestingthingsaboutthisstudy.Thefirstisthatpeopleareexposedtomorethanonehourofadvertisementsperday.ThesecondisthatevenwithaccesstoDVDsandinternetvideos,televisionisstillthemostpopularmediasource.Thethirdisthattheamountofscreen-watchingpeopledoisrelativelythesamefromtheagesof18-65.

So,ifeveryoneiswatchingtelevision,whylieaboutit?Well,ifsomeoneadmitstheywatchtelevisionforfiveorsixhours,theycouldbeconsideredacouchpotato.MichaelPhillips,oneofthestudy'smainresearchers,says,“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.Sometimes,however,watchingthelatestrealityshoworthefunniestsitcomgivesco-workersandfriendsfunthingstotalkabout.”

Evenifyoudowatchalotoftelevision,perhapswecanusethisstudyasareasontobehonestwithourselvesabouthowmuchtimewespendinfrontofthetelevision.Imean,afterall,everyoneelseisdoingit...（1）WhydopeoplelieabouthowmuchTVtheywatch?A.

Becausetheshowtheywatchedisnotthelatest.

B.

Becausetheymaybelaughedatbyco-workersorfriends.C.

Becausetheydon'twantotherstoknowwhattheywatched.

D.

Becausethere'ssomethingnegativeattachedtowatchingtoomuchTV.（2）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothestudy?A.

Themostpopularmediasourceistheinternet.

B.

18-year-oldswatchmoreTVthansomeoneintheir60s.C.

Peopleareexposedtooverthananhourofadvertisementaday.

D.

Researcherssaythatpeoplewatchover8eighthoursoftelevisionaweek.（3）Howcouldpeoplefeeltobeconsideredasacouchpotato?A.

comfortable

B.

ashamed

C.

excited

D.

satisfied（4）Whatideadoestheauthormainlywanttoexpresswiththearticle?A.

whattheeffectsofwatchingTVare.

B.

howmuchtelevisionweshouldwatcheveryday.C.

therearesomeinterestingfactsofwatchingTV.

D.

peoplelieabouthowmuchtelevisiontheywatch.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者分析了人们瞒报看电视的时间的原因。(1)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.”可知看太多电视，被认为不光彩，由此推知，看电视太多与消极的东西联系在一起，故选D。(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thefirstisthatpeopleareexposedtomorethanonehourofadvertisementsperday.”可知人们每天被暴露在广告下的时间超过一小时，故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.”可知看太多电视，被认为不光彩，由此推知当一个人被认为是一个成天看电视的人，他会感觉很羞耻，故选B。(4)考查主旨大意。根据全文的主题句“Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplearen'ttotallytruthfulabouttheirtelevision-watchinghabits.”可知这篇文章主要讲了人们瞒报看电视的时间，作者对其中的原因进行了分析，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解ClimbingWithoutRopes

Thepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It'smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.Whyboulder?•improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasics•placestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofind•lesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbing•intellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblemsBoulderingTermscrimp:averysmallhandholdfoothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulderjug:averylargehandholdthatiseasytouseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe“problem”thatonemustsolve.The“solution”isthesequenceofmovesonemakesupandoveraboulder.

Hereisanexampleofaclimberaddressingaboulderingproblem.

Figure1:Theclimberhastworoutesshecouldtake,onetotheleftandonetotheright.Theleftoneappearseasierbecauseithasajugwithineasyreach,butlookwhathappensifshechoosesthatdirection.Shegetsstuckontherockandhastogobackdown.Sometimesthatisevendifficultthangoingup.

Figure2:Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.usingafootholdandplacingherrighthandinacrimp,sheisabletolifeherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronlyafewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopoftheboulderandpullherselfup.（1）Accordingtothepassage,bouldering________.A.

isanindoorsport

B.

hasnosafetyprotectionC.

needsmapsandequipment

D.

isasteepcliffclimbing（2）Boulderingbecomespopularbecause________.A.

itchallengesthelimits

B.

itcostslessC.

itbuildsmindsandbodies

D.

itisateamgame（3）Accordingtotheexample,therightrouteis________.A.

ashortcut

B.

adeadend

C.

toughbuttothetop

D.

linedwithjugs【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍没有安全绳的攀岩运动。登山者的流行形象是用一根安全绳，一个人小心翼翼地爬上陡峭的悬崖，但这并不是唯一的一种。许多登山者现在都喜欢抱石。它更容易接近，也更适合环境。(1)考查细节理解。根据Whatisbouldering?部分中的“Participantsemploynosafetyropes.”可知，bouldering没有安全感。故选B。(2)考查细节理解。根据Whyboulder?部分中的“improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasicsplacestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofindlesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbingintellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems”可知，Bouldering变得受欢迎是因为它建立了精神和身体上的快乐。故选C。(3)考查细节理解。根据“Figure2：Theclimbertakestheonetotherightthistime.usingafootholdandplacingherrighthandinacrimp,sheisabletolifeherselfupandlocateotherhandholds.Afteronlyafewmoves,sheisabletothrowherlegoverthetopoftheboulderandpullherselfup.”可知，根据这个例子，右边的路线是艰难的，但能达到顶峰。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Twoheadsarebetterthanone.Itmeansthattwopeopleworkingtogetherhaveabetterchanceofsolvingaproblemthanonepersonalone.Butnoteveryonelikesworkinginagroup.

Therecanbeanumberofreasonswhypeopledislikegroupwork.Somemayfeelnervousoruneasyingroupsituations.Othersmighthavehadabadexperiencewithindividualswhodidnotworkwellasateam.Anothercommentisthatteachersorinstructorsfailtoproviderolesforgroupmembers.Thismaycreateasituationwhereeveryoneornoonewantstolead.Whatevertheissue,theresultisthesame:thegroupdoesnotrealizeitsgoal.

Cooperative(合作的)learningisaneducationalmethodthatcanhelptosolvethisproblem.Therearemanymethodsofcooperativelearning.Todaywewilltalkaboutone:givingeachpersoninasmallgroupaspecificdutytoreachasharedgoal.Forexample,iflearnersaredividedintogroupsoffourpeopleeach,theirrolesmightbe:leader,writer,checkerandspeaker.Thisstructurehelpsensurethateveryonetakespartequallyingroupworkandallowseachmembertoplayameaningfulpartincompletingthesharedgoal.

Beforedividinglearnersintogroups,itisagoodideafortheteacherorclub'sinstructortofirsthaveknowledgeaboutthelanguageskilllevelsofparticipants.Thegoalistomakeeachgroupamixtureofhigher-andlower-levellanguagelearners.Puttingtoomanypeoplewithsimilarskilllevelstogethercouldmaketheworktoodifficultoreasy.Rolecardscanbeahelpfultoolinthismethodofcooperativelearning.Theirpurposeistoremindlearnersofeachperson'srole.

Beforethecooperativeactivity,theroleoftheteacheroractivityinstructoristoexplaintwothingstothegroup:themainjobfortheactivityandhowthecooperativeroleswork.ThepersoninchargemayappointtheserolesorlettheEnglishlearnerschoosethem.Then,duringtheactivity,theinstructor'sjobistowatchthegroupsandprovidemoreguidancewhenneeded.Aftertheactivity,theinstructormaywishtoprovidefeedbacktogroupsontheirworkandtheiruseofcooperation.

Withthiscooperativelearningmethod,youcansaythatfourheadsarebetterthanjustone.（1）What'stheoutcomeifpeopledonotenjoygroupwork?A.

Theaimofthegroupcannotbeachieved.

B.

Specificroleswillbegiventogroupmembers.C.

Groupmemberswillfeelateaseingroups.

D.

Groupmemberswillfailtoworkindividually.（2）Whydoestheteacherneedtoknowaboutthosewhotakepartintheactivity?A.

Tofindoutlanguagelearnerswithsimilarlevels.

B.

Toclarifyhigher-andlower-levellanguagelearners.C.

Tocombinelearnerswithdifferentlanguagelevels.

D.

Toincreasethedifficultyinfinishingthework.（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheroleofinstructors?A.

Tooffergroupmemberstimelyhelpateachstep.

B.

Tolistentotheresponsefromgroupmembers.C.

TohelptheEnglishlearnerschoosetheirfavouriteroles.

D.

Tomakeclearaboutthetaskandworkingprinciplesoftheroles.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

TwoHeadsAreBetterthanOne.

B.

CooperationIsaMustinLearning.C.

GroupWorkMakesaGreatDifferencetoLearners'Achievement.

D.

CooperativeLearningContributestotheSuccessofGroupWork.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了合作学习有助于团队工作的成功。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Whatevertheissue,theresultisthesame:thegroupdoesnotrealizeitsgoal.”可知，如果人们不喜欢团队工作，该组织的目的不能实现。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Beforedividinglearnersintogroups,itisagoodideafortheteacherorclub'sinstructortofirsthaveknowledgeaboutthelanguageskilllevelsofparticipants.Thegoalistomakeeachgroupamixtureofhigher-andlower-levellanguagelearners.”可知，老师需要了解关于参加活动的那些人是为了把学习者与不同的语言水平结合在一起。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Beforethecooperativeactivity,theroleoftheteacheroractivityinstructoristoexplaintwothingstothegroup:themainjobfortheactivityandhowthecooperativeroleswork.”可知，指导员的作用是明确角色的任务和工作原理。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Withthiscooperativelearningmethod,youcansaythatfourheadsarebetterthanjustone.”可知，合作学习有助于团队工作的成功。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpsthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.ThatistheshareddreamofthetoymakerHasbroandscientistsatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Theresearchersreceiveda$3-million-dollarawardfromtheNationalScienceFoundationforaspecialproject.Theywanttofindwaystoaddartificialintelligence,orA.I.,toHasbro's“JoyforAll”robotic

Thecathasalreadybeenforsalefortwoyears.Thoughpricedover1000dollars,itsoldquitewell.Itwasmeanttoactasa“companion”forolderpeople.Nowtheprojectisaimedatdevelopingadditionalabilitiesforthecat.ResearchersatBrown'sHumanity-CenteredRoboticsInitiativeareworkingtodecidewhichactivitiesolderadultsmayneedthemost.Theyhopetomakethecatperformasmallnumberofactivitiesverywell.Suchactivitiesincludefindinglostobjectsandremindingthepersontotakemedicineorvisittheirdoctor.Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.

ItisanideathathasappealedtoJeanneElliott.Her93-year-oldmotherMaryDerrliveswithherinSouthKingstown.Derrhasdementia(痴呆).TheJoyforAllcatthatElliottboughtthisyearhasbecomeatruecompanionforDerr.ThecatstayswithDerrandkeepshercalmwhileElliottisatwork.Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.

Theresearchersaretryingtolearnhowtheimprovedcatswillcompletehelpfulactivitiesandhowtheywillcommunicate.Theysaythattheydonotwantatalkingcat,however.Insteadtheyaretryingtodesignacatthatcanmoveitsheadinaspecialwaytosuccessfullycommunicateitsmessage.Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopetheycanevenhelppreventfeelingsoflonelinessandsadnessamongelderlypeople.（1）What'sthepurposeoftheproject?A.

Torelievethepainoftheelderly.

B.

Topromotethesalesofamedicine.C.

Toinventaroboticcatfortheelderly.

D.

Tohelpmaketheroboticcatsmarter.（2）Comparedwiththeoldmodel,thenewroboticcatwillbe

A.

smaller

B.

cheaper

C.

moretalkative

D.

moreexpensive（3）WhatdoesParagraph3intendtotellus?A.

Thecatgivesmuchhelptotheelderly.

B.

Themorefunctionsofthecat,thebetter.C.

Thereisnocurefordementiaatpresent.

D.

MaryDerrwouldhavediedwithoutthecat.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

Atalkingcatisquitepopularamongtheelderly.

B.

Feelingsofsadnessamongtheelderlyareunavoidable.C.

Eachfamilycanaffordsuchacatinthefuture.

D.

Thefeelingofbeingneededisvitaltotheelderly.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍新型的人工智能机器猫。机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助，同时机器猫也离不开他们。被需要的感觉是至关重要的。他们甚至可以帮助防止老年人的孤独和悲伤情绪。(1)目的意图题。根据第一段第一句Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.项目的目地是帮助机器猫更聪明。故答案选D。(2)推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.可知，与旧模型相比新的机器猫更便宜。故答案选B。(3)段落大意题。根据第三段最后一句Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.可知，机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助。故答案选A。(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopetheycanevenhelppreventfeelingsoflonelinessandsadnessamongelderlypeople.可知，被需要的感觉是至关重要的。故答案选D。【点评】推论性考察题一般包括事实推断、指代推断、逻辑推断和对作者意图与观点的推断。常见的提问方式有：①Thewriterbelievesthat＿＿＿＿.②Fromthispassagewecanguess＿＿＿＿.③Thewritesuggeststhat＿＿＿＿。除了一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案外，其他诸如对条件变化、因果关系以及作者意图等较为深层的逻辑推断题，则必须要建立在对全文的理解基础上，通过文章所提供的线索，加以综合分析，才能做出正确的推断。7．阅读理解

Ittookmeamomenttorealizewhathadhappened.ThreedayshadpassedandRitaseemedtogetweakerandweaker.Therainhadstopped.However,theskywasstillcloudy,anditwassodarkthatIcouldn'tseethebuildingsevenacrosstheroad.Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.

Therewererainsandwindsstill,butnotoppressive(难以忍受的)anymore.Therewasstillnopower,hotwaterorfood.Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.

AsItravelledfurthertothewest,goingafterthestorm,thedamagealongthewaybecamelesssevere.IarrivedinHoustonafteratrickyjourneywithmyfuelsuppliesalmostallgone.However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.Hehelpedmeandwesharedourworkingexperiencethesedays.WithacompletestrokeofluckIfoundarun-downhotelthatallowedmetohavearoomovernightbeforethemidnight.Althoughtherewasnorunningwater,nopowerandnoairconditioning,Icurledupintoacornerandfellasleepquickly.

Iwokeupthenextmorning,andwhatachange!Theskywasblueandcarsweremovingaround.Sirenscouldbeheardasconvoys(护航队)ofemergencymanagementsstartedtoheadwesttowardswhereIhadcomefrom."ThestormhadstoppedandIcouldgohome.Igaveallmyremainingsuppliestootherpeopleatthehotelandheadedtowardstheairport.HoustonAirportwasnotdamaged,soItookmyflightanddrankmyfirsthotdrinkinfourdays.

Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.（1）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat“Rita”is________.A.

apet

B.

astorm

C.

afriendoftheauthor

D.

acitizeninHouston（2）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Theauthorwasastormchaser.

B.

Thestormlastedforatleastaweek.C.

Theauthordidn'tlikeHoustonatall.

D.

Houstonwasverybadlydamagedbythestorm.（3）Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterthestorm?A.

Anxious.

B.

Disappointed.

C.

Satisfied.

D.

Scared.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Waystosurviveinastorm.

B.

TheweatherchangesinHouston.C.

Theauthor'sexperienceinthestorm.

D.

DamagescausedbythestorminHouston.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作。(1)推理判断题。由第二段Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.可知，天气预报报道Rita离开了，它让许多人们失去了家园，甚至失去了生命。结合第一段中Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.可推知，"Rita”是一次风暴，选B。(2)推理判断题。由第三段However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.可推知，作者是一位风暴追逐者，选A。(3)推理判断题。由最后一段Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.可推知，在这次风暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C。(4)主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作，故选C。【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),comment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(娱乐),demonstrate(举例说明),argue(辩论),tell(讲述),analyze(分析)等。询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),friendly(友好的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),objective(客观的),matter-of-fact(实事求是的),pessimistic(悲观的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),doubtful(怀疑的),hostile(敌对的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。8．阅读理解

Since2013,Torobo,aroboticarmdesignedtotestthelimitsofartificialintelligence,hashadoneambition—tobeadmittedtotheUniversityofTokyo.However,ithasrepeatedlyfailed.Thisyearwasnoexception.

InearlyNovemberTorobotookanexamtoprepareforanall-importa