Unit6Atonewithnature（知识清单）（答案版）

Unit6Atonewithnature单词1.sheetn.（冰或水等的）一大片2.regionn.地区；区域3.thereforeadv.因此，由此4.shallowadj.浅的5.preventv.阻挡，防止6.harmonyn.融洽相处，和谐7.designv.设计8.harmv.伤害；损害9.agriculturen.农业10.replacev.以……替换，更换11.materialn.材料12.mineraln.矿物，矿产13.consumern.消费者14.priorityn.优先处理的事，当务之急15.barriern.障碍，壁垒16.structuren.结构，构造，组织17.livingadj.活的；现存的18.organismn.有机体；生物19.observatoryn.天文台，观象台20.grandadj.宏伟的，壮丽的21.narrowadj.狭窄的，不宽的22.platformn.高台，平台23.sailv.航行24.climaten.气候25.publishv.出版26.expertadj.内行的，专家的27.branchn.树枝28.rentv.租用，租借29.limitedadj.有限的30.benefitn.好处，益处31.pleasantadj.令人愉快的32.flavourn.味，味道33.energyn.力量，活力34.systemn.系统短语1.大量的plentyof2.不辞辛苦gotosomuchtrouble3.阻止某人做某事preventsb.fromdoingsth.4.与……和谐相处inharmonywith5.把……变成turnsth.intosth.6.为……提供……providesth.forsb.7.传承passdown8.是……的栖息地behometo9.覆盖在……中becoveredin10.冲走washaway11.从底部到顶部fromthebottomtotheverytop12.与……一致atonewith13.对……有疑问indoubtabout14.认真思考reflecton15.对……有积极的影响haveapositiveeffecton16.导致leadto熟词生义1.platformn.高台，平台2.thunderv.打雷3.channeln.海峡4.expertadj.内行的，专家的句型1.一般现在时的被动语态Theterracesarecleverlydesigned,withhundredsofwaterwaysthatconnectwitheachother.2.介词+关系代词Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsectsthatcanharmthericecrops.3.拟人化主语+谓语Summerseesthemountainsturnbrightgreenwithgrowingrice.4．what引导主语从句Butperhapswhatismostsignificantisthewayinwhichpeoplehaveworkedinharmonywithnaturetomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.5．although引导让步状语从句Althoughmoderntechnologycouldhelpproducemorecrops,theseterracesstillmeanalottothelocalpeopleforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvalue.6.while引导让步状语从句AndwhilemanyBritslikenothingbetterthanspendingtheirSundaycuttingthegrass,somearehappyjusttositunderthebranchesofthetreesandenjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundthem.语法介词+关系代词一、词汇清单知识点1preventv.阻挡，防止【教材原句】Theflatterracescatchtherainwaterandpreventthesoilfrombeingwashedaway.水平梯田可以截留雨水，还能防止土壤被冲走。（教材p83）【拓展】preventionn.预防；防止；阻止preventableadj.可以预防的；可以防止的preventiveadj.预防的；防病的prevent…(from)doingsth阻止……做某事，相当于stop…（from）doingsth或keep……fromdoingsth。【写作佳句】Weshouldtakeimmediateactiontopreventtheriverfrombeingfurtherpolluted.（我们应该立即采取行动，防止这条河受到进一步污染。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Regularexercisecanhelppreventus_______________(get)sick.（答案：getting）②Thegovernmenthasmadelawsforthe_______________(prevent)ofairpollution.（答案：prevention）知识点2designv.设计；n.设计；计划【教材原句】Theterracesarecleverlydesigned,withhundredsofwaterwaysthatconnectwitheachother.这些梯田设计巧妙，拥有数百条相互连接的水道。（教材p84）【拓展】n.设计；计划designern.设计者bydesign故意地havedesignsagainst对…...有不良企图design...for...for...为…...设计......designsbfor... 打算让…...从事…...(职业)bedesignedfor...为......而设计bedesignedtodo意欲做......；目的是......makedesignsfor...为......设计某物havedesignsonsth企图把……据为己有【写作佳句】Thisnewlibraryisdesignedtomeetthereadingneedsofallstudentsinourschool.（这座新图书馆是为满足我校所有学生的阅读需求而设计的。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Thenewbuilding_______________(design)byafamousarchitectwillbepletednextyear.（答案：designed）②Parentsusuallydesigntheirchildren_______________(be)responsibleandkindpeople.（答案：tobe）知识点3harmv.伤害，损害【教材原句】Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsectsthatcanharmthericecrops.这些梯田还为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的生存环境，其中一些鸟类和鱼类以可能危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。（教材p84）【拓展】harmn.伤害；损害；危害harmlessadj.无害的harmfuladj.有害的inharm'sway处于危险中；置身险境outofharm'sway脱离危险的；安全的beharmfultosb/sth对某人/某物造成伤害，相当于doharmtosb/sth或dosb/sthharmdomoreharmthangood弊大于利Thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事不会有坏处，相当于donoharmtodosth，【写作佳句】Stayinguplateforalongtimeharmsbothourphysicalandmentalhealth.（长期熬夜对我们的身心健康都有害。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Smokingdoesgreatharm_______________yourlungs,soyou'dbettergiveitup.（答案：to）②Itissaidthatthechemicalinthisproductis_______________(harm),soit'ssafetouse.（答案：harmless）知识点4replacev.以……替换，更换【教材原句】Insentence(a),canwereplace”inwhich“with”where“withoutchangingthemeaning?在句子（a）中，我们可以将“inwhich”替换为“where”而不改变句意吗？（教材p86）【拓展】replacementn.替换；复位；代替者replaceableadj.可替换的；可代替的固定搭配：replaceAwithB用B替换Areplacesbas取代某人而作为……replaceby取代；以……代替【写作佳句】Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,onlinemunicationhasgraduallyreplacedtraditionalletterwritinginmanyaspects.（随着科技的发展，在线交流在很多方面已逐渐取代了传统的书信写作。）【经典练】补全句子①Teachers'rolecannotbereplaced_______________anyintelligentequipmentintheclassroom.（答案：by）②Youcanreplacesugar_______________honeytomakethedrinkhealthier.（答案：with）知识点5livingadj.活的，活着的；n.生计；生活【教材原句】LocatedoffthecoastofAustralia,theGreatBarrierReefisthebiggeststructuremadebylivingorganisms.大堡礁位于澳大利亚海岸附近，是由活的有机体构成的最大结构。（教材p87）【拓展】livelyadj.充满活力的；活跃的固定搭配：belivingproofofsth/that…（用行动或品格）证明…属实；活证明makealiving/makeone’sliving/earnaliving/earnone'sliving谋生，赚钱过活makealiving(by)doingsth通过做某事来维持生计【写作佳句】Alllivingthingsneedwaterandsunlighttosurvive.（所有生物都需要水和阳光才能生存。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Theoldmanis_______________(live)proofthathardworkbringshappiness.（答案：living）②Sheisa_______________(live)girlwhoalwaysbringsjoytoeveryonearoundher.（答案：lively）知识点6narrowadj.狭窄的，不宽的；v.（使）变窄【教材原句】TouristscanstandonanarrowglassplatformcalledtheSkywalktoseetheGrandCanyon.游客可以站在一个名为“空中步道”的狭窄玻璃平台上观赏大峡谷。（教材p87）【拓展】narrowlyadv.勉强地；狭隘地固定搭配：narrow...down...缩小……的范围inanarrowsense在狭义上anarrowescape九死一生，幸免于难narrowthegap缩小差距【写作佳句】Thenarrowroadtothevillageistoosmallfortwocarstopasseachother.（通往村庄的狭窄道路太窄，两辆车无法并排通行。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Hehada_______________(narrow)escapewhenhiscaralmostfelloffthecliff.（答案：narrow）②Thegovernmentistrying_______________(narrow)thegapbetweentherichandthepoor.（答案：tonarrow）知识点7desertn.沙漠，荒漠【教材原句】Wearealsogoingtoridecamels,“theshipsofthedesert”.我们还打算骑骆驼——“沙漠之舟”。（教材p88）【拓展】n.冷清的地方；无趣的地方；v.遗弃；离弃；放弃；擅离职守desertedadj.荒芜的；被遗弃的desertern.逃兵；背弃者desertificationn.沙漠化，荒漠化固定搭配：receiveone'sjustdeserts受到应有的惩罚【写作佳句】Youmusttakeenoughwaterandfoodifyouwanttocampinthedesert.（如果你想在沙漠里露营，一定要带足够的水和食物。）【经典练】单句语法填空/补全句子①Thevillagewas_______________(desert)afteralltheyoungpeoplemovedtothecity.（答案：deserted）②Thosewhobreakthelawwilleventuallyreceivetheirjust_______________(desert).（答案：deserts）知识点8insideadv.在（建筑物、房间等）内；n.里面；内部；adj.内部的；里面的【教材原句】Igloosarequitewarminside....冰屋内部相当暖和……（教材p89）【拓展】insidern.知情人；局内人固定搭配：insideout里面朝外knowsb/sthinsideout对……了如指掌turnsthinsideout使某物里面朝外；把某处翻了个底朝天insideofsth在（某段时间）之内；少于；不到fromtheinsideofsth从…内部fromtheoutsidetotheinside由表及里【写作佳句】Mymotherknowshowtocookthisdishinsideout,soitalwaystastesperfect.（我妈妈对这道菜的做法了如指掌，所以它总是味道绝佳。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Heturnedhispocket_______________(inside)outtoshowthathehadnomoneyleft.（答案：inside）②Youneedtofinishthistaskinside_______________twohours,orwewillmissthedeadline.（答案：of）知识点9expertadj.内行的，专家的；n.专家，能手【教材原句】Expertgardenersknowjusttherightcornerforroses,andothersspendhourstryingtogrowperfectvegetablestoenterintopetitions.专业的园丁知道哪个角落最适合种玫瑰，而另一些人则花好几个小时努力种植完美的蔬菜，以便参加比赛。（教材p91）【拓展】expertlyadv.熟练地；巧妙地expertnessn.熟练；专长；专业性固定搭配：anexpertat/on/in在……方面的专家/行家beexpertat/in/ondoingsth做某事是专家/行家expertatdrivingacar擅长驾车【写作佳句】Anexpertinenvironmentalprotectionwillgiveusalectureonhowtosavewaternextweek.（一位环境保护方面的专家下周将给我们做关于如何节约用水的讲座。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Sheis_______________expertintraditionalChinesemedicineandhashelpedmanypatients.（答案：an）②Heisexpertat_______________(play)thepianoandhaswonmanypetitions.（答案：playing）知识点10branchn.树枝；分部；分支；v.分支；分岔【教材原句】AndwhilemanyBritslikenothingbetterthanspendingtheirSundaycuttingthegrass,somearehappyjusttositunderthebranchesofthetreesandenjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundthem.虽然很多英国人最喜欢在周日修剪草坪，但有些人却乐于坐在树枝下，欣赏周围世界的美景。（教材p92）【拓展】branchyadj.枝繁的；多枝的branchlessadj.无（缺）枝的，不分枝的branchedadj.分枝的branchingn.分叉（物）固定搭配：branchout(intodoingsth)扩大（工作，活动）范围，开辟新的领域branchoff分岔，偏离branchover伸展到……顶上【写作佳句】Asmallbirdissittingonathinbranchoftheappletreeinouryard.（一只小鸟正落在我家院子里那棵苹果树的细树枝上。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Asmallpathbranches_______________fromthemainroadandleadstotheoldtemple.（答案：off）②Thetree'sbranches_______________thegarden,providingcoolshadeinsummer.（答案：over）知识点11limitedadj.有限的【教材原句】Butincities,limitedspacehasledtopeoplelookingfornewsolutions.但在城市里，有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。（教材p92）【拓展】limitn./v.限制limitingadj.限定的；限制（性）的；有限制力的limitationn.限制，制约limitlessadj.无限的固定搭配：limitedability能力有限setalimiton/to限制，控制within/withoutlimits在合理限度内/无限制地limitto(把……)限制在……，局限于……【写作佳句】Wehavelimitedtimetopreparefortheexam,sowemustmakeareasonablestudyplan.（我们准备考试的时间有限，所以必须制定合理的学习计划。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Thegovernmenthassetalimit_______________thenumberofcarsallowedinthecitycenter.（答案：on/to）②Hisknowledgeofhistoryis_______________(limit),soheoftenreadshistorybooksinhisfreetime.（答案：limited）知识点12benefitn.好处，益处；v.受益，得益；有益于【教材原句】Herbalteahasvarioushealthbenefits.花草茶对健康有多种益处。（教材p94）【拓展】beneficialadj.有利的；有帮助的；有用的beneficiaryn.受益者；受惠人；遗产继承人；（遗嘱的）受益人beneficiallyadv.受益地；获利地；有使用权地固定搭配： benefitby/from通过……获益；从……中获益；得益于benefitthrough从……中获益forthebenefitofsb=forone’sbenefit为了某人的利益/好处bebeneficialto=beofbenefitto对……有益toone’sbenefit对某人有利givesbthebenefitofthedoubt因证据不足而承认无罪【写作佳句】Studentscangetalotofbenefitsfromreadingclassicbooks,whichcanimprovetheirreadingabilityandbroadentheirhorizons.（学生可以从阅读经典书籍中获益良多，这能提高他们的阅读能力并拓宽视野。）【经典练】单句语法填空①Regularphysicalexerciseisbeneficial_______________ouroverallhealth.（答案：to）②Shehasbenefited_______________theadvicegivenbyherEnglishteacher.（答案：from）二、语法清单介词+关系代词【感知·语法规律】观察加粗部分，有什么共同特点？1.ThecityinwhichIwasbornisverybeautiful.2.Thedayonwhichwemetwillneverbeforgotten.3.Thepenwithwhichhewrotetheletterislost.4.Thereasonforwhichhewaslateisnotclear.5.Thebookaboutwhichwearetalkingisveryinteresting.6.ThemomentatwhichIfirstsawherisstillinmymind.7.Thegoalforwhichheworkshardwilletruesoon.【精讲·语法知识】一、概念“介词+关系代词”是定语从句的一种高级结构——用“介词+特定关系代词”连接先行词和从句，相当于把从句里的“介词短语”提前，让句子更简洁紧凑。例：原句“Ilivedinthishouselastyear.”和“Thisisthehouse.”合并为：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.（“inwhich”替代“inthishouse”，连接先行词“thehouse”和从句）二、基本结构介词+关系代词（which/whom）+定语从句（修饰先行词）注：关系代词不可用that或who。三、关系代词的选择which：先行词为物时使用。Eg.Thisisthebookaboutwhichwetalked.（先行词“book”是物，talkabout是固定搭配）whom：先行词为人时使用。Eg.ThegirlwithwhomIwalkedisLucy.（先行词“girl”是人，walkwith是固定搭配）四、介词的确定依据1.依据“定语从句中的动词”（固定搭配）从句里的动词常和特定介词构成“固定短语”，介词必须和动词匹配。如：dependon（依靠）、talkabout（谈论）、listento（听）、relyon（依赖）、lookfor（寻找）Eg：Theteacheronwhomwedependisverykind.（dependon是固定搭配，介词on提前）Thisisthesongtowhichwelistenedyesterday.（listento是固定搭配，介词to提前）2.依据“先行词”（固定搭配）有些名词（先行词）常和特定介词搭配，构成“名词+介词”的固定结构。eg：thekeyto（……的钥匙/答案）、thewayof（……的方法）、theanswerto（……的答案）、thereasonfor（……的原因）Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate.（先行词“reason”常和for搭配，thereasonfor）3.依据“定语从句的意思”（语境判断）若没有固定搭配，就看从句想表达的“时间、地点、方式”等含义，选择对应介词。如：表示“在……方面”用in：ThisisthesubjectinwhichIaminterested.（我感兴趣的学科，“在……方面”用in）表示“关于”用about：ShetoldmeastoryaboutwhichIknewnothing.（我一无所知的故事，“关于”用about）表示“用……工具”用with：Theknifewithwhichhecuttheappleissharp.（他切苹果的刀，“用……工具”用with）五、注意事项介词可置于句末，此时关系代词可用that（指物）或who/whom（指人），也可省略：Thisisthehouse(that/which)Ilivedinlastyear.某些固定动词短语中的介词不可提前，如lookafter,takecareof等：Thisisthebaby(whom)sheislookingafter.（不可说Thisisthebabyafterwhomsheislooking.）【经典练】一、单项选择1．Theman______youshookhandsjustnowisourmanager.A．withwhom B．withwho C．whom D．that【答案】A2．Look!Thatisthetrain______wearegoingtoBeijing.A．how B．bywhich C．which D．withwhich【答案】B3．Iwillremembertheday________IjoinedtheParty.A．atwhich B．onwhich C．inwhich D．onwhom【答案】B4．Thepany________sheappliedlastmonthhasnotrespondedyet.A．where B．which C．inwhich D．towhich【答案】D5．Theriver______wefishedisfullofdifferentkindsoffishandanimals.A．inwhich B．alongwhich C．which D．that【答案】A6．Thisisthemunity________ourcontributionscantrulymakeadifference.A．towhere B．towhich C．which D．inwhich【答案】B7．Chinaattractssomanyforeignvisitorsbecauseofthelovelypandas________Chinaishome.A．inwhich B．forwhom C．ofwhom D．towhich【答案】D8．WrittenChinesehasbeeavitalmeans_________thepresentisconnectedwiththepast.A．inwhich B．withwhich C．bywhich D．ofwhich【答案】C9．Thisisthebook_________Ilearnedalotofusefulknowledgeaboutenvironmentalprotection.A．ofwhich B．fromwhich C．that D．when【答案】B10．Manyoldpeoplereallyenjoythespeed________theirmessagesgetsentandansweredafterlearninghowtouseWeChat.A．that B．where C．atwhich D．inwhich【答案】C二、单句语法填空11．Thetoolwithhefixedthebikeisveryuseful.【答案】which12．ThestudentIworkedontheprojectwonfirstprize.【答案】withwhom13．Theoldmanweofferedhelpthankedusrepeatedly.【答案】towhom14．Weshouldrespectthewaydifferentculturescelebratefestivals.【答案】that/inwhich15．Doyouknowthereasonforshewaslateforthemeetingthismorning?【答案】which16．ThepenIwritemydiaryeverydaywasagiftfrommyfriend.【答案】withwhich17．Thefactoryhismotherworksisinthesouthofthecity.【答案】inwhich18．Isthisthebikeyoupaidahighprice?【答案】forwhich19．I’llneverforgetthedayImetyou.【答案】onwhich20．ThepersonIsentanemailismyformerteacher.【答案】towhom三、完成句子（利用定语从句）21．他工作的工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。Thefactoryisthelargestoneinthiscity.【答案】inwhichheworks22．这是我花了50元买的那本书。Thisisthebook.【答案】forwhichIpaid50yuan23．好朋友就是你能与之分享快乐和悲伤的人。Agoodfriendissomeone.【答案】withwhomyoucanshareyoursorrow/sadnessandhappiness/joy24．Thegentlemanisafriendofmyfather.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士是我爸爸的一个朋友。【答案】aboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterday25．Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks.许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。【答案】where/inwhichanimalsandplantscanbeprotected三、写作清单【点拨·写作技巧】概要写作的核心是在准确理解原文的基础上，用简洁、连贯的语言提炼核心信息，既要保留原文的关键内容，又要避免冗余和细节堆砌。需要注意以下几点：1.精准把握文章结构，锁定核心框架首先通读全文，梳理文章的“总—分—总”、“问题—解决方案”、“现象—原因—影响”等结构。通常文章的主题句（TopicSentence）会出现在首段或末段，每段的核心观点也多位于段首或段尾。例如，议论文中作者的观点、说明文里的说明对象及特征、记叙文的时间、地点、人物和主要事件，都是需要优先提取的核心框架信息，避免陷入对例子、数据等细节的过度关注。2.筛选关键信息，剔除冗余内容概要不是原文的简单缩写，而是对“必要信息”的重组。筛选时需注意：保留原文的中心论点、主要事件、核心数据（如百分比、时间节点）和重要结论；删除具体例子（如forexample后的内容）、细节描述（如外貌、环境的细致刻画）、重复表述（如多次强调同一观点的句子）以及个人情感化表达（如作者的感叹、反问）。例如，原文中“Lastyear,over80%ofstudentsinourschoolchosetotakepartinthevolunteeractivity,suchashelpingtheelderlycrosstheroadandcleaningthemunitypark.”在概要中可简化为“Lastyear,over80%oftheschool’sstudentsparticipatedinvolunteeractivities.”3.优化语言表达，确保简洁连贯使用简洁的句式和基础词汇，避免复杂的从句和生僻词（符合高一英语水平）；同时注意句子间的逻辑衔接，恰当使用连接词（如however,therefore,inaddition），使概要逻辑清晰、过渡自然。此外，要避免直接摘抄原文句子，需用自己的语言对核心信息进行同义改写（如将“makeadecision”改为“decide”，“playanimportantrolein”改为“beimportantfor”）。【示例·分步写作】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Herbalmedicine(草药),whichhasbeenusedformedicinalpurposes,istheuseofplantstotreatdiseases.Manyherbalistsusetheentireplant,fromtheflowers,stems,leaves,androots,intheformofeverythingfromteastopills.Theseplantscontainnatural,chemicalthingsthatcantreatthebodyforavarietyofdiseases—suchasallergies,asthma,rheumatoidarthritis,migraine,chronicfatigue,andcancer,amongothers.Nowadaysanincreasingnumberofpeopleprefertoadopttheseplantstotreattheirdiseasesbecauseparedwithchemicalmedicine,herbalmedicinehasitsownadvantages.Herbalmedicineandremedies(治疗)aremoreeffectivethanchemicalmedicineforcertaindiseases.Thechemicalmedicinegivenbyachemistcouldhavecertainnegativesideeffects.However,manyoftheherbalmedicineandremediesdonothavenegativesideeffects.Ifany,theyaresofterthanchemicalmedicine.Obesityisthecauseofmanyofthehealthproblems.Herbalmedicinecanhelpweightlossmoreeffectivelyandimproveoverallhealth.However,thecureusingherbalmedicineandsupplements(营养品)wouldtakesometime,andthereforepeoplearesupposedtopossessenoughpatience.Worsestill,herbalmedicinecontainsavarietyofingredients(成分)andpeoplehavetobesurethattheirbodyagreeswiththeingredientsandthatitisnotallergic(过敏的).Whenusedcorrectlyanddirectedbydoctors,herbscanhelptreatavarietyofdiseases.Butkeepinmindthattheherbalmedicineindustryisnotregulated,soherbalproductsareoftenmisleadingandmaycontainadditives(添加剂)andthatarenotlistedonthelabel(标签).Someherbsmaycauseallergicreactionsorinteractwithotherdrugs,andsomearepoisonousifusedimproperlyorathighdoses(剂量).Takingherbsonyourownincreasesyourrisk.