医学院校硕士研究生英语视听说 （第四版）课件汇 unit 1-6

医学院校研究生英语

视听说(第四版）EnglishforGraduateStudentsinMedicalUniversitiesUnit1SectionAFamousUniversitiesintheWorldOutlineBrainstormingMonologuePassageCultureLinkBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinAsiaUniversityofTokyopolitics,law,medicine,engineeringKyotoUniversitypolitics,law,economics,science,medicine,pharmaceuticalsciences,engineering,agriculture,energyscienceOsakaUniversitylawandpolitics,economics,science,medicine,dentistry,

pharmaceuticalsciences,engineeringBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinAsiaSeoulNationalUniversityagriculture,lifescience,businessadministration,education,engineering,arts,humanities,medicine,veterinarymedicineNationalUniversityofSingaporeengineering,computerscience,naturalsciences,medicineTheUniversityofHongKongmedicine,chemistry,architecture,law,arts,vegetable&animalscienceBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinAsiaTheChineseUniversityofHongKonghumanities,businessadministration,education,engineering,medicine,socialscience,law,naturalsciencesTheHongKongUniversityofScience

andTechnologyscience,engineering,business,humanities,socialsciencesPekingUniversityhumanities,naturalsciences,business,medicine,mathematics,publicadministration,economics,law,westernlanguage&literature,lifescience,computerscienceBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinAsiaTsinghuaUniversitynaturalsciences,engineering,architecture,mechanicalengineering,computerscience,humanities,economics,businessadministration,law,medicine,artsBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinNorthAmericaHarvardUniversitylaw,naturalsciences,engineering&appliedsciences,politicaleconomy,medicine,humanities,computerscience,socialsciences,theology,education,businessadministrationStanfordUniversitybusinessadministration,earthscience,education,engineering,humanities&science,law,medicine,politics,artsBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinNorthAmericaUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleynaturalsciences,humanities,education,businessadministration,economics,computerscience,communicationsMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)

architecture&planning，engineering,humanities,arts&socialsciences,management,science,healthsciences&technologyBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinNorthAmericaPrincetonUniversityhumanities，naturalsciences，architecture,engineering,finance,socialsciencesColumbiaUniversitymedicine,science,arts,humanitiesBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinNorthAmericaUniversityofChicagolaw,accounting,finance,businessadministration,economics,biology,politics,language&literature，medicine,socialsciencesYaleUniversityhumanities,arts,history,music,law,medicine,architecture,theology,managementBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinNorthAmericaCornellUniversityhoteladministration，agricultureandlifesciences,humanecology,computerscienceUniversityofPennsylvaniafinance,accounting,marketing,humanities,businessadministration,engineering,medicine,veterinarymedicine,law,nursingBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinEuropeUniversityofCambridgescience,engineering,economics,politicsUniversityofOxfordhumanities,mathematical,physical&lifesciences,socialsciencesBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinEuropeUniversityUtrecht,Netherlandstheology,law,medicine,mathematical&computerscience,physics,chemistry,pharmaceuticalsciences,veterinarymedicine,humanitiesUniversityParis06,Francehumanities,science,medicine,law,economics,arts,computerscience,lifesciences,electronics,physics,chemistryBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinEuropeTechnicalUniversityofMunichnaturalscience,engineering,computerscience,architecture&planning,architecture,mechanicalengineeringKarolinskaInstituteofStockholmlifesciences,medicine,surgery,biochemistry,pharmaceuticalsciencesBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinEuropeUniversityofEdinburghelectronicengineering,computerscience,architecture&planning,finance&accounting,veterinarymedicine,physics,chemistry,lawUniversityParis11,Francescience,engineering,economics,lifesciences,medicine,law,arts,publichealth,computerscience,businessadministrationBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinEuropeUniversityofMunichenterpriseeconomics,medicine,law,socialsciences,physics,chemistry,forestry,veterinarymedicineUniversityofZurich,Switzerlandtheology,law,medicine,economics,veterinarymedicine,philosophy,mathematics&naturalscienceBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinOceaniaUniversityofMelbournearchitecture,literature,education,engineering,law,medicine,music,science,veterinarymedicineTheUniversityofSydneyaccounting,veterinarymedicine,agriculturalscience,aviationengineering,arts&humanities,architecture,educationBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinOceaniaTheUniversityofQueenslandbiology,computerscience,foodscience,commerceTheUniversityofNewSouthWaleslaw,medicine,commerce,artsBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinOceaniaTheUniversityofAdelaideinformationtechnologyandcommunications,environmentalscienceandmanagement,physics,chemistry,geography,geology,commerce,internationaleconomics,populationgeographyQueenslandUniversityofTechnologycityarchitecture&planning,scienceandtechnology,commerceBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinOceaniaUniversityofOtagonaturalsciences,commerce,arts,medicineMasseyUniversitycommerce,education,naturalsciences,humanities,socialsciences,internationaleconomics,aviation,informationtechnologyandcommunications,agriculturalscience,veterinarymedicineBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinOceaniaUniversityofAucklandarchitecture,education,engineering,finance,accounting,music,economicsandlaw,internationalcommerce,marketingVictoriaUniversityofWellingtonarchitecture&planning,businessadministration,economics,computerscience,law,accountingandfinanceBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinotherareasUniversityofCapeTowncommerce,engineering,healthsciences,humanities,lawCairoUniversitymedicine,literature,law,commerce,engineering,agricultureBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinotherareasUniversityofPretorialaw,politics,businessadministrationUniversityoftheWesternCapelaw,politics,economics,commerceBrainstorming

FamousuniversitiesinotherareasUniversityofSouthAfricalaw,politics,economics,literatureAlexandriaUniversitymedicine,arts,literature,law,commerceMonologue1.D2.D3.A4.C5.BPassagePassage1I.4-8-1-7-2-9-5-3-6-10II.1.10,000;3,5002.details;involved3.subjectrequirements;qualifications4.processesallapplications5.achieve;confirmedPassagePassage21.1853  2.distinctive3.academic4.freedom,honesty,opennessandrigor5.research6.tostrengthenitscoreintellectualdisciplines7.teaching8.toattractthebrighteststudentPassagePassage2

9.public-spirited10.declaresitsintention11.servepublicends12.basedonevidenceandreason13.internationallyengaged14.undertakestoworkwith15.tomeetglobalchallengesPassagePassage31.F2.T3.T4.T5.F6.F7.T8.F9.T10.TCulturalLink1.IvyLeague常春藤联盟大学AnassociationofeightuniversitiesandcollegesinthenortheastUnitedStates,comprisingBrown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,Harvard,Princeton,theUniversityofPennsylvania,andYale.CulturalLink2.Harvard-YaleRegattaTheHarvard-YaleBoatRaceorHarvard-YaleRegattaisanannualrowingracebetweenYaleandHarvarduniversities.Firstcontestedin1852,annuallysince1859exceptduringmajorwarsfoughtbytheUnitedStates,theRaceisAmerica’soldestcollegiateathleticcompetition,predatingtheGameby23years.OriginallyrowedonLakeWinnipesaukee,NewHampshire,ithassincemovedtotheThamesRiver,NewLondon,Connecticut.CulturalLink3.TheNobelPrizeTheNobelPrizewasestablishedinaccordancewiththewillofAlfredNobel—inventorofdynamiteandholderofmorethan350patents.Awardedannuallysince1901,theNobelPrizeisthefirstannualinternationalawardtorecognizeachievementsinPhysics,Medicine,Chemistry,PeaceandLiterature.CulturalLink3.TheNobelPrizeNobelprizeshavebeenawardedtomembersofCambridgeUniversityforsignificantadvancesasdiverseasthediscoveryofthestructureofDNA,thedevelopmentofanationalincomeaccountingsystem,themasteryofanepicandnarrativepsychologicalartandthediscoveryofpenicillin.CulturalLink4.UniversityofCambridgeandNobelPrizeWinnersTheUniversityofCambridgehasmoreNobelPrizewinnersthananyotherinstitution.•81affiliatesoftheUniversityofCambridgehavewontheNobelPrizesince1904.•Affiliateshavewonineverycategory,with29NobelprizesinPhysics,22inMedicine,19inChemistry,7inEconomics,2inLiteratureand2inPeace.Unit1SectionBTraditionalChineseMedicineOutlineBackgroundInformation

WatchingandDoingWatchingandDoingBackgroundinformationofTraditionalChinesemedicineTraditionalChinesemedicineisacatch-alltermforavarietyofmedicaltreatmentsandpracticesthathavedevelopedinChinaoverhundredsandsometimesthousandsofyears.TCMpractitionerstakeaholisticapproachtohealth.Insteadoftreatingspecificsymptomsofadiseaseinisolation,theylookatthebodyasawholeandworktoidentifytheunderlyingcausesofthedisease.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutTraditionalChineseMedicineDiagnosisTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)diagnosisisacomplexprocessthatconsidersaperson’sphysical,mental,andemotionalstatetoidentifypatternsofdisharmonywithinthebody.TCMpractitionersusefourmaindiagnosticmethods:observation,listeningandsmelling,questioning,andpalpation.Observationinvolvesexaminingphysicalcharacteristicssuchasthetongue,complexion,andbodymovements.Listeningandsmellinginvolvepayingattentiontoapatient’svoice,breathing,andanyodors.Questioningdelvesintothepatient’smedicalhistory,lifestyle,andsymptoms.PalpationincludesfeelingthepulseandareasofthebodytoassessthequalityofQianddetectanyareasoftendernessorimbalance.Throughthesemethods,TCMpractitionersaimtounderstandtheunderlyingcausesofillnessandtailortreatmentplanstorestorebalanceandpromotehealth.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutAcupunctureandMoxibustionofTraditionalChineseMedicineAcupunctureandmoxibustionaretwoessentialmodalitieswithinTraditionalChineseMedicineusedtopromotehealthandtreatvariousailments.Acupunctureinvolvestheinsertionofthinneedlesintospecificpointsonthebody,knownasacupuncturepointsoracupoints,tostimulatetheflowofQialongmeridiansorpathways.ByregulatingtheflowofQi,acupunctureaimstorestorebalanceandharmonywithinthebody,therebyalleviatingpain,reducinginflammation,andimprovingoverallwell-being.Moxibustion,ontheotherhand,involvestheburningofdriedmugwort(moxa)onornearacupointstowarmandinvigoratetheQi,promotingcirculationanddispellingcoldordampness.BothacupunctureandmoxibustionaredeeplyrootedinancientChinesemedicaltheoryandcontinuetobewidelypracticedtoday,bothinChinaandaroundtheworld,aseffectivemethodsformanagingawiderangeofhealthconditions.。WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutSunSimiao:KingofMedicineSunSimiao(581–682)wasagreatmedicalscientistofChinaintheTangDynasty(618–907).HisnativeplacewasJingzhaoHuayuan(nowSunjiayuaninHuiCounty,ShaanxiProvince).SunSimiao’sviewpointonmedicalethicswasveryimportantinthehistoryofChinesemedicine.InhisQianjinYaofang(EssentialPrescriptionsWorthaThousandPiecesofGold),heputforwardthenotionof“goodfaithofagreatdoctor”forthefirsttime,offeringanall-roundargumentationontheguidingrulesofmedicalethicsadoctormustholdto.“Humanlifeisofparamountimportance,morepreciousthanathousandpiecesofgold;tosaveitwithoneprescriptionistoshowyourgreatvirtue.”HisbookwasnamedasQianjinYaofang(EssentialPrescriptionsWorthaThousandPiecesofGold),whichwasjustamanifestationofsuchanoblemoralcharacter.WatchingandDoingBackgroundInformationaboutShanghanLunPrefacebyZhangZhongjingTheShanghanLun(《伤寒论》),translatedastheTreatiseonColdDamage,isaclassicalChinesemedicalbookauthoredbyZhangZhongjing(张仲景)duringtheEasternHanDynasty(25–220CE).ThisfoundationalworkisoneofthemostesteemedandenduringtextsinthefieldofTraditionalChineseMedicine.TheShanghanLunprimarilyfocusesonthediagnosisandtreatmentofdiseasescausedbyexternalfactors,particularlycold-inducedillnesses.ZhangZhongjing’sobservationsandclinicalexperiencesaredistilledintoasystematicframeworkthatoutlinesvariouspatternsofdiseaseprogressionandtheircorrespondingherbalprescriptions.WatchingandDoingI.Exercise11.E2.A3.D4.B5.CExercise2diagnostic2.coating,scalloping3.intake4.radialartery5.palpationExercise31.complexion2.way3.smells4.diagnostic5.criteria6.correlates7.diverseVideoⅡAcWatchingandDoingII.Exercise11.True.2.False.Theburningofmoxatowarmthesurfacepartsofthebodyaimstorelievepain,treatillness,orpromotehealth.3.False.Adisturbanceintheyin-yangbalanceinsidethebodymaycontributetodiseases.4.True.5.TrueWatchingandDoingII.Exercise21.regulate,maintain2.interior3.microcosm,channels4.individual’s,dredge5.pathogenicWatchingandDoingII.Exercise31.Open.2.Thematerialsusedforacupunctureneedleshaveevolvedfromspecialstonesandmetalslikebronze,iron,gold,andsilvertomostlystainlesssteeltoday.Thisevolutionisimportantasitreflectsaprogressiontowardsmaterialsthataresafer,morehygienic,andmoreeffectiveatconductingthepracticeofacupuncture,whichhaslikelycontributedtoitsincreasedacceptanceinmodernhealthcare.3.Acupuncture’sprincipleoftreatingareasoppositetothesiteofdiscomfort(e.g.,lefttoothachetreatedontherighthand)challengestheconventionalwesternmedicalpracticesthattypicallyfocusonthedirectareaofpainorillness.Thiscontrastraisesquestionsabouttheunderlyingmechanismsofhealingandsuggeststhatthebodymaybemoreinterconnectedthanwesternmedicinetraditionallyconsiders,openingadialogueforintegratingalternativeapproachesintomainstreamcare.WatchingandDoingIII.Exercise12,3,5,8,9Exercise21.practitioners,compassion2.acupuncture3.Prescriptions4.ethical,prioritize5.humanityExercise31.A2.A3.D4.B5.CWatchingandDoingIV.Exercise14-1-5-2-3Exercise21.True.2.True.3.False.Whatispuzzlingisthatthelearnedmenoverlookthestudyofmedicineandlackproficiencyinhealingarts,whichcouldbenefitthemselvesandsociety.4.False.ZhangZhongjingcriticizesthosewhoprioritizematerialwealthoverhealth.5.True.WatchingandDoingIV.Exercise31.poetically2.proficiently,remedial3.embellishing,impoverish4.non-essentials5.lifelong,distributeThankyou医学院校研究生英语

视听说(第四版）EnglishforGraduateStudentsinMedicalUniversitiesUnit2SectionATravelingandPublicTransportationOutlineBrainstormingMonologueConversation

PassageSpeechCultureLinkBrainstorming

1.inventedandbuilttheworld’sfirstsuccessfulairplane2.inventedanddevelopedtheearliestmodernbicycle3.inventedthemodernautomobile4.builtthefirstrecordedsteam-poweredpassengership5.inventedthefirststeamlocomotiveengineforrailwaysA.JamesWatt,WilliamMurdoch,Richard

Trevithick,GeorgeStephensonB.PierreandErnestMichaux,Kirkpatrick

MacMillan,ComteMededeSivrac,

BaronKarlvonDraisdeSauerbrun,PierreLallementC.JohnFitch,RobertFultonD.HenryFord,GottliebDaimler,WilhelmMaybachandKarlBenzE.OrvilleandWilburWrightAListofMeansofTransportandItsInventorsBrainstorming

1.E2.B3.D4.C5.AMonologueI.1.False.Themanwhoattemptedtoreachspacein1390usinggunpowderrocketswasnotsuccessfulinhisendeavor;hediedintheattempt.2.True.Thepaceandlongmarchlauncheshasacceleratedoverthelasthalfacentury.3.True4.True5.False.TheLongMarch-7isnotprimarilyusedtoferryastronautsforChina’sspacestationmissions;itisamedium-liftlaunchvehicleusedtodeliversupplies.MonologueII.1.LongMarch-12.astronauts3.flight4.engineering5.probeMonologueIII.Suggestedanswers1.China’sspaceprogramhasevolvedsignificantlyoverthecenturies,progressingfromearlyattemptsatspaceexplorationtobecomingamajorplayerintheglobalspacecommunity.Historically,duringtheMingDynastyinthe14thcentury,therewereearlyaspirationsforspaceexploration,asevidencedbytheendeavorsofindividualslikeanalchemistwhoattemptedtolaunchhimselfintospaceusinggunpowderrockets,albeitunsuccessfully.However,itwasnotuntilthelatterhalfofthe20thcenturythatChinaofficiallyestablisheditsmodernspaceprogram.Sincethen,Chinahasmaderemarkableadvancements,launchingitsfirstsatellitein1970andsendingitsfirstastronautintospacein2003.Overtheyears,Chinahasdevelopedandrefineditsrockettechnology,expandeditscapabilitiesinsatellitedeployment,conductedsuccessfullunarexplorationmissions,andestablisheditsownspacestation.Today,China’sspaceprogramcontinuestogrowrapidly,withambitiousplansforfuturemissionstoexplorethemoon,Mars,andbeyond.MonologueSuggestedanswers2.AdvancementsinrockettechnologyhavesignificantlyacceleratedspaceexplorationinChina.Theseadvancements,suchasthedevelopmentofpowerfulandreliablerocketsliketheLongMarchseries,haveenabledChinatolaunchmoremissionsatafasterpace.Withimprovedpropulsionsystemsandpayloadcapabilities,Chineserocketscancarrylargerandmoresophisticatedspacecraft,facilitatingmissionstoexplorenewfrontiersinspace,conductscientificresearch,andestablishapresencebeyondEarth’sorbit.Additionally,advancementsinrockettechnologyhavereducedcostsandincreasedefficiency,allowingChinatoexpanditsspaceprogramandpursueambitiousgoalsinspaceexploration.MonologueSuggestedanswers3.SpaceagencieslikeChinaprioritizethesafetyofastronautsandmissionsuccessthroughcomprehensivemeasures.Thisincludesextensiveastronauttrainingtoprepareforthechallengesofspaceflightandrigoroustestingofspacecrafttoensurereliability.Strictprotocolsgovernmissionplanningandexecution,withcarefulconsiderationgiventofactorslikelaunchtimingandtrajectory.Advancedtechnologiesareutilizedforhazarddetectionandmitigation,whilecollaborationwithinternationalpartnersenhancescollectiveexpertiseandresources.Throughtheseefforts,spaceagenciesaimtosafeguardastronautsandachievemissionobjectivesinspaceexploration.MonologueSuggestedanswers4.China’slunarprobeandmassmissioncontributetoourunderstandingoftheuniversebyconductingresearchoncelestialbodiessuchasthemoon,gatheringdataonlunargeology,surfacecomposition,andpotentiallyidentifyingresourcesforfutureexploration.Additionally,thesemissionsadvanceourunderstandingofplanetaryformationprocesses,sheddinglightontheoriginsandevolutionofthesolarsystem.Throughtheseendeavors,ChinaaimstodeepenscientificknowledgeandpavethewayforfutureexplorationbeyondEarth’sorbit.MonologueSuggestedanswers5.Futurevehiclesinspaceexplorationarelikelytofeatureadvancedtechnologyandinnovativedesignelements.Thesespacecraftwillbeequippedwithimprovedpropulsionsystemsforefficienttravelandmaneuverability,aswellassophisticatedinstrumentsforconductingscientificresearch.Theymayalsoincorporatemodulardesignprinciplesforversatilityinmissionobjectivesandenhancelifesupportsystemstosustainastronautsduringextendedmissions.Additionally,advancementsinartificialintelligenceandroboticscouldenableautonomousoperationandmaintenanceofspacecraftsystems,whilerenewableenergysourceslikesolarpowermayprovidesustainableenergyforpropulsionandonboardsystems.Overall,theseadvancementswillrevolutionizeourcapabilitiesinspaceexplorationanddeepenourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Conversation

1.T2.T3.F4.T5.TPassagePassage1I.Thetruestatementsare4and5.1.Itwasn’tuntilabout100yearsagothatmachinesbegantogofasterthanhorses.2.Duringthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,mostlong-distancetravelwasdoneontrains.3.By1990,thereweremorethan200millioncarsintheUnitedStatesandCanada.PassageII.1.1900;1002.fast,efficient;anywhere3.solve;transportationproblems4.European;high-speed5.airport;fighttrafficPassagePassage21.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.T10.TPassagePassage3

I.1.toimaginelifewithoutasubway2.eventhoughyoucan’tseeitstunnelsfromthestreet3.weremovingtothecities;couldn’tcarrythemall4.citiesandtheirtransportationsystemsranoutofroom5.becamecongestedanddangerous;grewincreasinglydifficult6.withabove-groundmasstransit7.fromplacetoplace;withhorses,cartsandthefirstcars8.torelievethecongestion;ledtoviolence9.thatthey’dhavetobuildanewsystemoftransportation;toputthissystemunderthecity10.morethan160;overcrowding,pollutionorurbansprawlSpeech1.theNation’sCapital2.enjoyable3.atreasuretrove4.29,0005.preservationlaw6.heritageandappeal7.apleasingmix8.trendyshopsSpeech9.therichdiversityof10.specialtyrestaurants11.orrevelin12.therenownedMetrorailsystem13.ThroughthisInternetsite14.visitingusinperson15.yournextvacationanunforgettableoneCulturalLink1.120yearsofthemoderncarPatentDRP37435fortheBenzPatentMotorCarin1886isconsideredthebirthdateofthemoderncar.Thatyear,inJanuary,KarlBenzappliedforhis“vehiclewithgasoperation”whichincludedsuchfeaturesasasingle-cylinder,four-strokeenginepoweredbygasoline;acarburetor;water-cooledradiator;andelectricignition.Duringthatsameyear,GottliebDaimlerandengineerWilhelmMaybachcreatedthefirst“horseless”carriagebyattachingDaimler’senginetoacoach.BenzandDaimler’sorganizationswouldlatermergetoformDaimler-Benz(nowDaimlerChryslerAG).CulturalLink2.TheinventorofthesteamshipRobertFultonispopularly,ifinaccurately,consideredtheinventorofthesteamship.BorninPennsylvania,hebeganhiscareerasanartist,paintingmostlyportraits.In1786hetraveledtoEngland,whereheputhiseffortstoengineering,specializingincanalnavigationandshipbuilding.Inthelate1790sheworkedondesigningandbuildingasubmarine,firstinFranceandthen,moresuccessfully,inEngland.SomethingofacelebritywhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStatesin1806,FultonsettobuildashippoweredbyanEnglish-builtsteamengine.InAugustof1807hisClermontCulturalLink2.TheinventorofthesteamshipmadethetripfromNewYorktoAlbany,upriverontheHudson,in32hours.AlthoughJohnFitchhadbuiltaworkingsteamboatin1790,Fultonwasthefirsttoestablishacommerciallysuccessfullineofships,whichledtoatransportationrevolution.AfterClermonthebuiltmorethanadozenothersteamships,atorpedoboatand,underthedirectionoftheUSCongress,asteam-poweredfrigate.CulturalLink3.PierreLallement—inventorofthebicyclePierreLallementwasanenterprisingyoungmanwhoarrivedinAnsonia(thenaboroughofDerby)in1865afterdabblinginmakingbabycarriagesandhisownnewinventioncalledthevelocipede,betterknowntodayasthebicycle.Accordingtohistoricalaccounts,hesawpeopleusingaratherawkwardwheeledvehicleknownasadandyhorse,andaddedthebasiccomponentsoftoday’sbicyclestocreateaworkingbicycle.CulturalLink3.PierreLallement—inventorofthebicycleOnNovember20,1866,hefiledforUSpatent#59,915—thefirstpatentissuedforatruebicycle.Heneverreallycapitalizedonhisinventionashecouldnotfindinvestors.HereturnedtoParisforatime,andwhilethere,soldthepatenttoCalvinWittyofBrooklynwholaterbecamepartofamajorlawsuitbeforethecompanythatproducedColumbiabikeseventuallygainedlegalpossession—andmadeafortune.Lallementdidnotfaresowell.HediedinBostonattheageof47andformanyyearshisroleastheinventorofthebicyclewasforgottenwhilemanygavethecredittoMichaux.Howeverinrecentyears,historyhasbeenmuchkindertoLallement,andhiswork.CulturalLink4.KarlBenz(CarlBenz)In1885,Germanmechanicalengineer,KarlBenzdesignedandbuilttheworld’sfirstpracticalautomobiletobepoweredbyaninternalcombustionengine.OnJanuary29,1886,Benzreceivedthefirstpatent(DRPNo.37435)foragas-fueledcar.Itwasathree-wheeler;Benzbuilthisfirstfour-wheeledcarin1891.Benz&Company,thecompanystartedbytheinventor,becametheworld’slargestmanufacturerofautomobilesby1900.CulturalLink5.HenryFordrevolutionizedtheautoindustryManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile.ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermDaimlerandKarlBenz—developedthefirstgasoline-poweredautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedthefactorysystemthatmovedacar’spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue,either.ManymanufacturersusedthissystembeforeFord.CulturalLink5.HenryFordrevolutionizedtheautoindustryWhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople’sideasandmakethembetter.Othersmadecars.HenryFordmadebettercars.Andhesoldthemforlessmoney.Othersbuiltcarfactories.He