MPA英语课件 公共管理 Unit 9 Public Service

Unit

NinePublicServiceLead-inA.Readthefollowingpassageforinformationaboutpublicservice.Publicserviceisaservicewhichisprovidedbygovernmenttopeoplelivingwithinitsjurisdiction,eitherdirectly(throughthepublicsector)orbyfinancingprovisionofservices.Publicpolicywhenmadeinthepublic'sinterestandmotivationscanprovidepublicservices.Examplesofpublicservicesarethefirebrigade,police,airforce,andparamedics.jurisdiction[,dʒʊərɪsˑdɪkʃ(ə)n]n.司法权sector[ˑsektə]n.部门financing[fɪˑnænsɪŋ]n.融资motivation[məʊtɪˑveɪʃ(ə)n]n.动机paramedic[,pærəˑmedɪk]n.护理人员Apublicservicemaysometimeshavethecharacteristicsofapublicgood(beingnon-rivalrousandnon-excludable),butmostareserviceswhichmay(accordingtoprevailingsocialnorms)beunder-providedbythemarket.Inmostcasespublicservicesareservices,i.e.theydonotinvolvemanufacturingofgoods.Theymaybeprovidedbylocalornationalmonopolies,especiallyinsectorswhicharenaturalmonopolies.Theyoftenrequirehighlevelsoftrainingandeducation.Theymayattractpeoplewithapublicserviceethoswhowishtogivesomethingtothewiderpublicorcommunitythroughtheirwork.characteristics[,kærəktəˑrɪstɪks]n.特征prevailing[prɪˑveɪlɪŋ]a.盛行的manufacture[mænjʊˑfæktʃə]v.制造ethos[ˑiːθɒs]n.理念B.Trytoanswerthefollowingquestionsaboutpublicservicebriefly.1.Whatisthedefinitionofpublicservice?2.Illustratesomeexamplesofpublicservice.Key:Publicserviceisaservicewhichisprovidedbygovernmenttopeoplelivingwithinitsjurisdiction,eitherdirectly(throughthepublicsector)orbyfinancingprovisionofservices.Key:Examplesofpublicservicesarethefirebrigade,police,airforce,andparamedics.3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofpublicserviceaccordingtoyourunderstandingofthepassage?

4.Whatdopublicservicesoftenrequire?

5.Whoarelikelytoworkforpublicservices?Key:Apublicservicemaysometimeshavethecharacteristicsofapublicgoodanddoesn’tinvolvemanufacturingofgoods.Key:Publicservicesoftenrequirehighlevelsoftrainingandeducation.Key:Peoplewhowishtogivesomethingtothewiderpublicorcommunitythroughtheirworkmaybeattractedbypublicservices.

IntensiveReadingSocialPolicyintheUKStart-upquestionSocialpolicycanrefertoguidelines,principles,legislationandactivitiesthataffectthelivingconditionsconducivetohumanwelfare,suchasaperson'squalityoflife.WhatdoyouknowaboutthesocialpolicyintheUK?Paragraph1[1]TheUnitedKingdomisaunitarystateinwhichcentralgovernmentsubstantiallydirectsmostgovernmentactivity.However,thestructureofservicesinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelanddiffersincertainrespects.EachregionhasbothaSecretaryofStateandadministrativedepartmentsituatedincentralgovernment,anditsownassemblyandexecutive,whichtakeontheroleintheregionofcertaincentralgovernmentministries.ThelawswhichapplyinScotlandandNorthernIrelandaredifferentfromthoseinEnglandandWales.TheScottishParliamenthasinconsequenceverymuchmoreinfluencethanitsWelshcounterpart,andtheScottishGovernment(anameconfusinglyusedforbothgovernmentandexecutive)hastheroleofacivilserviceforScotland,withasocialpolicyinitsownright.TheadministrativestructureinNorthernIrelandissignificantlydifferent:personalsocialservicesaretheresponsibilityoftheHealthBoard(astheyareintheRepublicofIreland)andsocialsecurityandhousingfallundertheDepartmentforSocialDevelopment.unitary[ˑjuːnɪt(ə)rɪ]a.统一的substantially[səbˑstænʃ(ə)lɪ]adv.很大程度地administrative[ədˑmɪnɪstrətɪv]a.行政的assembly[əˑsemblɪ]n.议会counterpart[ˑkaʊntəpɑːt]n.对应的人或物CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.1.TheUnitedKingdomisa___a___（统一的）stateinwhichcentralgovernment___b___（很大程度地）directsmostgovernmentactivity.key:a.unitaryb.substantiallyCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.However,thestructureofservicesinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelanddiffers_____certainrespects.EachregionhasbothaSecretaryofStateandadministrativedepartmentsituatedincentralgovernment,anditsownassemblyandexecutive,whichtake_____theroleintheregionofcertaincentralgovernmentministries.key:inkey:onCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.EachregionhasbothaSecretaryofStateandadministrativedepartmentsituatedincentralgovernment,and______(它自己的议会和行政部门),whichtakeontheroleintheregionofcertaincentralgovernmentministries.Key：

itsownassemblyandexecutiveThelawswhichapplyinScotlandandNorthernIreland______(与英格兰和威尔士的法律制度是不同的).Key：

aredifferentfromthoseinEnglandandWalesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.英国是一个统一的国家，主要由中央政府组织政治活动。Key：TheUnitedKingdomisaunitarystateinwhichcentralgovernmentsubstantiallydirectsmostgovernmentactivity.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.TheUnitedKingdomisaunitarystateinwhichcentralgovernmentsubstantiallydirectsmostgovernmentactivity.However,thestructureofservicesinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelanddiffersincertainrespects.EachregionhasbothaSecretaryofStateandadministrativedepartmentsituatedincentralgovernment,anditsownassemblyandexecutive,whichtakeontheroleintheregionofcertaincentralgovernmentministries.ThelawswhichapplyinScotlandandNorthernIrelandaredifferentfromthoseinEnglandandWales.TheScottishParliamenthasinconsequenceverymuchmoreinfluencethanitsWelshcounterpart,andtheScottishGovernment(anameconfusinglyusedforbothgovernmentandexecutive)hastheroleofacivilserviceforScotland,withasocialpolicyinitsownright.TheadministrativestructureinNorthernIrelandissignificantlydifferent:personalsocialservicesaretheresponsibilityoftheHealthBoard(astheyareintheRepublicofIreland)andsocialsecurityandhousingfallundertheDepartmentforSocialDevelopment.英国是一个统一的国家，主要由中央政府组织政治活动。然而，苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的服务体系在某些方面存在差异。每个区域的中央政府，有部长和行政部门，也有自己的议会和执行委员会，在某些中央政府部门中发挥着作用。苏格兰和北爱尔兰的法律与英格兰和威尔士的法律也有不同点。苏格兰的议会比威尔士的议会影响更大，苏格兰政府有对公民服务的义务，也有（制定）社会政策的权利。与之相比，北爱尔兰的政治制度有显著差异：个人的社会服务由健康委员会（其属于爱尔兰共和国）负责，社会安全和住房由社会发展部负责。Paragraph2

Thisframeworkchangesfrequently.ThemostimportantchangesinrecentyearshavebeenthereformationoftheDepartmentofSocialSecurityintotheDepartmentofWorkandPensions,thesignificanttransferofincomemaintenancetotheInlandRevenue(nowHMRC,forHerMajesty'sRevenueandCustoms),andthedemolitionoftheDepartmentofTransport,theRegionsandLocalGovernment,whosekeysocialpolicyresponsibilitieswereplacedintheOfficeoftheDeputyPrimeMinisterandhavenowbeenrelocatedmainlyintoCommunitiesandLocalGovernment.AtDepartmentallevel,thereisawiderangeofnational'agencies'-notlistedinthetablewhichfollows-whichhavespecialistfunctionsinrelationtoissueslikeprocurement,ITandfinance;somehaveexpertoradvisoryroles.reformation[refəˑmeɪʃ(ə)n]n.革新pension[ˑpenʃ(ə)n]n.养老金revenue[ˑrevənjuː]n.税收demolition[deməˑlɪʃn]n.废除relocate[riːlə(ʊ)ˑkeɪt]v.重新安置procurement[prəˑkjʊəmənt]n.获得(军需品等的)行为advisory[ədˑvaɪz(ə)rɪ]a.

咨询的Paragraph3

Theadministrationofthewelfarestatehasundergonetwomajorreformssinceitsinception.Thefirstphase,coveringthe1960sand1970s,sawcentralgovernmentreformedinordertoallowtheplanningandcontrolofpublicexpenditurebytheTreasury.Theaimsofthisreformweremanagerialefficiencyandeconomicplanning.TheeffectwastocreateasysteminwhichtheTreasuryallocatedresourcestodepartments,anddepartmentstoservices.inception[ɪnˑsepʃ(ə)n]n.开始expenditure[ɪkˑspendɪtʃə]n.支出managerial[mænəˑdʒiːrɪəl]a.管理上的allocate[ˑæləkeɪt]v.分配CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.Thefirstphase,coveringthe1960sand1970s,sawcentralgovernmentreformedinordertoallowtheplanningandcontrolofpublic___a___（支出）bytheTreasury.Theaimsofthisreformwere___b___（管理上的）efficiencyandeconomicplanning.key:a.expenditureb.managerialCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Theeffectwastocreateasysteminwhichthe______(财政部给各个部门分配资源),anddepartmentstoservices.key:

theTreasuryallocatedresourcestodepartmentsTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.国家福利从开始实施主要有两次改革。第一阶段是从20世纪60年代到20世纪70年代，中央政府进行了改革，由财政部计划和控制公共支出。Key：Theadministrationofthewelfarestatehasundergonetwomajorreformssinceitsinception.Thefirstphase,coveringthe1960sand1970s,sawcentralgovernmentreformedinordertoallowtheplanningandcontrolofpublicexpenditurebytheTreasury.Paragraph4Thesecondphase,whichhasledinthe1980sand1990storestructuringofthecivilserviceandtheadministrationofwelfare,wascalledthe"newpublicmanagement".Ithasthreemainelements:thebreakupoftheadministrationintoagencies,sothattheefficiencyofeachpartoftheadministrationcanbeassessedindividually.ExamplesareNHStrustsandtheadministrativeagenciesresponsibleforSocialSecurity.
theintroductionof'management',withmanagersbeingresponsibleforrunningagenciesinabusiness-likefashion;thisiswidespreadinhealthandpersonalsocialservices.quasimarkets.Publicservicesarerequiredtoactmorelikeeconomicmarkets,withtheseparationofpurchasingandprovisionofservicesandtheintroductionofcompetition.Thetrendisstrongestinhealthandsocialcare.Completethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.Publicservicesarerequiredtoactmorelikeeconomicmarkets,_____theseparationofpurchasingandprovisionofservicesandtheintroductionofcompetition.key:withParagraph5Inrecentyears,theworkofmanycentralgovernmentagenciesservinggovernment,liketheDWP'sinformationtechnologyservicesortheDoH'slaboratories,havebeenprivatisedorcontractedout;themainroleoftheagenciesthatremainisdirectserviceprovisiontothepublic.TheNationalHealthServiceinEnglandwasreformedin2012topermitahigherlevelof'commissioning',orpurchaseofexternalservices.privatise[ˑpraɪvəˌtaɪz]v.使私有化commission[kəˑmɪʃ(ə)n]v.委托Paragraph6ThepowersoftheScottishGovernmentaredevolvedfromWestminster.Therearedevolvedpowers,whicharedelegatedtotheScottishGovernment,andreservedpowers,whichareretainedbyWestminster.Devolvedpowersincludehealth,housing,socialcare,education,localgovernmentandcivillaw.Reservedpowersincludesocialsecurityandnearlyalltaxation.devolve[dɪˑvɒlv]v.(权力、责任)下放delegatev.[ˑdɛlɪˌgeɪt]v.委托reserveda.[rɪˑzɜːvd]a.保留的retainv.[rɪˑteɪn]v.保留CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.Therearedevolvedpowers,whicharedelegatedtothe___a___（苏格兰的）Government,and___b___（保留的）powers,whichareretainedbyWestminster.key:a.Scottishb.reservedTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.议会的权利被下放到苏格兰政府。苏格兰政府有一定的权利（下放的权利），议会保留（一部分）权利。Key：ThepowersoftheScottishGovernmentaredevolvedfromWestminster.Therearedevolvedpowers,whicharedelegatedtotheScottishGovernment,andreservedpowers,whichareretainedbyWestminster.Paragraph7CurrentlytheresponsibilitiesofScottishMinistersaredividedbetweenTheOfficeoftheFirstMinisterFinanceandsustainablegrowthEducationandlifelonglearningHealthandwell-beingJustice,and
Ruralaffairsandtheenvironment.sustainable[səˑsteɪnəb(ə)l]a.可持续的Paragraph8Thecivilservice-also,confusingly,knownastheScottishGovernment-hasbeenreorganisedinto"directorates"whichdonotcorrespondcloselytothesebriefs.reorganise[,ri:ˑɔ:gənaiz]v.重组directorate[dɪˑrekt(ə)rət]n.(政府的)专门部门Paragraph9Despitethenominaldivisionoflabour,policyinScotlandisstillstronglyinfluencedbyWestminster.EconomicdevelopmentistheresponsibilityoftheScottishgovernment,butindividualisedemployabilityprovisionscurrentlybeingintroducedbytheDepartmentforWorkandPensionshavebeendonewithoutengagingtheScottishGovernment.AlthougheducationhasbeenindependentthroughoutthehistoryoftheUnion,ScotlandnowhasanationalcurriculumdirectlycomparabletotheEnglishsystem.Inmanyinstances,suchastheintroductionofcivilpartnerships,theScottishParliamenthasreferreddecisionstoWestminstertolegislateundertheprovisionsofthe"Sewelconvention".nominal[ˑnɒmɪn(ə)l]a.名义上的curriculum[kəˑrɪkjʊləm]n.课程legislate[ˑledʒɪsleɪt]v.立法provision[prəˑvɪʒ(ə)n]n.条款Completethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.Inmanyinstances,suchastheintroductionofcivilpartnerships,theScottishParliamenthasreferreddecisionstoWestminstertolegislate_____theprovisionsofthe"Sewelconvention".key:underCompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.Althougheducationhasbeen___a___（独立的）throughoutthehistoryoftheUnion,Scotlandnowhasanational___b___（课程）directlycomparabletotheEnglishsystem.key:a.independentb.curriculumParagraph10Localgovernmentgrew,inEnglandandWales,fromtheadministrationofthePoorLaws.Whenlocalservicesforhealth,socialassistanceandeducationwereestablishedduringthe19thcentury,someonehadtoberesponsiblefortheirdelivery;thepowersweregiventothePoorLawguardians,andsubsequentlythisbecamethecoreofareformedlocalgovernmentsystem.InScotland,thelocaladministrationwasmoredeveloped,beingbasedonthepoliceburghs,butmanyofthereformsinthe19thand20thcenturiesweredrivenbyEnglishapproaches.burgh[ˑbʌrə]n.(苏格兰)自治市TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.在英格兰和威尔士，地方政府是从济贫法开始实施，逐步发展起来的。key：Localgovernmentgrew,inEnglandandWales,fromtheadministrationofthePoorLaws.Completethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.InScotland,thelocaladministrationwasmoredeveloped,beingbased_____thepoliceburghs,butmanyofthereformsinthe19thand20thcenturiesweredrivenbyEnglishapproaches.key:onParagraph11Localgovernmentlostmanyofitspowersafterthewar-includingresponsibilityforhealth,socialsecurityandpublicutilities-andhasprogressivelydeclinedininfluencesince.Thestructureoflocalgovernmentwasreformedinthe1970s,toformtwomaintiers(countyanddistrict)inmostofBritain;in1996localgovernmentwasfocusedinasingleadministrativetier,thoughsometwo-tierauthoritieshavebeenretained.utility[juːˑtɪlɪtɪ]n.公用事业decline[dɪˑklaɪn]v.下降CompletethefollowingpassagebyfillingeachofthemarkedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.Localgovernmentlostmanyofitspowersafterthewar-including___a___（责任）forhealth,socialsecurityandpublicutilities-andhasprogressively___b___（下降）ininfluencesince.key:a.responsibilityb.declinedParagraph12TheUKhasahighlycentralisedsystemofgovernment,andthepowersoflocalgovernmentareverylimited.Centralgovernmentexercisesconsiderablecontrolsoverlocalaction:theyincludelegalrestraints.LocalauthoritieshavelongbeenforbiddenbylawtodoanythingwhichisnotexpresslypermittedbyParliament;localauthoritieswhichwantedtoundertakeanyspecialinitiativeoutsidetheirexistingpowers('ultravires')hadtopromoteaprivateActofParliament.RecentlybothEnglandandScotlandhaveintroducedageneralpowerforlocalauthoritiestofurtherthewelfareofthepopulation,butthisisanewprovisionandithasnotyetledtoradicalchange.advice-theworkoflocalgovernmentisincreasinglyregimentedbycentralgovernmentinstructions;inspectionandaudit-councillorscanbepersonallyfinedforbreachingauditrules,asituationwhichwouldnotbetoleratedbynationalpoliticians;and
financialcontrols.Despitetheexistenceofa"counciltax",localgovernmenthasverylimiteddiscretioninitsabilitytoraisemoney,anditisnotpermittedtoexceedcentralgovernmentlimits.Loanscannotbetakenwithoutexpresssanction.Centralgovernmentscanmaketheavailabilityofgrantsconditionaloncompliancewiththeirpolicy.restraint[rɪˑstreɪnt]n.限制undertake[ʌndəˑteɪk]v.承担initiative[ɪˑnɪʃɪətɪv]n.(重要的)法案radical[ˑrædɪk(ə)l]a.彻底的regiment[ˑredʒɪm(ə)nt]v.严格地管制audit[ˑɔːdɪt]n.审计discretion[dɪˑskreʃ(ə)n]n.处理权TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.英国政府实行中央集权制度，地方政府的权利受到限制。Key：TheUKhasahighlycentralisedsystemofgovernment,andthepowersoflocalgovernmentareverylimited.key:ithasnotyetledtoradicalchangeCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.RecentlybothEnglandandScotlandhaveintroducedageneralpowerforlocalauthoritiestofurtherthewelfareofthepopulation,butthisisanewprovisionand______(它还没有带来彻底的改变).Paragraph13Themainpowerlocalgovernmenthasisoneofconservativeresistance,usuallyintheformofafailuretoputcentralgovernmentpoliciesimmediatelyintoeffect.Politicalscientistsrefertothiskindofinstitutionalobstacleas'vetopoints'.Completethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.Themainpowerlocalgovernmenthasisoneofconservativeresistance,usuallyintheformofafailuretoputcentralgovernmentpoliciesimmediately_____effect.Key:intoCheckYourUnderstandingA.

MatchthefollowingmaingovernmentdepartmentsintheUKwiththecorrespondingresponsibilitiesaccordingtothetext.ParliamentEconomicpolicy;GovernmentfinanceMinistryofJusticeNationalInsurance;SocialAssistance;EmploymentTheTreasuryEducationCabinetOfficeHealthcare;SocialServicesDepartmentforWorkandPensionsLawDepartmentofHealthPublicservicereformHomeOfficePrimarylegislationDepartmentforEducationPublicorderExtendedReadingHowLocalGovernmentCanBecomeMoreTransparentandAccountabletothePublicinanEraofGovernanceFragmentation？ExplainingtheCaseofLocalDevelopmentCorporationsintheStateofNewYorkDeanParker&GinaScutelnicuDeanParkerisanMPACandidateatPaceUniversity.HisresearchexamineslocaldevelopmentcorporationsinthestateofNewYork.GinaScutelnicuisanAssistantProfessoratPaceUniversitywhoseresearchareasarespecial-purposeentitiesandcommunityandeconomicdevelopment.A.Questionsfordiscussion.1.Whatisthepurposeofthecreationoflocaldevelopmentcorporations(LDCs)?

2.Whatarethefeaturesoflocaldevelopmentcorporations(LDCs)?3.WhyareLDCsattractiveinstitutionalchoices?Listthereasonsbriefly.4.Withpublicauthoritystatus,whataretherequirementsofLDCsintermsofaccountabilityissues?5.WhatistheexplanationforthedisclosureissuesforLDCs?B.Preparea10-minutepresentationon“TheBenefitsandChallengesofLocalDevelopmentCorporationsintheStateofNewYork”anddeliveritintheclass.ListeningA.Listentothefirsttwoparagraphsofthenewsaboutapplicationofrobotsinpublicservice,andwriteyouranswersinprovidedspace.RapidadvancesinartificialintelligencearefearedbymanyinEuropeandtheUS,withscientistswarningofmass__________________.ButinSingapore,whererestrictionsonforeignworkershaveleftmany______________strugglingforstaff,servicesectorbusinessesare_______________findingautomatedsolutionstotheirworkforcecrunch.Robotsarecloselyconnectedwithpublicservice.Fromrestaurantstohospitals,_________arebeingrolledoutinagovernment-backedpushtohelpbusinessessurviveatight_________market.LouisTan,chiefoperatingofficerofSingapore’sMountElizabethNovenahospital,said:“Thegovernmentisclampingdownonforeignworkers—thereisdifficultyinhiringevenskilledworkers.Technologyhasturnedouttobeoneofthesolutions.”Robotshavebeenappliedindifferentkindsofpublicservices.unemployment

companies

increasingly

robots

labour

B.Listentotheparagraphthreeandparagraphfourofthenews,andfillintheblanksbelow.Place

FunctionofrobotsInthehospital

IntherestaurantRobotscanmonitorpatients’vitalsignsintheintensivecareunit.Robotscangatherdirtydisheswiththehelpofcustomers.C.Listentothelastthreeparagraphsofthenewsandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions.1.Whatisthedeterrentoftheuseofrobotsinserviceindustry?Howdoesthegovernmentdealwithit?2.Whatistheanalysts’expectationforthetrendofrobotapplicationinserviceindustry?Thedeterrentiscost.Robotsaretooexpensivetobuy.Thegovernmentprovidesthesubsidyandfinancialsupportintherestauranttrial.Analystspredictthattheworldwidemarketforserviceindustryrobotsispoisedtotakeoff,astechnicaladvancesallowrobotstoperformmorecomplextasksandworkinmoreunpredictableenvironments.SpeakingA.ReadtheabstractofthespeechbytheQueenoftheUnitedKingdomin2016belowanddiscusswithyourpartnersbeforeansweringthequestions.MyLordsandMembersoftheHouseofCommons,Mygovernmentwillusetheopportunityofastrengtheningeconomytodeliversecurityforworkingpeople,toincreaselifechancesforthemostdisadvantagedandtostrengthennationaldefences.MyministerswillcontinuetobringthepublicfinancesundercontrolsothatBritainliveswithinitsmeans,andtomovetoahigherwageandlowerwelfareeconomywhereworkisrewarded.Tosupporttheeconomicrecovery,andtocreatejobsandmoreapprenticeships,legislationwillbeintroducedtoensureBritainhastheinfrastructurethatbusinessesneedtogrow.Measureswillbebroughtforwardtocreatetherightforeveryhouseholdtoaccesshighspeedbroadband.LegislationwillbeintroducedtoimproveBritain'scompetitivenessandmaketheUnitedKingdomaworldleaderinthedigitaleconomy.MyministerswillensuretheUnitedKingdomisattheforefrontoftechnologyfornewformsoftransport,includingautonomousandelectricvehicles.Tospreadeconomicprosperity,mygovernmentwillcontinuetosupportthedevelopmentofaNorthernPowerhouse.

InEngland,furtherpowerswillbedevolvedtodirectlyelectedmayors,includingpowersgoverninglocalbusservices.Legislationwillalsoallowlocalauthoritiestoretainbusinessrates,givingthemmorefreedomtoinvestinlocalcommunities.Mygovernmentwillsupportaspirationandpromotehomeownershipthroughitscommitmenttobuildamillionnewhomes.Followinglastweek'sAnti-CorruptionSummitinLondon,legislationwillbeintroducedtotacklecorruption,moneylaunderingandtaxevasion.MygovernmentwillcontinueworktodeliverNHSservicesover7daysoftheweekinEngland.Legislationwillbeintroducedtoensurethatoverseasvisitorspayforthehealthtreatmenttheyreceiveatpublicexpense.Newlegislationwillbeintroducedtotacklesomeofthedeepestsocialproblemsinsociety,andimprovelifechances.ABillwillbeintroducedtoensurethatchildrencanbeadoptedbynewfamilieswithoutdelay,improvingthestandardofsocialworkandopportunitiesforyoungpeopleincareinEngland.Totacklepovertyandthecausesofdeprivation,includingfamilyinstability,addictionanddebt,mygovernmentwillintroducenewindicatorsformeasuringlifechances.Legislationwillbeintroducedtoestablishasoftdrinksindustrylevytohelptacklechildhoodobesity.Measureswillbeintroducedtohelpthelowest-incomefamiliessave,throughanewHelptoSavescheme,andtocreateaLifetimeISAtohelpyoungpeoplesaveforthelong-term.Mygovernmentwillcontinuetoreformpublicservicessotheyhelpthehardest-to-reach.ABillwillbebroughtforwardtolayfoundationsforeducationalexcellenceinallschools,givingeverychildthebeststartinlife.Therewillalsobeafairerbalancebetweenschools,throughtheNationalFundingFormula.Toensurethatmorepeoplehavetheopportunitytofurthertheireducation,legislationwillbeintroducedtosupporttheestablishmentofnewuniversitiesandtopromotechoiceandcompetitionacrossthehighereducationsector.……MembersoftheHouseofCommons:Estimatesforthepublicserviceswillbelaidbeforeyou.MyLordsandMembersoftheHouseofCommons:Othermeasureswillbelaidbeforeyou.IpraythattheblessingofAlmightyGodmayrestuponyourcounsels.Discussion:1.Whatmeasuresareconcernedwithpublicservicesinthespeech?2.WhatmeasureswouldbetakeninEngland?Whatarethepurposesofthesemeasures?B.SurftheInternetandfindsomeinformationaboutpublicserviceinChina.Thendiscussingroupsandpreparea10-minuteoralpresentation.Whilepreparingthepresentation,youneedtonarrowdowntopicareaandfocusonemajorpoint.Writing

总结报告对于不同组织机构来说,总结报告形式因目的的不同而多种多样,如调查报告、商业报告、产品报告、年度报告、部门工作总结、个人工作总结等等。这些总结报告有的简短随意,有的则篇幅较长,比较正式。报告的最终目的是为即将做出的决定或即将采取的行动提供依据。有些报告只是简单地记录某个事件、某次访问、某些情况以及所采取的相应行动。另外一些报告则包括对时间的详尽解释和结论,也许还包含行动建议。撰写较为详尽的报告需要进行大量的研究,包括采访、走访、问卷和调研。所得到的信息可以整理成文字、表格或图表的形式,同时作者需要提供明确的结论和建议。不同报告因种类和内容不同,具体写作形式也存在差异。总的来说,总结报告首先要有一个明确的总标题,