Unit4InventionsReading2课件沪教版英语八年级上册

Unit4Inventions主题范畴：人与社会主题群：科学与技术子主题：科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新KeyquestionWhatmakesaninventiongreat?DoyouknowtheFourNewInventionsofChina?Whatarethey?High-SpeedRailAlipayE-commerceSharedBicyclesWheel'sEnduringEvolution1.OriginsofHumanTravelEarlyhumansonlywalked2.HorseTransportationEraHorse-ridingletpeopletravelfarther3.WheelInventionBreakthroughWheelchangedhowpeoplemoveandtrade4.StoneRoadDevelopmentWheelmadepeoplebuildstoneroads.5.RomanRoadEngineeringRomansmadebetterroads.6.MachineAgeWheelhelpedmakeallkindsofmachines.7.DigitalAgeWheelWheelsarestillimportantinmoderndevices.8.TimelessInventionImpact（影响）Wheelisoneofthebesthumaninventions.Vocabularypractice___(1)attach(line13)___(2)pull(line13)___(3)path(line17)___(4)dependon(line24)___(5)doubt(line26)1Findthewordsandthephraseinthearticleonpages52-53andmatchthemwiththeirmeanings.aafeelingofnotbeingsureaboutsomethingbawaymadebyalotofpeoplewalkingonitctoneedsomethinginorderforsomethingelsetohappendtojoinonethingtoanotheretomovesomethinginacertaindirectiondebca2CompletetheconversationwiththewordsandthephrasefromExercise1.Changetheformifnecessary.Interviewer:HelloDrLi!Youwroteabookaboutthehistoryofthewheel.Howdidthewheelchangepeople’slives?DrLi:

Beforethewheel,people(1)___________animalstocarryheavythings,ortheycarriedthingsthemselves.Interviewer:

Didpeoplecontinuetouseanimalstomovethingsaftertheinventionofthewheel?dependonDrLi:Yes.That’showhorse-pulledvehiclescameabout.Theyputthingsinthevehicles,(2)___________thehorsesandofftheywent!Itwassomucheasierforahorseto(3)___________somethingthancarryitonitsback.Interviewer:Howweretheroadsbackthen?DrLi:Terrible!Theroadswerereallyjust(4)___________frompeoplewalkingthesamewayforyears.Interviewer:Thankyoufortheinformation!DrLi:You’rewelcome.Thereisno(5)___________thatthewheelisthegreatestinventionofalltime!attachedpullpathsdoubtCitycommutingandlong-distanceroadtrips______thecar,makingdailytravelmoreconvenient.______theelectriccar,concernsaboutfuelcostsandenvironmentalprotectionhavegrown.Traditionalhorse-drawncarriageindustries______thecar,asmotorvehiclesbecamemorepopular.Advancedenginetechnologyaimsto______acar’sspeedandfuelefficiencysimultaneously.Revolutionizingpersonaltransportationandtrade,thecarisoftencalled______.increaseafterthearrivalof...changedwiththeinventionof...dependononeofthemostimportantinventionsofalltime3Writeaboutaninventionwiththewordandexpressionsbelow.TheInventionoftheLightBulbThelightbulbisoneofthemostimportantinventionsofalltime.Longago,peopledependedoncandlesoroillampstoseeatnight.Theirlightwasweak.Afterthearrivalofthelightbulb,lifechangedalot.Itgavebrightlight.Peoplecouldwork,read,andhavefunatnighteasily.Astimepassed,thewayweuselightchangedwiththeinventionofLEDlights.Butthebasicideaofthelightbulbstillhelpsus.Itcanincreaseourtimefordoingthingsafterdark.Westilldependonthisgreatinventioneveryday.ForexampleThewonderofthewheelWhenthefirsthumansdecidedtoleavetheirhomesover100,000yearsagoinsearchofnewplacestoliveandbettersourcesoffood,theydiditonfoot.Humanscontinuedwalkingacrosstheglobeforthenext94,000years,untilabout6,000yearsagowhenanumberofimportantchangestookplace.Forinstance,intheCentralAsiancountryofKazakhstan,peoplestartedtoridehorses.Althoughthismeantthatpeoplecouldtravelfurtherandfaster,transportinglargeamountsofgoodswasstilladifficultjob.Thatallchanged,however,afewhundredyearslaterwiththeinventionofthewheel.Whofirstinventedthewheel?Wewillneverknowforsure,buttheinventorsprobablyfirstusedwheelstomakepottery.Later,theyrealizedthattheycouldalsousethemtotransportpeopleandthings.Theysoonattachedwheelstohorse-pulledvehicles.Farmersweresuddenlyabletotransporttheirgoodstomarketsfaraway.Thisinventionincreasednationalandinternationaltrade.Thewheelchangedthewayvillages,townsandevencountriesdidbusinesswitheachother,butitwasn’tperfect.Theroadswereoldwalkingpaths.Theseoldpathsquicklybecameextremelydifficulttouseinwetweather.Asaresult,thefirstroadsmadeofstoneappearedafterthearrivalofthewheel.TheRomanstheninventednewroad-buildingtechniques.Thenewroadswereverygood,andwestillusesomeofthemtoday.Thewheelnotonlychangedthewayhumansmove,butitalsoallowedustobuildalltypesofamazingmachines.Windmills,clocksandothermachinesallusewheels,andtheIndustrialRevolutiondependedonthewheel.Eveninourdigitalizedworld,westillusewheelsindevicessuchas3Dprinters.Withoutdoubt,thewheelisoneofthemostimportantinventionsofalltime.离开家园寻找新地方重要变化发生例如开始骑马大量货物发明轮子确切知道制作陶器把……附到……上leaveone'shomesinsearchofnewplacesimportantchangestookplaceforinstancestartedtoridehorseslargeamountsofgoodstheinventionofthewheelknowforsuremakepotteryattach...to...马拉的车辆国家和国际贸易做生意的方式雨后变得极难走石子路筑路技术不仅……而且……各类惊人的机器依赖；依靠毫无疑问有史以来最重要的发明之一horse-pulledvehiclesnationalandinternationaltradetheway...didbusinessbecameextremelydifficulttouseinwetweatherroadsmadeofstoneroad-buildingtechniquesnotonly...butalso...alltypesofamazingmachinesdependonwithoutdoubtoneofthemostimportantinventionsofalltimeLanguagepointsalthough

conj.

虽然，尽管；引导让步状语从句。词汇辨析：although和though意思相近，although较正式，多用于书面语；though可用于书面和口语，还可放句末，如It’shardwork.Ienjoyit,though.（这是辛苦活，不过我喜欢。）；eventhough强调“即使，纵然”，让步语气更强。1.Althoughthismeantthatpeoplecouldtravelfurtherandfaster...attachv.把……固定；把……附（在……上）常用搭配：attachto依附于，使附着；attachimportanceto重视完成句子：①我们应该重视环境保护。Weshould__________________environmentalprotection.②请把标签贴在你的行李上。Please_______thelabel______yourluggage.2.Theysoonattachedwheelstohorse-pulledvehicles.attachimportancetoattachtopathn.

小路；小径；路线；路径词汇辨析：path侧重自然形成或人工修建的窄小路；road指较宽、供车辆等通行的“公路、道路”；way是更宽泛的“路；方式；方法”，如thewaytosuccess成功之路。例句：Wefollowedthepaththroughtheparkandenjoyedthebeautifulflowersalongtheway.Thereisabusyroadnearmyhouse,andmanycarspassbyeveryday.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearestsupermarket?3.Theroadwereoldwalkingpaths.doubtn.

疑惑；疑问；怀疑⭐也可作动词，doubt用于肯定句时，常接whether/if引导的从句，表对某事是否发生等存疑，如Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.我怀疑他是否会来。常用搭配：indoubt 有疑问withoutdoubt 毫无疑问doubtabout 对……怀疑4.Withoutdoubt,thewheelisoneofthemostimportantinventionsofalltime.他对自己能否按时完成任务有疑问。Heis________aboutwhetherhecanfinishthetaskontime.她毫无疑问是我们班最优秀的学生。Sheis____________thebeststudentinourclass.他不确定她是否会来参加派对。He_______whethershewillcometotheparty.indoubtwithoutdoubtdoubts完成句子词汇辨析：anumberof“几个；若干”，侧重数量相对明确，修饰可数名词）。thenumberof“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，如Thenumberofstudentsinourclassisfifty.我们班学生数量是五十。alotof/lotsof可修饰可数和不可数名词，更口语化，数量相对宽泛。5....untilabout6,000yearsagowhenanumberofimportantchangestookplace.forinstance“例如；比如”，用于举例说明，和forexample用法相近。词汇辨析：forinstance较正式，可放在句首、句中、句末；forexample更常用、口语化，常放句首，后用逗号隔开，或插在句中，如Somefruits,forexample,applesandbananas,areverypopular.suchas后直接接列举的事物，不用逗号隔开，如Somefruitssuchasapplesandbananasareverypopular.

6.Forinstance,intheCentralAsiancountryofKazakhstan...从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。anumberof,dependon,takeplace,forinstance,withoutdoubt1._____________kidsareplayinghappilyinthesmallparknow.2.Thebigmeetingwill______________inthenewhalltomorrowmorning.3.Sheis_____________themosthelpfulgirlinourclassindeed.4.Weall___________freshairtoliveahealthylifedaily.5.Thebigmeetingwill_____________inthenewhalltomorrowmorning.AnumberoftakeplacewithoutdoubtdependontakeplaceWhenthefirsthumanslefttheirhomes100,000+yearsagofornewlivingplacesandfood,theytraveled

onfoot.For94,000years,walkingwasthemainway—until6,000yearsago,whenbigchangeshappened.InKazakhstan,peoplebegan

1.________

(ride)horses.Butmovinglargegoodsstayedhard—untilthewheelcame!2._______inventedthewheel?Nooneknows

3.________

(know)forsure