高三英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

高三英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics(统计)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.

Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入学)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.（1）It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat

.A.

manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemB.

white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersC.

fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefutureD.

thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?A.

Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.B.

Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.C.

Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.D.

Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.（3）Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat

.A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegeB.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegeC.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearD.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat

.A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegeB.collegeeducationisabadthingC.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayD.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过调查告诉人们要改变传统的观念:应首先考虑选择技术性的工作——因为它缺乏人才,待遇更高。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚的钱多,故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三项正确,而D项不是大学入学人数增加的原因,故选D。（3）考查句义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列举了三种情况,说明有些人不适合大学教育,故选A。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知,作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育的人才过多,而技术工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的原因;最后还谈到了很多学生上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业。所有这些都在暗示人们,上大学的人应该减少,而参加技术工作的人应该增多，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(问题)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了通过工作能有一个积极的社会影响对年轻人的幸福至关重要。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates，”除此之外，调查发现女生比男生更有可能把社会影响放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一项研究结果显示，女性数学和科学专业的学生更有可能说她们进入这些领域是为了有所作为。可以推断出两项调查的结果是一致的。都说明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影响。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”强调改善世界的一个原因可能与大学文化有关，大学文化鼓励学生将他们的学习与现实世界的问题联系起来。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”调查发现，72%的大学毕业生认为通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。可以得出结论：多数的毕业生都认可工作产生的社会影响对他们而言是重要的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通过第一段的调查结论得出：对年轻人的幸福，通过工作改变世界是至关重要的。所以，文章主要阐述年轻人的幸福取决于在工作中改变世界（makeadifference）,结合第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”对他们来说，做出改变是如此重要，以至于45%的人说他们愿意接受15%的减薪去一个对社会或环境有影响的组织工作，58%的人说他们愿意接受减薪去一个与他们价值观相同的组织工作。可以看出,减薪是makeadifference的重要性。综上所述，选项D：ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference和文章的主旨是一致的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Parentsdonotowe(欠)theirchildrenacollegeeducation.Iftheycanaffordit,theycancertainlysendthemtoagooduniversity.Buttheyneedn'tfeelguiltyiftheycan't.Whenchildrengrowupandwanttogetmarried,theirparentsdonotowethemanapartment.Theydonothavethedutytolookaftertheirgrandchildren,either.Iftheywanttodoit,itmustbeconsideredafavor,notanobligation.

Doparentsowetheirchildrenanything?Yes,theyowethemagreatdeal.Oneoftheirobligationsistogivetheirchildrenapersonalworth.Childrenwhoarealwaysmadetofeelstupidandunworthy,constantlycomparedwithbrighterbrothers,sisters,orcousinswillbecomesounsure,soafraidoffailingthattheywon'ttryatall.Ofcoursetheyshouldbeproperlycorrectedwhentheydowrong,butit'softenbettertoletchildrenlearntheirmistakesbythemselvesintime.Alltheirparentsshoulddoistotrustthem,respectthem,understandthemandgivethemchancestotryandfail.Theymustlearntostandfailure.Whencriticisms(批评)arereallyneeded,theyshouldbebalancedwithasmileandakiss.Thatisthewaychildrenlearn.

Parentsowetheirchildrenasetofsolidvaluesaroundwhichtobuildtheirlives.Thismeansteachingthemtorespecttherightsandopinionsofothers;itmeansbeingrespectfultoelders,toteachers,andtothelaw.Thebestwaytoteachsuchvaluesisbydeed.Achildwhoisliedtowilllie.Achildwhoseesnolaughterandnoloveinthehomewillhavedifficultylaughingandloving.Nochildaskstobeborn.Ifyoubringalifeintotheworld,youowethechildsomething.（1）Theauthorthinksparents________.A.shouldsendtheirchildrentocollegeB.shouldsupporttheirchildrenaftertheygetmarriedC.needtobuyanapartmentfortheirchildrenD.needn'tfeelguiltyiftheycan'tsendtheirchildrentouniversities（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obligation"inParagraph1mean?A.Right.B.Promise.C.Duty.D.Excuse.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldparentsdowhenchildrenmakemistakes?A.Understandthemandtellthemnottodothatagain.B.Letthemlearnthemistakesbythemselvesintime.C.Comparethemwithbrighterbrothersorsisters.D.Correcttheirmistakesimmediately.（4）Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?A.Thedutiesofparents.B.Thebestwaytoteachchildren.C.Thereasonwhychildrenfeelstupidandunworthy.D.Thereasonwhyparentsowetheirchildrensomething.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，就父母对子女真正的责任是什么进行论述，总结出父母真正要给予孩子的是个人价值和正确的价值观，这才是父母真正的职责。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Parentsdonotowe（欠）theirchildrenacollegeeducation...Buttheyneedn'tfeelguiltyiftheycan't.”父母不欠子女大学教育......如果他们承担不起大学教育，也不必感到内疚，可知，作者认为，如果父母不能送子女上大学，也不必感到内疚。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Iftheywanttodoit,itmustbeconsideredafavor,notanobligation.”如果他们想这样做，就必须把它看作一种恩惠，而不是义务，这一句中的“favor”意为“恩惠、帮忙”相反意思应为“义务、责任”，所以可以判断“obligation”应是“义务”之意，同时“obligation”和前一句“Theydonothavethedutytolookaftertheirgrandchildren,either.”他们也没有义务照顾孙子孙女，这一句里的“duty”是近义词，属于词义重现用法。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ofcoursetheyshouldbeproperlycorrectedwhentheydowrong,butit'softenbettertoletchildrenlearntheirmistakesbythemselvesintime.”当然，如果孩子做错了，他们应该得到适当的纠正，但是最好是让孩子们自己及时地知道他们的错误，可知，当孩子犯错时，父母应该让孩子自己及时了解错误。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Parentsdonotowe（欠）theirchildrenacollegeeducation...”从父母送子女上大学，帮忙买房子或照看孙辈等琐事引入主题，说明这些并不是父母真正的职责；以及第三段中的“Oneoftheirobligationsistogivetheirchildrenapersonalworth.”他们的义务之一是给孩子们个人的价值和最后一段中的“Parentsowetheirchildrenasetofsolidvaluesaroundwhichtobuildtheirlives.”父母有义务为孩子建立一套坚实的价值观，并以此来构建他们的生活。可知，父母真正要给予孩子的是个人价值和正确的价值观，这才是父母真正的职责，所以文章主要讲父母的职责。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.First,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearitspoken.Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakitourselves,withconfidenceandwithouthesitation(犹豫).Thirdly,wemustdomuchreading.Finally,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentencesthatarecorrectingrammar.

Therearenoshortcutstosuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.Itisnotmuchlearningbyheartlonglistsofwordsandtheirmeanings,studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.

Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.（1）Themostimportantthingstolearnaforeignlanguageare

.A.

understandingandspeaking

B.

Listening,speaking,readingandwritingC.

writingandunderstanding

D.

memorizingandlistening（2）SomeonehearsandwritesEnglishverywell,buthespeaksitverybadly.Thisisbecause

.A.hedoesn'tunderstandthelanguagewhenhehearsitspokenB.hedoesn'thaveagoodmemoryC.healwaysrememberslistsofwordsandtheirmeaningsD.heoftenhesitates(犹豫)topractisespeakingit（3）Onecanneverlearnaforeignlanguagewellby

.A.doingmuchpracticeB.studyingthedictionaryC.learningthroughuseD.usingthelanguage（4）Whichisthemostimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage?A.goodmemory.B.Speaking.C.Practice.D.Writing.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习一门语言的基本方法和根本方法。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly（完全地），fourthingsarenecessary.“为了完全了解一门外语，要做好四个方面的准备，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Secondly，wemustbeabletospeakitourselves，withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.“第二，我们必须要自己会说，带着自信而且毫不犹豫。推断有些人说不好，是因为在说这方面，他有犹豫要不要练习说这门语言，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Agoodmemoryisagreathelp，butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.“好的记忆力是会很有帮助，但是光从语法书上记忆语法规则是不够的；以及第三段中的”Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized，wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.“如果我们对于记点语法规则就很满足，但在并不是真正在学语言。我们必须通过使用它来学这门语言。所以选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.“练习非常重要。我们必须尽可能地练习说和写一门语言，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

AstorypostedbyTheNewYorkPostMondaytellsthetaleofKatrinaHolte,aHillsborowomanwhoquitherjobtocosplaya1950shousewife.

LetmestartbyexpressingadmirationtoHolteforusingher2019freedomstofollowher1950sdreams.Everyoneshouldbesoluckyastogettodecidewhattheywearandhowtheyspendtheirtime.That'sthefutureourforemothersfoughtfor.

ButasmuchfunasIamsuresheishavinglivingavintage(复古的)life,whichliterallyincludeswatchingshowslike"ILoveLucy"andlisteningtovinylrecordings(刻录碟片),Ithinkit'simportanttorememberthatbeinga1950shousewifewasactuallytotallyawful,andsomethingourgrandmothersandmothersfoughtagainst.

Forexample,onceIcalledmygrandmaandaskedherforherrecipeforCloudBiscuits,thesedeliciousbiscuitssheusedtomakethatwewouldcoverwithbutterandhomemaderaspberryjamonThanksgiving.

"Whywouldyouwantthat?"shesaid."Gotothestore.Gotothefreezersection.Buysomepre-madebiscuitsandputthemintheoven."

Shestraight-uprefusedtogivemetherecipe,becauseitwashardandtookalongtimetomake.Inhermind,itwasawasteoftime.

Gettingoffthephone,itoccurredtomethatspendingeverydayofyourlifeservingahusbandandfivechildrenwasn'tfunatall.AndthentherearethegrandchildrenwhoeventuallycomealongdemandingCloudBiscuits,awholenewexpandedsetofpeopletofeed.

Shewasbasicallyaslavetothosehungrymouths,cookingscratchmealsthreetimesaday.

Whenshewasn'ttrappedinthekitchen,shehadtokeepthehouseclean,makesureshelookedgoodenoughtobesociallyacceptable,andmakesureherkidsandhusbandlookedgoodenoughtobesociallyacceptable.Andshehadnodaysoff.

Iknowmygrandmalovesherkidsandhergrandkids,herhusbandandthelifesheled,butman,itmusthavebeenalotofthankless,mindlesslabor.

Nowondereveryonewentall-inonprocessedfoodswhentheycamearound.Imaginethenicebreaksomethinglikeamicrowavedinnerwouldgiveawomanworking,unpaid,forherfamilyeverysingleday?

Ialsohadanothergrandma.ShewasascholarwhohelpedfoundtheCenterfortheStudyofWomeninSocietyatUniversityofOregon.Shewasapioneeringsecond-wavefeministwhowrotebooks,gavelecturesandtraveledtheworld.

But,shedidallofthatafterdivorcingmygrandpa,whenmostofherkidswereoutofthehouse.Backthen,inthe1950sandthe1960s,therewasnoillusionaboutwomen"havingitall".Howcouldthatevenpossiblyhappen?Ifyouweretakingcareofafamily,waitingonyourhusband,youhadnotimetofollowyourdreams,unlessyoumadethatyourdream.

Alotofwomentookthatapproach.WecallitStockholmSyndromenow.

Andofcourse,thesewomenIamtalkingaboutareupper-middle-classwhitewomen.Romanticizingthe1950sisespeciallydisgustingwhenyouthinkabouthowwomenofcolorandpoorwomenweretreatedbackthen,andthelackofeducationandchoicesavailabletothem.

Becausethewomeninthiscountrydemandedsomethingapproachingequality,Holtehasthechancetoliveoutherfantasy.NoteverywomaninAmericaissolucky.

Westilldon'thavepayequalityandinmanystates,westilldon'thaveautonomyoverourownbodies.Poorwomenandwomenofcolorstilllacktheopportunitiesoftheirwealthyandwhitepeers.

Andwhileit'sgettingbetter,womenarestillexpectedtoberesponsiblefortheemotionallaborofrunningahouseholdandraisingthechildren.

Butatleastwecangetjobs.Atleastwedon'thavetosewourownclothes,wearafullfaceofmakeupeverydayandspendhoursmakingCloudBiscuitssomeungratefulkidwillwolfdown,barelyrememberingtosaythankyou.（1）Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthefutureourforemothersfoughtfor?A.

Watchingshowslike"ILoveLucy"andlisteningtovinylrecordings.B.

Havingthefreedomtomakechoicesintheirdailylife.C.

MakingCloudBiscuitsfortheirkidsandhusbands.D.

Makingsuretheirkidsandhusbandssociallyacceptable.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph13referto?A.

Writingbooks,givinglecturesandtravelingtheworld.B.

Divorcinghusbandwhenkidswereoutofhouse.C.

Takingcareofafamilyandwaitingonhusband.D.

Women'sillusionabout"havingitall".（3）Whatdoesthe"StockholmSyndrome"inparagraph14reallymeaninthepassage?A.

WomenhavebeenusedtotheunfairtreatmentathomeB.

Womennowadayslikethewayoflifeinthe1950s.C.

Victimsendupsympathizingwiththeabusers.D.

Womenhavethechancetoliveouttheirdreams.（4）Theauthorthinksofthelifeofa1950shousewifeas________.A.

fantastic

B.

admirable

C.

awful

D.

unforgettable（5）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Itwasawasteoftimetogivegrandchildrentherecipe.B.

AllwomenarenotluckytofollowtheirowndreamsinAmericanow.C.

Housewivesreceivedrecognitionfortheireffortsfromfamilymembers.D.

Theupper-middle-classwhitewomendidabetterjobinrunningthehousehold.（6）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.

Toshowgreatappreciationtohergrandmas.B.

Tocallonhousewivestoclaimthepayforthehouseworktheyundertake.C.

Todrawreaders'attentiontothesituationswomenface,especiallythosepoorandofcolor.D.

Toarousewomen'sawarenessofequalpayatwork.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C（5）B（6）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，同时想让读者注意到女性所面临的处境，尤其是那些贫穷的有色人种。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Everyoneshouldbesoluckyastogettodecidewhattheywearandhowtheyspendtheirtime.That'sthefutureourforemothersfoughtfor.”每个人都应该很幸运，能够决定自己穿什么，如何度过时间。这就是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，可知，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来。故选B。（2）考查代词指代。根据第十三段中的“Ifyouweretakingcareofafamily,waitingonyourhusband,youhadnotimetofollowyourdreams,unlessyoumadethatyourdream.”如果你要照顾一个家庭，服侍你的丈夫，你就没有时间去追求你的梦想，除非你把它当成你的梦想，可知，that指代的其实是前面的内容，也就是takingcareofafamily,waitingonyourhusband。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第十四段中的“Alotofwomentookthatapproach.WecallitStockholmSyndromenow.”很多女性采取了这种方式。我们现在称之为StockholmSyndrome，可知，我们现在把1950s很多女性接受了这个方式生活下去的这个现象称作StockholmSyndrome。根据上文可知，1950s很多女性的生活方式则是——照顾家庭、服侍丈夫、没有时间去追求自己的梦想，这对女性来讲是不公平的，故选A。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ithinkit'simportanttorememberthatbeinga1950shousewifewasactuallytotallyawful,andsomethingourgrandmothersandmothersfoughtagainst.”我认为重要的是要记住，作为一个50年代的家庭主妇实际上是非常糟糕的，这是我们的祖母和母亲所反对的。可知，作者认为20世纪50年代家庭主妇的生活很糟糕。故选C。（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“

Holtehasthechancetoliveoutherfantasy.NoteverywomaninAmericaissolucky.”霍尔特有机会实现她的梦想。不是每个美国女人都这么幸运。可推知，在美国，并不是所有的女性都有机会追逐自己的梦想。故选B。（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段“Westilldon'thavepayequalityandinmanystates,westilldon'thaveautonomyoverourownbodies.Poorwomenandwomenofcolorstilllacktheopportunitiesoftheirwealthyandwhitepeers.”我们仍然没有薪酬平等，在许多州，我们仍然没有对自己身体的自主权。贫困妇女和有色人种妇女仍然缺乏与富裕和白人妇女同等的机会。由可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是让读者注意到女性所面临的情况，尤其是那些贫穷和有色人种的情况。。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，词义猜测和推理判断四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Forallthetechnologicalwondersofmodemmedicine,healthcare-withitsfaxmachinesandclipboards(写字板)—isoutofdate.Thisoutdatederaisslowlydrawingtoacloseastheindustrycatchesupwiththeartificial-intelligence(AI)revolution.

EricTopol,anexpertinheartdiseaseandenthusiastfordigitalmedicine,thinksAIwillbeparticularlyusefulforsuchtasksasexaminingimages,observinghearttracesforabnormalitiesorturningdoctors'wordsintopatientrecords.Itwillbeabletousemassesofdatatoworkoutthebesttreatments,andimproveworkflowsinhospitals.Inshort,AIissettosavetime,livesandmoney.

ThefearsomepeoplehaveisthatAIwillbeusedtodeepentheassembly-linecultureofmodemmedicine.Ifitgivesa"giftoftime"todoctors,theyarguethatthisbonusshouldbeusedtoextendconsultations,ratherthansimplyspeedingthroughthemmoreefficiently.

Thatisafineidea,butashealthswallowsanever-biggershareofnationalwealth,greaterefficiencyisexactlywhatisneeded,atleastsofarasgovernmentsandinsurersareconcerned.Otherwise,richsocietiesmayfailtocopewiththeneedsofageingandgrowingpopulations.Anextrafiveminutesspentchattingwithapatientiscostlyaswellasvaluable.TheAIrevolutionwillalsoenablemanagerialaccountantstoadjustandevaluateeveryaspectoftreatment.Theautonomyofthedoctorwillsurelybeweakened,especially,perhaps,inpublic-healthsystemswhichareduty-boundtocutunnecessarycosts.

TheHippocraticOath(誓言)holdsthatthereisanarttomedicineaswellasascience,andthat“warmth,sympathyandunderstandingmayoutweighthesurgeon'sknifeorthechemist'sdrug”.There'slotsofsenseinit:thepatientsofsympatheticphysicianshavebeenshowntorecoverbetter.Yetasthesupplyofhumancarersfailstosatisfythedemandforhealthcare,thefuturemayinvolveconsultationsonsmartphonesandmeasurementsmonitoredbychatbots.Theconsideratelywarmedstethoscope(听诊器),placedgentlyonapatient'sback,maybecomearelicofthepast.（1）What'sDrTopol'sattitudetowardAI'scomingintomedicine?A.Concerned.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.（2）Whatdoestheauthorofthetextattachmoreimportanceto?A.Medicalcosts.B.Nationalwealth.C.Longerconsultation.D.Greaterefficiency.（3）WhyistheHippocraticOathmentioned?A.ToprovethebrightfutureofAI.B.Toshowtheadvantageofahumandoctor.C.Toexplainmedicalequipmentismoreimportant.D.Toargueahumandoctorperformsaswellasarobot.（4）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthcareandAIB.AIanditsapplicationsC.DoctorsandPatientsD.DrTopolanddigitalmedicine【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，尽管现代医学创造了许多技术奇迹，但医疗保健——包括传真机和剪贴板——已经过时了。随着人工智能革命的到来，这个过时的时代正在慢慢接近尾声。作者认为人工智能旨在节省时间、生命和金钱，对提高效率是很有帮助的。但同时也指出人类医生可以和机器人表现得一样好。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“EricTopol,anexpertinheartdiseaseandenthusiastfordigitalmedicine,thinksAIwillbeparticularlyuseful”可知Topol医生认为认为人工智能将特别有用，即他对人工智能进入医学界是持乐观态度的，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Thatisafineidea,butashealthswallowsanever-biggershareofnationalwealth,greaterefficiencyisexactlywhatisneeded,atleastsofarasgovernmentsandinsurersareconcerned.”可知作者认为但随着健康吞噬了越来越多的国家财富，提高效率正是我们所需要的。即作者更注重提高效率。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There'slotsofsenseinit:thepatientsofsympatheticphysicianshavebeenshowntorecoverbetter.”有同情心的医生的病人康复得更好。可推理作者提到HippocraticOath的目的在于指出人类医生的优势。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讨论人工智能即将进入现代医学界，就此展开讨论。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Wemaybelivinginthedigitalagebutreadingbooksisstillabigpartofgrowingup.Whenthey'reinprimaryschool,childrenreadbooksthatreallychallengethem.Butoncetheyreachsecondaryschool,thelevelofdifficultydoesn'tchangemuch.Secondaryschoolstudentstendtoreadbookswhicharealsoreadbyupperprimarystudents.Theyarenotchallengingthemselvesenough.

Todiscoverthesetrends,IanalyzeddatacollectedbyAcceleratedReader(AR)software,whichaskspupi