英语课件话题二 家庭、朋友与周围的人

第一部分

话题培优话题二

家庭、朋友与周围的人重难点突破表达能力提升核心素养培优

家庭、朋友与周围的人（Family，friends

and

people

around）下的子话题分别为家人和亲友（Family

and

relatives）、朋友（Friends）、其他人（Other

people）。家庭、朋友与周围的人都是我们平时生活中最亲近的人，想要自如地表达关于家庭、朋友与周围的人的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。重难点突破011.指示代词

【观察】①

Those

are

my

parents.

②

Oh,

and

these

are

my

brothers.

③

Kate,

this

is

my

friend

Jane.

④

That's

my

grandfather.

【探究】

分类用法近指（时间或空间上较近的人或事物）this指代可数名词单数these指代可数名词复数远指（时间或空间上较远的人或事物）that指代可数名词单数those指代可数名词复数【拓展】（1）回答主语是this

或that

的疑问句时，在答语中用it来代替问句中的this

或that；回答主语是these或

those的疑问句时，在答语中用they来代替问句中的these或

those。

（2）在电话用语中，常用this指自己，that指对方。（3）比较级中可用that指代上文提到的同类事物，如果指代对象是复数，则用those。【运用】

单项选择。（1）—Hello,

Linda

speaking.

Who's

___?—Hello,

this

is

Martin.CA.he

B.she

C.that

D.this（2）—Is

that

Lucy's

notebook?—Yes,

___

is.AA.it

B.that

C.those

D.they（3）The

weather

in

Shenzhen

is

much

hotter

than

___

in

Beijing.CA.it

B.one

C.that

D.those根据汉语意思完成句子。（4）这些是我的笔。__________

my

pens.These

are（5）我是玛丽。________

Mary

speaking.This

is2.hope的用法【观察】①

We

hope

to

see

you

again.

=

We

hope

that

we

can

see

you

again.②

I

hope

you

can

help

me

with

my

math.【探究】hope作动词，意为“希望”，常用结构：hope

to

do

sth.希望做某事。hope之后还可接that

从句，意为“希望……”。【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）她说她希望见到她的女儿。She

said

she

hoped

_______her

daughter.to

see（2）我希望你能成功。I

______________

you

can

succeed.hope

（that）3.一般将来时【观察】①

People

will

have

robots

in

their

homes.②

I

shall

be

eighteen

years

old

next

year.③

I'm

going

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.【探究】一般将来时的基本结构：主语+will/shall/be

going

to+动词原形。一般将来时的标志词：later,soon,in

a

month（in+一段时间）,next

time,from

now

on,tomorrow等。一般将来时的常见用法：（1）“Will/Shall+动词原形”表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态（指客观上将来势必发生的事情）。如：The

concert

will

start

in

a

minute.（2）“be

going

to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事（指主观判断将来肯定发生的事情）。如：What

are

you

going

to

do

next

Sunday?Look

at

the

dark

clouds.

There

is

going

to

be

a

storm.【拓展】一般将来时的其他表达：（1）“be

about

to+动词原形”和“be

to+动词原形”，表示即将发生的动作，意为“很快；马上”。如：The

train

is

about

to

start.（2）go,

come,

leave,

stay,

start,

begin

等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如：She

is

going

there

tomorrow.（3）表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作可用一般现在时表示将来的情况。如：We're

going

to

Changchun.

Our

plane

takes

off

at

8：10.（4）在

if,

as

soon

as,

until,

when

等引导的时间状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。如：If

it

doesn't

rain

this

afternoon,

we'll

have

a

football

match.【运用】

单项选择。（1）（2022·温州中考）—Lydia,

have

you

decided

which

city

to

travel

to,

London

or

New

York?—Not

yet.

Maybe

I

___

London

to

meet

my

friends

this

time.CA.visit

B.visited

C.will

visit

D.was

visiting（2）（2022·北京中考）Don't

lose

heart.

If

you

keep

working

hard,

you

___

some

day.AA.will

succeed

B.succeed

C.succeeded

D.have

succeeded（3）（2022·百色中考）I

don't

know

if

it

____

tomorrow,

but

if

it

______,

I'll

stay

at

home.A.will

rain；rains

B.will

rain；will

rainC.rains；will

rain

D.rains；rainsA（4）—Let's

discuss

the

plan,

shall

we？—Not

now.

I

___

an

interview.CA.had

B.would

haveC.am

going

to

have

D.was

going

to

haveA（5）The

ship

___

in

10

minutes.CA.left

B.is

left

C.leaves

D.has

left（6）（2023·连云港中考）To

make

the

environment

much

better,

more

trees___

next

year.DA.plant

B.will

plant

C.are

planted

D.will

be

planted4.辨析

there

be与have【观察】①

There

will

be

only

one

person

to

get

the

money.②

There

is

going

to

be

a

sports

meeting

next

week.③

I

have

two

books

and

a

pen.④

He

has

a

big

family.【探究】（1）there

be

句型表示“存在；有”，即什么地方或什么时间存在什么人物或事物。其中

be

动词有时态、人称和单复数变化。如果有两个或两个以上的词作主语，be

动词要和最靠近它的那个词在人称和数上保持一致。（2）there

be

句型的将来时为：

there

will

be

或者

there

is

going

to

be。（3）have/has表示“某人拥有某物”。当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用

has;

其他人称作主语时，谓语动词用

have。【运用】

单项选择。（1）There

___

a

boy

and

two

girls

on

the

playground.CA.are

B.has

C.is

D.have（2）（2022·天津中考）We

hope

___

a

computer

on

every

student's

desk

in

the

future.CA.there

is

B.there

was

C.there

will

be

D.there

has

been（3）My

grandparents

___

4

lovely

pets.AA.have

B.there

is

C.has

D.there

are5.辨析few,

a

few,

little与a

little【观察】①

I

knew

few

people

there.②

I

have

only

a

few

books.③

They

have

very

little

money.④

A

little

water

is

enough.【探究】few

和

a

few

修饰可数名词复数，few

表示否定意义，a

few

表示肯定意义；little

和

a

little

修饰不可数名词，little

表示否定意义，a

little

表示肯定意义。【运用】单项选择。（1）This

is

a

very

old

song,

so___

young

people

know

it.AA.few

B.little

C.a

few

D.a

little（2）There

aren't

many

oranges

here,

but

you

can

take

___

if

you

want.BA.few

B.a

few

C.a

little

D.little（3）Shanghai

Waihuan

Tunnel

is

already

open

to

traffic,

so

it

will

take

us

___

time

to

go

to

Pudong

International

Airport.DA.a

few

B.fewer

C.a

little

D.less（4）In

order

to

keep

healthy,

you

should

eat

____

fast

food,______

fresh

vegetables

and

take

enough

exercise.A.fewer;

fewer

B.less;

more

C.fewer;

more

D.less;

lessB（5）（2022·郴州中考）—Hurry

up,

or

we

will

miss

the

school

bus.—Don't

worry.

We

have

___

time.CA.few

B.little

C.a

littleB6.辨析family,

home,

room与house【观察】①

Jeff

's

family

is

having

a

yard

sale.②

My

family

are

watching

TV

now.③

He

is

studying

at

home

now.④

He

is

not

in

the

room

now.⑤

I

want

a

big

house

with

a

big

garden.【探究】单词含义用法family家，家庭作主语时，谓语动词用单数家庭成员或人口作主语时，谓语动词用复数home家；家乡；故乡指个人或家庭住所/所在地，通常含有感情色彩room房间作可数名词，指房子里的“房间”house房屋；住宅指居住的建筑物【运用】

用family,

home,

room

或house

填空。（1）I'd

like

to

book

a

______

with

a

view

of

the

lake.（2）Linda

bought

a

big______for

her

parents

in

her

hometown.（3）Almost

every_______in

the

country

owns

a

television.（4）Sally

considers

Xi'an

as

her

second______because

she

has

lived

there

for

ten

years.roomhousefamilyhome7.ask的用法【观察】①

My

mom

asked

to

go

alone.②

He

asks

me

not

to

swim

in

the

river.③

If

you

have

questions,

you

can

ask

the

teacher

for

help.④

My

teacher

asked

me

about

my

family.【探究】【运用】

单项选择。（1）Jessica

found

it

difficult

to

remember

new

words.

So

she

asked

her

teacher

___

advice.AA.for

B.to

C.at

D.in（2）These

parents

asked

the

teacher

___

the

exam

results

of

their

children.CA.for

B.by

C.about

D.with用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。（3）My

parents

ask

me

not______（go）

out

after

9

p.m.

They

think

it's

too

dangerous

for

me.to

go8.辨析both与all【观察】

①

Both

my

sister

and

I

study

in

this

middle

school.②

They're

all

good

players,

but

she's

the

best

of

all.【探究】单词用法例句both表示“两者都”，其反义词为neitherMy

parents

both

like

Beijing

Opera.all表示“三者或三者以上都”，其反义词为noneBill

is

the

tallest

of

all

the

boys.【运用】

用both或all填空。（1）It's

our

dream

to

have

less

and

less

pollution

in

our

city.

I

think

_____

the

government

and

our

citizens

should

do

something

for

it.（2）____the

passengers

must

show

their

ID

cards

and

tickets

to

the

station

workers

when

they

get

through

the

railway

station

entrance.bothAll9.similar

的用法【观察】①

We

have

very

similar

interests.②

My

opinion

is

similar

to

yours.③

The

two

cities

are

similar

in

many

ways.【探究】

（1）

similar作形容词，意为“相似的；类似的”，可在句中作定语或表语。（2）

常用固定短语有：be

similar

to…

“与……相似”,其反义短语是be

different

from…

“与……不同”；be

similar

in…“在……方面相似”。【运用】

根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）研究表明，成功的语言学习者在很多方面都是相似的。Research

shows

that

successful

language

learners

_____________

many

ways.are

similar

in（2）国与国之间的文化与风俗是不同的。Cultures

and

customs

are

very

_____________

country

to

country.different

from（3）我的观点和我们班大部分学生的是相似的。My

opinion

____________

that

of

most

students

in

my

class.is

similar

to表达能力提升02Ⅰ.补全对话

（2022·广安中考改编）根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。A:

Hi,

Tom!

You

look

very

happy

today!B:

Oh,

yes.

Guess

what?

My

best

friend

Ben

is

coming.A:

Really?

1.____________________________________?B:

Tomorrow.

I

can't

wait

to

see

him.A:

2.______________________________?B:

He

will

stay

with

me

for

two

weeks.When

is

he

coming/When

will

he

comeHow

long

will

he

stay

with

youA:

3._______________?B:

He

is

really

friendly.

I'm

sure

you

will

like

him

when

you

see

him.A:

4.______________________?B:

He

is

tall

and

strong.

He

plays

football

well.A:

Could

you

introduce

him

to

me?B:

5.____________________________.What

is

he

likeWhat

does

he

look

likeOf

course/Sure/No

problem/OKⅡ.书面表达

（2023·陕西中考）假如你是李涛，你们学校英语社团正在开展以“感恩”为主题的征文活动。请你认真阅读以下通知，并按要求用英语写一篇短文，参加此次活动。NoticeDear

students,

Fathers

play

a

very

important

role

in

our

life.

Today

is

Father's

Day.

How

will

you

thank

him?

Please

write

a

short

passage

about

your

plan.

Here

are

some

questions

to

help

you.

●What

do

you

want

to

say

to

him?

●What

are

you

going

to

do

for

him?

●Why

are

you

going

to

do

that?

We

are

looking

forward

to

your

passage.School

English

Club

参考词汇：cook

a

meal,

make

a

gift,

take

a

walk

with

him,

delicious,

special,

…

要求：1.

短文必须包括所给要点，选择使用参考词汇，可适当发挥；

2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；

3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；

4.词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）

Today

is

Father's

Day.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I

want

to

do

something

meaningful

for

him.

First,

I

will

cook

a

meal

for

him.

My

father

is

very

busy

but

he

often

makes

delicious

food

for

me.

So

I

want

to

thank

him

and

let

him

have

a

rest.

Also,

I

plan

to

make

a

special

gift

by

myself.

I

think

he

will

like

it.

Last,

I

am

going

to

take

a

walk

with

him.

I

can

tell

him

interesting

stories

to

make

him

happy.

All

in

all,

I

really

love

my

father.

And

I

really

want

to

say:

“I

love

you,

Dad.”核心素养培优03Ⅰ.完形填空

（2023·安徽中考）阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

At

the

2023

Shenzhen

Marathon（马拉松）,

45-year-old

Luo

Shujian

crossed

the

finishing

line

with

his

13-year-old

son

Xiaobai,

who

was

in

a

special

push-chair.

They

.

.1.

.

the

half-marathon

race

in

an

hour

and

59

minutes.

The

son

was

born

with

cerebral

palsy（脑性瘫痪）.

He

had

to

stay

indoors,

but

his

father

decided

to

give

him

a

.

.2.

.

and

happy

life

by

taking

up

marathons

with

him.

However,

the

decision

was

challenging

（挑战性的）

because

Luo

had

no

.

.3.

.

experience.

He

had

to

.

.4.

.

at

4

a.m.

to

practice

running

before

work.

Whenever

he

got

chances,

he

would

take

his

son

with

him

to

races,

.

.5.

.

half-marathons.

Now

Xiaobai

likes

to

watch

the

world

from

his

push-chair

with

his

father

during

races.

Though

he

cannot

express

feelings

in

.

.6.

.,

he

shows

them

through

expressions

and

body

language.

He

claps

his

hands

and

smiles

to

show

his

.

.7.

..

The

other

runners

are

friendly

and

.

.8.

.

them

on

as

they

pass.

Their

marathon

races

have

.

.9.

.

them

to

Chengdu

to

see

pandas,

to

Beijing

to

climb

the

Great

Wall,

and

to

Lanzhou

to

take

photos

along

the

Yellow

River.

Luo

plans

to

keep

.

.10.

.

with

his

son

to

allow

Xiaobai

to

live

the

best

life

he

can.1.(

)

A.held

B.finished

C.cancelled

D.watchedB2.(

)

A.full

B.silent

C.short

D.boringA3.(

)

A.reading

B.sporting

C.writing

D.actingB4.(

)

A.hang

out

B.break

away

C.give

in

D.get

upD5.(

)

A.really

B.luckily

C.especially

D.strangelyC6.(

)

A.order

B.wonder

C.words

D.numbersC7.(

)

A.doubt

B.pity

C.honesty

D.happinessD8.(

)

A.put

B.cheer

C.train

D.inviteB9.(

)

A.taken

B.handed

C.avoided

D.translatedA10.(

)

A.drawing

B.ringing

C.waiting

D.runningDⅡ.阅读理解第一节：阅读下面两篇短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。（A）（2023·枣庄中考）

The

thing

that

I

really

miss

most

is

playing

with

my

friends.

We

were

a

big

group

of

around

15

friends

or

more.

We

usually

played

ball

in

the

parking

lot.

Our

neighbors

often

talked

about

our

faults

because

sometimes

the

ball

hit

the

cars

or

broke

the

street

lights,

most

of

the

time

we

shouted

too

loudly

and

made

them

annoyed.

We

played

every

day

from

about

4

p.m.

to

6

p.m.

After

that,

we

went

back

home

to

take

a

shower,

have

dinner

and

then

met

again.

In

the

evening,

we

talked

about

many

different

topics

such

as

collecting

stamps,

fishing,

cartoons,

and

popular

film

stars.

Even

though

some

of

us

had

a

different

opinion

about

something

sometimes,

we

never

had

an

angry

argument

with

each

other.

A

few

years

later,

we

stopped

playing

because

we

grew

up.

We

didn't

have

enough

time

to

do

things

together.

Some

of

us

started

college,

others

got

married

or

moved

away.

The

group

started

to

be

smaller

and

smaller.

Sometimes

we

didn't

see

each

other

for

a

long

time.

Nowadays,

I

don't

hear

from

them.

I

wish

I

could

meet

them

again

to

remember

all

those

good

times

that

we

had

in

our

childhood.1.The

underlined

word

“annoyed”

in

Paragraph

1

means

“___”.CA.deaf

B.happy

C.angry

D.surprised2.How

often

did

they

play

together?(

)

AA.Every

day.

B.Once

a

week.C.Twice

a

week.

D.Three

times

a

week.3.They

stopped

playing

after

some

years

because

___.DA.they

started

college

B.they

moved

awayC.they

were

married

D.they

grew

up（B）（2023·随州中考）

During

my

last

year

of

junior

high

school,

our

teacher,

Mrs.

Debby,

gave

us

a

quiz

（测试）.

I

was

a

hard-working

student

and

I

did

well

in

all

subjects.

I

finished

the

question

successfully

until

I

read

the

last

one:

What

is

the

first

name

of

the

woman

who

cleans

the

school?

Of

course

I

thought

that

must

have

been

a

joke.

I

saw

the

cleaning

woman

every

day.

She

was

short

and

about

50

years

old.

She

had

dark

hair.

But

how

could

I

know

her

name?

I

had

never

talked

with

her

before.

In

fact,

I'd

never

even

thought

about

talking

to

her.

I

looked

at

my

paper

and

started

to

feel

rather

guilty

（内疚的）.

Finally,

I

handed

in

my

paper,

leaving

the

last

one

unanswered.

Before

the

quiz

ended,

one

student

asked

if

the

last

question

would

be

counted

in

our

grades.

“Of

course,”

the

teacher

said.

“In

your

life,

you

will

meet

many

people.

They

are

all

important.

They

deserve

（值得）

your

attention

and

care,

even

if

all

you

do

is

to

smile

and

say

hello.”

I've

never

forgotten

that

lesson.

Everyone

deserves

my

attention

and

I

should

get

to

know

all

of

the

people

who

work

and

live

around

me.

That

was,

perhaps,

the

most

important

lesson

in

my

life.

Later,

I

also

learned

that

the

cleaning

woman's

first

name

was

Hannah.1.We

can

know

from

the

passage

that

the

writer

___

during

junior

high

school.CA.was

not

hard-workingB.didn't

like

to

go

to

schoolC.did

well

in

all

subjectsD.always

talked

with

the

cleaning

woman2.What

was

the

writer's

answer

to

the

last

question

of

the

quiz?(

)

DA.“Debby.”

B.“I

don't

know.”C.“Hannah.”

D.He

didn't

answer

it.3.By

the

last

question

of

the

quiz,

the

teacher

wanted

to

tell

the

students

that

___.CA.they

should

work

hardB.they

should

learn

from

each

otherC.they

should

pay

attention

to

all

the

people

around

themD.they

should

clean

the

school

by

themselves第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（C）（2022·衡阳中考改编）

Parents

can

be

very

important

teachers

in

our

lives.

1.___

Parents

may

be

too

close

to

their

children

emotionally

（感情上）.

Sometimes

they

can

only

see

their

children

through

the

eyes

of

a

protector.

2.___

However,

it

might

seem

too

dangerous

for

a

parent.BE

Another

problem

is

that

parents

may

expect

their

children's

interests

to

be

similar

to

their

own.

3.___

But

what

if

their

children's

true

love

is

art

or

writing,

or

car

repair?

Parents

usually

want

to

pass

on

their

values

to

their

children.

But

should

children

always

believe

what

their

parents

do?4.___

But

when

they

get

older,

they

will

have

different

ways

of

thinking.

The

most

important

thing

to

realize

is

that

we

all

have

many

teachers

in

our

lives.

Our

parents

teach

us,

our

teachers

teach

us,

and

our

friends

teach

us.

5.___

All

of

them

are

valuable.AFDA.

If

they

love

science,

they

may

try

to

force

their

children

to

love

science,

too.B.

However,

they

are

not

always

the

best

teachers.C.

Teachers

are

always

ready

to

help

their

students.D.

Books,

newspapers

and

televisions

also

teach

us.E.

For

example,

a

teacher

might

see

a

trip

to

a

big

city

as

a

valuable

experience.F.

When

children

are

young,

they

believe

that

their

parents

are

always

right.G.

Children

always

believe

that

their

parents

are

right.Ⅲ.完成句子：根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。1.儿童和成年人应该享有平等的权利。Children

and

adults

____________

equal

rights.should

have2.她希望在下次比赛中获得金牌。She

is

______________

the

gold

medal

in

the

next

competition.hoping

to

win3.她太小了，不能骑自行车。She

is

___________________

to

ride

a

bicycle.too

little/young/small4.他的房间和我的很相似。His

room

is

_______to

mine.similar5.我妈妈经常让我帮她做家务。My

mother_____

me

to

help

her

__________

often.asksdo

choresⅣ.短文填空

（2023·烟台中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）chance,

serious,

enjoy,

change,

reach,

this,

you,

make,

come,

be

Recently

an

old

friend

phoned

me

to

ask

about

the

success

I

had

in

my

life

and

how

I

achieved

it.

He

has

similar

goals

as

me:

get

in

shape,

get

into

music

more

1._________,

and

be

good

at

Japanese.

I

haven't

completely

2.________

my

long-term

goals

yet

in

any

of

these

3

things.

He

thinks

that

I've

made

some

progress

on

my

journey

to

achieving

3.______goals

and

I

can

give

him

some

advice.seriouslyreachedthese

We

had

a

nice

talk

for

an

hour

on

the

phone

and

he

seemed

pretty

encouraged.

A

week

went

by

and

he

sent

me

photos

of

him

learning

Japanese

and

music.

He

also

trained

with

the

help

of

a

personal

fitness

coach.

He

developed

the

habit

of

posting

（发布）

regularly

online

all

of

the

progress

he

was

4.________.

He

was

doing

great.

Every

weekend

he

would

post

his

new

progress

and

I

really

enjoyed

reading

it!

Of

course,

I

will

have

to

let

him

know

that

making

progress

5.___

not

easy.

He'll

meet

some

difficulties

on

the

road.

However,

I'm

letting

him

6.______

the

new

achievements

now

and

will

help

him

out

when

that

time

7._______.makingisenjoycomes

I'm

thankful

for

him

giving

me

the

8._______

to

serve

him

and

give

him

advice,

and

I'm

thankful

to

see

that

he's

spending

the

time

and

money

to

improve

his

life.

He

has

even

told

me

how

thankful

he

is

with

all

the

recent

9.________

in

his

life.

Even

if

you

haven't

reached

your

goals,

it's

good

to

realize

how

far

you've

gone.

Be

proud

of

10.________and

know

how

much

you

can

help

others

ach