人教英语话题二十三 历史与社会

第一部分

话题培优话题二十三

历史与社会重难点突破表达能力提升核心素养培优

历史与社会（History

and

society）属于《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》话题项目表中第二十三个话题，二级子话题分别为中国历史与世界历史（History

of

China

and

the

world）、著名人物（Famous

people）。该话题较为突出地体现了人文性，想要自如地表述有关历史与社会方面的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。重难点突破011.

belong

to

的用法

【观察】

It

must

belong

to

Carla.

【探究】belong

to意为“属于”，其后跟名词或代词作宾语，没有被动语态。belong

to

sb.通常可以和“be+名词性物主代词/名词所有格（一般是’s所有格）”互相转换。如：

It

belongs

to

Mary.=

It

is

Mary’s.【运用】单项选择。（1）The

French

book

must___.

She’s

the

only

one

that

is

studying

French.BA.belong

to

Lily’s

B.belong

to

LilyC.belongs

to

Lily’s

D.belongs

to

Lily

同义句转换。（2）That

black

bag

belongs

to

Gina.___________________________That

black

bag

is

Gina’s.2.

情态动词表推测

【观察】①

The

hairband

must

belong

to

Linda.

②

Mr.

Smith

can’t

be

teaching

in

this

school.

③

The

boy

may

be

13

years

old.

【探究】（1）must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定会；肯定会”，只用于肯定句中。

（2）can表推测时通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could比can更委婉，更不确定。can’t和couldn’t均表示“不可能”。

（3）may和might表示推测时，might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。may

not和might

not均表示“可能不”。【运用】单项选择。（1）（2021·怀化中考）—Is

the

man

Mr.

Yang?

—It___

be

him.

He

has

gone

to

Changsha

for

a

meeting.CA.needn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t（2）（2021·菏泽中考）—I

wonder

if

these

are

Jim’s

glasses.

—They___

be

his.

He

doesn’t

wear

glasses.CA.could

B.must

C.can’t（3）—What

do

you

think

“upset”

means?

—I’m

not

sure.

It___

mean“sad”.BA.must

B.may

C.can

D.should（4）（2021·湘潭中考）Richard___

be

at

home

because

he

phoned

me

from

the

office

just

now.CA.needn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t（5）—___I

finish

my

homework

now?

—No,

you___.

Your

work

is

over

today.BA.Can’t;

must

B.Must;

don’t

have

toC.May;

couldn’t

D.Couldn’t;

could（6）He

isn’t

at

school.

I

think

he___

be

ill.DA.can

B.shall

C.must

D.might3.

辨析

pleasant，pleased，pleasing

与

pleasure

【观察】①

The

school

trip

is

tiring

but

pleasant.

②

She

was

very

pleased

with

her

exam

results.

③

The

new

building

was

pleasing

to

the

eye.

④

It

is

a

pleasure

for

me

to

work

with

you.

【探究】（1）pleasant意为“令人愉快的；吸引人的”，侧重由于外界作用而产生在主观上的感觉，在句中可作表语或定语。

（2）pleased的主语通常是人，表示“感到高兴或满意的”，在句中常作表语。

（3）pleasing通常用来修饰物，意为“令人高兴的；令人满意的”，侧重于客观上起的作用。

（4）pleasure作名词，意为“快乐；愉快；欣慰；荣幸；乐事”。【运用】用

pleasant，pleased，pleasing

或

pleasure填空。（1）Her

teacher

is

quite________

that

she

has

got

such

a

good

chance.pleased（2）We

spent

a________

day

in

the

country.pleasant（3）The

food

is________

to

my

taste.pleasing（4）Watching

sports

games

gave

him

great________.pleasure表达能力提升02Ⅰ.补全对话

根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。

A:

Hi,

Lily.

Will

you

go

to

the

concert

in

our

school

tomorrow?

B:

Sorry,

I

am

flying

to

China

tomorrow.

A:

Oh,

good

news.1.

___________________________.

B:

Yes,

I

am

excited

but

a

little

nervous.You

must

be

excited

about

it

A:2.

____________________？

B:

Because

I

don’t

know

many

of

the

customs

and

manners

in

China.

Could

you

give

me

some

advice?

A:3.__________.

B:

What

should

I

do

when

I

am

invited

to

a

Chinese

friend’s

home?Why

are

you

nervousOf

course

A:4.________________________.

So

you

should

be

on

time.

B:

I

know.

5.______________________________？

A:

Yes.

But

if

you

can’t

use

them,

you

can

use

spoons

instead.

B:

Thanks

for

your

advice.

A:

You’re

welcome.It’s

impolite

to

arrive

lateAm

I

supposed

to

use

chopsticksⅡ.书面表达

（2022·江西中考改编）学校决定开展向航天女英雄王亚平学习的英文演讲活动，请你按下面表格要求写一篇演讲稿。写作要点具体内容Personal

informationAge:

43Birthplace:

a

small

village

in

Shandong

ProvinceHobby:

sportsPersonalitypersistenceYour

plans

要求：1.短文应包括表格中所有的写作要点，条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；

2.短文中不能出现你的真实姓名和校名；

3.词数：不少于70。（短文开头及结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。）

Hello,

everyone!

It’s

my

honor

to

introduce

an

astronaut

hero—Wang

Yaping.

Wang

is

a

43-year-old

woman

born

in

a

small

village

in

Shandong

Province.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Doing

sports

is

her

hobby

and

she

exercises

every

day.

As

we

all

know,

she

is

proud

of

China

and

loves

our

motherland

very

much.

To

achieve

her

astronaut

dream,

she

always

overcomes

the

difficulties

in

training

and

never

gives

up.

She

deserves

our

highest

respect

for

her

persistence

in

hard

training._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank

you!

Wang

is

an

example

to

us

all.

In

the

future,

I

will

work

hard

for

our

country

like

her.

I

will

run

every

day

to

have

a

strong

body.

Also,

I

am

going

to

make

a

weekly

plan

and

study

hard

to

improve

myself.

What’s

more,

no

matter

how

hard

it

is,

I’ll

stick

to

my

dream.核心素养培优03Ⅰ.完形填空

阅读下面短文,

按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

Karl

Marx

was

born

in

Germany

on

May

5th,

1818.

When

he

.

.1.

.

a

child,

he

was

forced

to

leave

his

country

again

and

again.

He

lived

in

Belgium,

England

and

some

other

countries.

His

mother

tongue

was

German

and

at

school

he

.

.2.

.

French

and

English,

but

he

felt

his

English

was

poor.

So

he

.

.3.

.

up

his

mind

toimprove

his

English.

He

began

to

work

hard

.

.4.

.

it.

He

made

so

much

progress

.

.5.

.he

could

soon

read

English

newspapers

and

write

English

articles.

However,

there

were

two

things

that

he

thought

were

too

difficult

for

him—the

grammar

and

some

of

the

idioms

（习语）.

He

often

encouraged

himself

by

saying

“.

.6.

.

I

keep

on

trying,

I’ll

make

even

greater

progress.”

At

the

same

time,

his

close

friend,

Engels,

often

wrote

to

praise

him

for

his

hard

work

in

learning

English.

In

one

of

Marx’s

books,

he

gave

people

who

were

learning

a

foreign

language

some

advice

on

how

to

learn

it

well.

He

said

a

foreign

language

was

necessary

for

a

person

to

have

a

.

.7.

.

future.

He

said

a

person

should

transfer

every

word

he

heard

to

the

foreign

language

he

was

learning.

If

he

could

do

this,

it

would

be

possible

for

him

.

.8.

.

the

language

freely.

In

April,

1841,

he

.

.9.

.

his

doctor’s

degree.

After

that,

he

began

to

write

articles

for

a

newspaper.

He

wrote

about

the

housing

problems

of

poor

people

and

their

hard

life..

.10.

.

he

tried,

he

did

his

best.

During

the

1840s,

Marx

and

Engels

wrote

a

book

together.

These

words

of

theirs

became

very

famous:

“Working

men

of

all

countries,

unite（联合）!

”1.(

)A.was

B.were

C.is

D.beA2.(

)A.has

learned

B.was

learning

C.learns

D.learnedD3.(

)A.has

made

B.makes

C.made

D.was

makingC4.(

)A.on

B.at

C.in

D.forB5.(

)A.that

B.what

C.when

D.howA6.(

)A.But

B.If

C.And

D.AsB7.(

)A.bad

B.better

C.well

D.worseB8.(

)A.using

B.use

C.to

use

D.usedC9.(

)A.receive

B.receives

C.has

received

D.receivedD10.(

)A.Whoever

B.Whenever

C.Whatever

D.HoweverCⅡ.阅读理解

（2022·苏州中考）阅读下面短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的一个最佳答案。

On

warm

winter

days,

Yang

Liheng,

89,

enjoys

sitting

by

the

window

and

looking

through

old

photos.

These

photos

bring

him

joy

and

happiness

once

more.

For

Yang,

one

of

the

long-expected

activities

during

the

Spring

Festival

is

to

take

photos

with

family

members.

On

the

early

morning

ofthe

second

day

of

the

Chinese

New

Year

when

the

whole

family

reunite,

he

would

dress

up

and

wait

for

the

photo

to

be

taken.

Yang

became

a

photographer

in

the

late

1950s.

With

his

camera,

Yang

recorded

the

great

changes

of

his

hometown

over

time.

“I

had

a

painful

childhood,

but

I

got

a

chance

to

be

a

photographer

after

the

founding（成立）of

the

People’s

Republic

of

China,”

Yang

told

Beijing

Review.

“I

want

to

record,

in

the

form

of

photographs,

the

local

customs,

the

scenes

and

people’s

brave

spirit

of

fighting

against

the

hard

conditions

here

in

my

hometown.”

“I

used

to

take

pictures

for

everyone

else,

but

seldom

turned

my

camera

at

my

family

members,”

Yang

said.

“My

grandson

gave

me

the

idea

to

record

the

growth

and

development

of

my

own

family.”

Taking

family

photos

then

became

a

tradition

for

Yang’s

family.

Though

now

some

of

his

grandchildren

are

working

and

living

in

other

cities,

they

try

their

best

to

return

home

during

the

Spring

Festival

and

prepare

for

the

special

moment.

Last

year

was

an

important

year

for

Yang

Liheng.

Most

of

his

photos

were

displayed

in

Yinchuan

to

show

the

development

of

the

area

over

the

past

sixty

years.1.What

does

Yang

expect

most

during

the

Spring

Festival?(

)CA.Wearing

new

clothes.

B.Having

a

big

dinner.C.Taking

a

family

photo.

D.Visiting

his

relatives.2.What

does

the

underlined

word

“reunite”

in

Paragraph

2

mean?(

)DA.Get

separated.

B.Get

much

wealthier.C.Get

improved.

D.Get

together

again.3.What

is

the

main

idea

of

Paragraph

3?(

)DA.When

Yang

was

interviewed.B.Where

Yang

learnt

to

take

photos.C.Why

Yang

had

a

painful

childhood.D.What

Yang

recorded

with

his

camera.4.What

do

we

know

about

Yang’s

family?(

)AA.It

is

full

of

love.

B.It

is

full

of

mysteries.C.It

is

a

rich

family.

D.It

is

having

a

hard

time.Ⅲ.短文填空

（2022·陕西中考）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）he,

live,

final,

lucky,

people,

much,success,

achieve,

meet,

be

In

October

2021,

a

local

newspaper

told

a

story

of

a

common

man,

Jia

Shuangdeng.

He

1.___

from

Shaanxi

Province.

He

not

only

works

hard

but

has

helped

many

deaf

people

2._____

a

better

life

as

well.

islive

At

the

age

of

14,

something

3.________

happened

to

Jia

and

turned

him

into

a

deaf

person.

Sad

and

heartbroken,

he

had

to

leave

school

and

learned

by

4.________

at

home

for

more

than

two

years.

Later,

with

other

5.________

help,

he

cheered

up

and

made

a

living

by

making

shoes.

He

6._____

many

difficulties

but

he

faced

them

bravely

and

kept

on

working

hard.

7._______

his

shoes

became

popular

and

sold

well.

After

a

few

years,

he

started

his

own

factory

and

it

was

8.__________.

However,

he

didn’t

forget

those

who

had

helped

him.

So

he

decided

to

unluckyhimselfpeople’smetFinallysuccessfulhelp

the

people

in

need.

These

years,

he

has

offered

many

deaf

people

chances

to

work.

What

he

did

has

benefited

（有益于）

lots

of

deaf

people.

“The

person

I

want

to

thank

9.______

in

my

life

is

Mr.

Jia.

Thanks

to

him,

I’ve

got

a

good

job

and

have

a

happy

life

now.

He

always

tells

us

although

we

are

disabled,

we

can

also

10.________

our

dreams

by

working

hard,”

said

Xie

Ting,

who

was

helped

by

Jia.mostachieveⅣ.任务型阅读

（2021·六盘水中考改编）阅读下面短文,

根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

Li

Bai

was

born

in

701.

He

was

also

given

the

name

“Taibai”.

The

name

meant

“Venus”

in

ancient

Chinese.

Legend

says

that

before

Li

Bai

was

born,

his

mother

dreamt

that

Venus

fell

into

her

arms.

Some

people

believed

that

Li

Bai

was

a

god.

When

Li

Bai

was

five

years

old,

his

family

settled

in

a

town

in

today’s

Sichuan

Province.

Making

Iron

into

a

Needle

There

is

a

legend

about

Li

Bai.

He

was

not

a

very

hard-working

student

when

he

was

young.

He

often

skipped

school.

One

day

when

he

was

walking

by

the

river,

he

saw

an

old

woman.

She

was

working

on

a

large

piece

of

iron.

He

asked,

“What

are

you

doing?”

She

said,

“I’m

making

a

needle.”

“But