2025-2026学年浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，AExercisingLeadership:HarvardXFoundationalPrinciplesDuration4weeks,2-3hoursperweek;startfromNov.5.AboutthiscourseThecrisesofourtimegenerateenormousadaptivechallengesforourfamilies,organizations,communities,andsocieties.Theneedforleadershipthatcanmobilizepeopletomeetthesechallengesandimprovelifeiscritical.Inthisintroductorycourse,youwillexplorestrategiesforleadinginachangingworldwhereadaptivepressureswillcontinuetochallengeallofus.Youwilldiscovernewwaystoapproachcomplexorganizationalsystemsandtakethoughtfulactionontheworkweallfaceahead.Mostimportantly,youwillreflectonhowtomoveforwardontheleadershipchallengesyoucareaboutmost.Ataglance·Institution:HarvardX·SubjectBusiness&Management·Level:Introductory·Language:English·VideoTranscript:English·Associatedskills:LeadershipWhatyou'lllearnInthisshortintroductorycourse,youwilldiscoveradiagnostic-and-actionprocessforexercisingleadershipthatexploresthefollowingfoundationalprinciplesandstrategies:·Howtoidentifyandbreakdowncomplexchallenges.·Howtounderstandtheroleofformalandinformalauthority.·Howtobuildandrenewtrustrelationships.·Howtoapproachconflict.AbouttheinstructorRonaldHeifetz:Founder,CenterforPublicLeadership.1.Whatistheminimumtimerequiredtocompletethiscourse?A.2hours. B.3hours. C.8hours. D.12hours.2.Whoisthecourseintendedfor?A.Individualsfacingleadershipchallenges. B.Experiencedmanagersintechcompanies.C.Professionalsseekingleadershipcertificates. D.Highschoolstudentsplanningtolearnbusiness.3.Whatkeyskilldoesthecourseteach?A.Rebuildingtrustbonds. B.Buildingpersonalauthority.C.Avoidingdailyconflicts. D.Maintainingcomplexsystems.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学领导力基础课程，主要包含课程时长、内容、适用人群及教学目标等信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据中“Duration”部分“4weeks,2-3hoursperweek;startfromNov.5.(4周，每周需2-3小时，从11月5日开始)”可知，最小总时间为每周最少2小时×4周=8小时。故选C。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据“Aboutthiscourse”部分第一段的“Theneedforleadershipthatcanmobilizepeopletomeetthesechallengesandimprovelifeiscritical.(对于能够动员民众共同应对这些挑战并改善生活的领导能力的需求至关重要。)”以及第二段的“Mostimportantly,youwillreflectonhowtomoveforwardontheleadershipchallengesyoucareaboutmost.(最为重要的是，您需要思考如何应对您最为关注的领导方面的挑战并继续前行。)”可知，需要领导力来应对这些挑战，思考如何应对领导方面的挑战，因此推断这项课程针对的是面临领导力挑战的个人。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据“Whatyou'lllearn”部分的“Inthisshortintroductorycourse,youwilldiscoveradiagnostic-and-actionprocessforexercisingleadershipthatexploresthefollowingfoundationalprinciplesandstrategies:……Howtobuildandrenewtrustrelationships.(在这门简短的入门课程中，您将了解到一种用于开展领导工作的诊断与行动流程，该流程涵盖了以下基本原理和策略：……如何建立和修复信任关系)”可知，这门课程教授的主要技能有：重建信任纽带”。故选A。BLastyear,mydadwasdiagnosedwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(肌萎缩性侧索硬化症)—aprogressiveandfataldisease.It’salreadytakenmydad’sabilitytotalkandeatnormally.Thereisnocure.Whenhetoldmeabouthisdiagnosis,Iknewtwothingsinstantly:IwantedtospendasmuchtimewithhimaspossibleandifIwasgoingtobelivinginmychildhoodhome,Iwouldneedahobby.Thoughneverskilledatcrafts,I’vealwaysfoundcomfortintextiles.Mymother,whohadknittedagranny-squareblanketinhertwenties,wasgametore-learnhowtodoit.Inheryouth,Grannysquaresbecametheafter-dinnerroutineandsoonIwaschurningoutdozensofmulticoloredsquares.Anditfeltlikethisprojectwas,maybe,helping?“It’sincrediblymindful,”saysGabrielleGatto,adeatheducatorinourcommunity.“That’spartofreallysittingwithsomething.”OnaTuesdayevening,Gattosetsupasnacktableinsidethecemetery`schurch,preparingforthestartofhermonthlyinteractiveworkshop,“Grieving&Weaving.”“Ithinkitwasimportanttohavethatinthenameaswell,”shesays.“Wearegoingtotalkaboutgrief,deathandloss.Butwe'realsogoingtocreatehappymemoriestogether,eatinganddrinkingabunchofthings.”It’saprojectthathadbeensittinginherclosetformonths.Earlierthisyear,afterbothhergrandmothersdied,shelostwhatshecallsthe“knittinglight”forawhile.Rafferty,whoisalsoatherapist,saysshealmostskippedtheworkshoptostayhomewithherdog,butshe’sgladshedidn't—beinghereistherapeutic.AsGattosays,afterall,it'snottheendproductthat'sthetherapy.It’stheactofdoingit.“Abigthingwithgriefismovingthroughitbothmentallyandphysically,”Gattosays.“Andthat'sexactlywhatwedohere.Webringsomethingthatismaybeheavyonourmindsorourhearts.Andthenweworkwithourhands.Weworkwithit,andweworktogether.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“game”inparagraph2mean?A.Resistant. B.Hesitant. C.Curious. D.Willing.5.Whydidtheauthorturntoknittingafterherfather'sdiagnosis?A.Tocreateagiftforherfather. B.Tofollowhermother'shobby.C.Toseekcomfortanddistraction. D.Tomasteranewprofessionalskill.6.WhatisRafferty'sattitudetotheworkshop?A.Cautious. B.Supportive. C.Critical. D.Dismissive.7.WhatisthekeytothetherapyprocessaccordingtoGatto?A.Forgettingsadnessbykeepingbusy. B.Creatingavaluableproductasasymbol.C.Achievinghighefficiencythroughteamwork. D.Turninginnerpainintoasharedphysicalactivity.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者父亲确诊肌萎缩性侧索硬化症后，作者与母亲重拾编织寻求慰藉；社区教育者Gatto开设“悲伤与编织”工作坊，治疗师Rafferty参与后认为其有疗效，Gatto强调治疗关键是动手编织与共同面对悲伤的过程。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Mymother,whohadknittedagranny-squareblanketinhertwenties,wasgametore-learnhowtodoit.Inheryouth,Grannysquaresbecametheafter-dinnerroutineandsoonIwaschurningoutdozensofmulticoloredsquares.(我母亲二十多岁时织过方块毯，她很game重新学习编织。她年轻时织方块毯是晚饭后的日常，很快我就织出了几十个彩色方块。)”可知，母亲曾有编织经历且后续作者也参与，推测game意为“愿意的”，与Willing一致。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thoughneverskilledatcrafts,I’vealwaysfoundcomfortintextiles...Anditfeltlikethisprojectwas,maybe,helping?(虽不擅长手工，但我总能从纺织品中找到慰藉……且感觉这个项目或许有帮助？)”可知，作者转向编织是为寻求慰藉、转移焦虑。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Rafferty,whoisalsoatherapist,saysshealmostskippedtheworkshoptostayhomewithherdog,butshe’sgladshedidn’t—beinghereistherapeutic.(Rafferty也是一名治疗师，她说她差点儿没有参加这个工作坊，而是呆在家里陪她的狗，但她很高兴自己没有这样做（呆在家里）——而来这里是一种治疗。)”可知，Rafferty认可工作坊的作用，持支持态度。故选B。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Abigthingwithgriefismovingthroughitbothmentallyandphysically,”Gattosays.“Andthat'sexactlywhatwedohere.Webringsomethingthatismaybeheavyonourmindsorourhearts.Andthenweworkwithourhands.Weworkwithit,andweworktogether.”(Gatto说：“悲伤的一大问题是在精神上和身体上都要克服它。这正是我们在这里所做的。我们带来了一些可能在我们的思想或心灵上很沉重的东西。然后我们用双手工作。我们和它一起工作，我们一起工作。”)”可知，治疗关键是将内心痛苦转化为共同的体力活动。故选D。CPicturethis,youwintwoticketstoasold-outconcertandeagerlytexttoaskyourfriendsifthey’dliketojoin.Therecomestheirresponse“Maybe.”Yourmoodimmediatelyturns,foryouneedtowaitfortheirdecisionsbeforeyoucanfigureoutyourplansfortheconcert.Ifyou’veexperiencedanythingliketheaboveanecdote,you’renotalone.Peopleresponding“maybe”toinvitationsisacommonyetannoyingaspectofsociallife.Whatgoesoninpeople’sheadswhentheyaren’tsurewhethertoacceptaninvitation?Socialinvitationscanbeadelicatedance.Peopleoftenmisreadwhatsomeoneextendinganinvitationwantstohearandoverestimateaninviter’slikelihoodofpreferringa“maybe”overa“no.”Moreover,theyfailtorealizehowmuchmoredisrespectedpeoplefeelwhentheyreceivea“maybe”inresponsetotheirinvitation.Naturally,wewantedtofigureoutwhythisawkwarddynamicplaysout.Wefoundthatit’slargelyduetosomethingcalled“motivatedreasoning.”Motivatedreasoningoccurswhenapersoninterpretsinformationinabiased(有偏差的)waytosuittheirownwishes.Inotherwords,inviteesconvincethemselvesthatinviterswanttohear“maybe”insteadof“no”becausea“maybe”isbetterfortheinvitees,allowingthemtoleavetheiroptionsopen.Besides,peopletendtooverestimatethenegativeconsequencesofsaying“no”toinvitations,thinkingitwillupset,angeranddisappointinviters.However,therewerecertainsituationsthatmadepeoplemorecomfortablesaying“no”toaninvitation.Whenrecipientsofaninvitationputthemselvesintheshoesofthepersonextendingtheinvitation,theyaremorelikelytorealizethatthey’dprobablypreferadefiniteanswer.Whentheparticipantsgetinvitedtodosomethingtheydidn’twanttodo,theyhadnodesiretokeeptheiroptionsopen.Themotivatedreasoningthenbecameirrelevant.Whilenavigatingsocialsituationscanbetricky,beingdirectanddefiniteissometimesbest.Itmightreduceyouroptions.Butit’llkeepthosewhoinviteyoufrombeingleftuncertainandmaybethey’llstillthinkofyouwhenthenextconcertcomestotown.8.Whyistheconcertanecdotementionedatthebeginning?A.Toexplainthebackgroundoftheinvitation. B.Tostresstheimportanceofquickreplies.C.Toencourageimmediatedecision-making. D.Tointroduceacommonsocialsituation.9.Whatisthemainreasonfortheresponseof“maybe”toaninvitation?A.Abiasedinterpretationofsocialcues. B.Adesireforharmoniouscommunication.C.Anunderestimationofrefusalconsequence. D.Anunderstandingoftheinviter’sexpectation.10.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestioninthelastparagraph?A.Keepingyouroptionsopenforbetterplans. B.Acceptinginvitationstomaintainfriendships.C.Prioritizingclearresponseoveropenoptions. D.Thinkingtwicebeforerefusinganinvitation.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePsychologybehind“Maybe” B.TheHiddenConsequenceof“Maybe”C.“Maybe”:APoliteEscapefromConflict D.“Maybe”:APerfectSolutiontoInvitations【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象，分析其背后原因及特定应对情况，并给出直接回应的建议。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Picturethis,youwintwoticketstoasold-outconcertandeagerlytexttoaskyourfriendsifthey’dliketojoin.Therecomestheirresponse“Maybe.”Yourmoodimmediatelyturns,foryouneedtowaitfortheirdecisionsbeforeyoucanfigureoutyourplansfortheconcert.(想象一下，你赢得了两张售罄音乐会的门票，急切地发短信问朋友是否愿意一起去。他们回复“也许吧”。你的心情立刻变了，因为你需要等他们做决定，才能确定自己的音乐会计划)”以及第二段中的“Ifyou’veexperiencedanythingliketheaboveanecdote,you’renotalone.Peopleresponding“maybe”toinvitationsisacommonyetannoyingaspectofsociallife.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历，你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知，作者开头提及音乐会轶事，是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wefoundthatit’slargelyduetosomethingcalled“motivatedreasoning.”Motivatedreasoningoccurswhenapersoninterpretsinformationinabiased(有偏差的)waytosuittheirownwishes.Inotherwords,inviteesconvincethemselvesthatinviterswanttohear“maybe”insteadof“no”becausea“maybe”isbetterfortheinvitees,allowingthemtoleavetheiroptionsopen.(我们发现，这在很大程度上是由一种叫做“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时，就会发生动机性推理。换句话说，受邀者会说服自己，邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”，因为“也许”对受邀者更有利，能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知，人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Whilenavigatingsocialsituationscanbetricky,beingdirectanddefiniteissometimesbest.Itmightreduceyouroptions.Butit’llkeepthosewhoinviteyoufrombeingleftuncertainandmaybethey’llstillthinkofyouwhenthenextconcertcomestotown.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手，但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择，但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态，而且当下一场音乐会来临时，他们或许还会想到你)”可知，作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应，而非保留选择余地。故选C项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。DYourbehaviortodaycouldaffectyourbrainactivityintwoweeks’time,newresearchsuggests.Thesefindingshavesignificantimplicationsforourmentalhealthaswellasourattention,cognitionandmemory.Ourbehaviorandourbrainsarecloselylinked.Andyet,themajorityofstudiesonlytakeasnapshotofourlivedexperience.“Weknowlittleabouttheresponseofbrainfunctionalconnectivitytoenvironmental,physiological,andbehavioralchangesondifferenttimescales,fromdaystomonths,”saidTriana,aprofessorfromAaltoUniversity.Toinvestigatetheseeffects,Trianaandhiscolleaguestrackedtheirownbrainactivityandbehavioroverafive-monthperiodusingacombinationofbrainscans,wearabledevicesandtheirsmartphones.“WestudiedbrainactivityusingFMRI(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging),sleepandphysicalactivitypatternsusingasmart-ring,heartandrespirationratesusingasmartwatch,andmoodusingquestionnairespromptedontheirsmartphone,”Trianasaid.Triana’sbrainwasscannedtwiceaweek,followedbyqualitative(定性的)datafrommoodsurveys.Theteamidentifiedtwodistinctbrainpatternsinresponsetospecificbehaviors:ashort-termwavelastinglessthanaweekandalong-termwavelastingupto15days.Theshort-termwavewasreflectiveofrapidresponsestoabehavior,likestrugglingtofocusafterapoornight’ssleep.Meanwhile,thelong-termwavesuggestsmoregradual,lastingeffectsofaparticularbehavior.Thesewereparticularlyapparentinareasofthebraintiedtoattentionandmemory.Inotherwords,aworkoutorrestlessnightfromtwoweeksagocouldstillbeaffectingyou—positivelyornegatively—today.Whilethisstudyonlyshowsthebrainactivityofoneindividual,theresearchershopethatitdemonstratestheimportanceofstudyingbrainactivityinthecontextofourwiderlifestyleandbehavior,ratherthanasinglesnapshotinthelab.“Thisresearchisimportantbecauseitprovidesamorecomprehensiveanddynamicviewofbrainfunction,highlightingthelong-termimpactofeverydaybehaviouronbrainhealth,”Trianasaid.12.WhatinspiredTrianatoconductthestudy?A.Hercolleagues’priorresearchfindings. B.Agapinlong-termbrainbehaviorstudy.C.Ademandtoupgradedigitalequipment. D.Thewideuseofbrainscanningtechnology.13.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A.Bytrackingtheparticipant’ssleepingpattern.B.Byanalyzingbraindataandpersonalmoodreport.C.Byusingonlydatafromthemostadvancedscanner.D.Byinterviewingparticipantshowtheyfeltafterscanning.14.WhatisthekeyfindingoftheTriana’sresearch?A.Behaviorshavelastingeffectsonbrains. B.Brainscanscanbesttrackmoodchanges.C.Short-termwavesmattermoreformemory. D.Poorsleepaffectsthebrainforover15days.15.Whatisexpectedoffuturebrainresearch?A.Morepreciselaboratoryshots. B.Brainactivityinreal-lifesituations.C.Promotionofbrainfunctionandhealth. D.Short-termeffectsofspecificbehaviors.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究表明一个人当前的行为可能在两周后仍影响大脑活动，对心理健康、注意力、认知和记忆有重要影响。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段Triana的话“Weknowlittleabouttheresponseofbrainfunctionalconnectivitytoenvironmental,physiological,andbehavioralchangesondifferenttimescales,fromdaystomonths,

(我们对大脑功能连接在不同时间尺度（从几天到几个月）上对环境、生理和行为变化的反应知之甚少)”可知，Triana研究的动机是填补长期研究的空白。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“WestudiedbrainactivityusingFMRI(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging),sleepandphysicalactivitypatternsusingasmart-ring,heartandrespirationratesusingasmartwatch,andmoodusingquestionnairespromptedontheirsmartphone,

(我们通过功能性磁共振成像（FMRI）研究大脑活动，通过智能戒指研究睡眠和身体活动模式，通过智能手表研究心率和呼吸频率，并通过智能手机上弹出的问卷调查研究情绪)”可知，研究者是通过分析大脑数据和个人情绪报告来进行研究的。故选B。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesewereparticularlyapparentinareasofthebraintiedtoattentionandmemory.Inotherwords,aworkoutorrestlessnightfromtwoweeksagocouldstillbeaffectingyou—positivelyornegatively—today.(这在与注意力和记忆相关的脑区表现得尤为明显。换句话说，两周前的一次锻炼或一个不眠之夜，至今仍可能对你产生影响——无论是积极的还是消极的)”可知，行为对大脑有着持久的影响。故选A。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whilethisstudyonlyshowsthebrainactivityofoneindividual,theresearchershopethatitdemonstratestheimportanceofstudyingbrainactivityinthecontextofourwiderlifestyleandbehavior,ratherthanasinglesnapshotinthelab.

(虽然这项研究仅展示了一个人的大脑活动情况，但研究人员希望它能表明，在研究大脑活动时应将其置于我们更广泛的生活方式和行为背景之下，而非仅仅局限于实验室中的单一瞬间)”可知，未来应该研究现实生活中的大脑活动。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoElectricVehiclesMakePeopleMoreCarsick?Withelectricvehicles(EVs)gainingsignificantpopularityglobally—accountingfor22%ofnewcarsalesin2024—manypassengersreportexperiencingincreasedmotionsicknesscomparedtotraditionalvehicles.Socialmediaplatformsarefilledwithsuchpersonalexperiences,particularlyfromthoseridinginpassengerorbackseats.___16___AprimaryreasonforthisphenomenonisthelackoffamiliaritywithEVmotionpatterns.AsWilliamEmond,aPhDresearcherinFrancespecializinginmotionsickness,explains,people’sbrainsheavilydependonpastexperiencestopredictandinterpretmotion.___17___Forinstance,experienceddriversnaturallyexpectaccelerationafterhearingenginerevsinfuel-poweredcars,butEVsoperatewithoutsuchfamiliarauditorysignals.___18___RecentresearchindicatesthatspecificseatvibrationsandthecompleteabsenceoftraditionalenginenoiseinEVscontributesignificantlytomotiondiscomfort.Furthermore,theregenerativebrakingsystems—innovativetechnologythattransformskineticenergy(动能)intobatterypower—causeanunusuallygradualslowdown.___19___Beyondthis,motionsicknessfundamentallyoccurswhenthebrainreceivescontradictorysensorysignalsaboutbodymovement.Theinnerear,visualcues,andphysicalsensationssendmixedmessagestothebrain,creatingwhatexpertscalla“neuralmismatch”.___20___Thismechanismexplainswhydriversthemselvesrarelyexperiencecarsickness—theycontrolandpredictthevehicle’smovements.A.Suchlong-termconflictcantriggermotionsicknesssymptoms.B.AnothercontributingfactoristhatEV-specificfeaturesaddtotheproblem.C.Somemanufacturersareimprovingsuspensionsystemstominimizevibrations.D.Driversusuallydon’texperiencecarsicknessduetotheircontroloverthevehicle.E.Thistechnologylengthensthestoppingprocessandmayworsenfeelingsofsickness.F.WithoutpreviousEVexperience,thebrainhastostruggletoestimateforcesaccurately.G.Inregardtothisphenomenon,researchershaveidentifiedseveralscientificexplanations.【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.E20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了电动汽车比传统汽车更易让人晕车的原因，从人们对电动汽车运动模式不熟悉、电动汽车的特定特征，以及大脑接收矛盾感官信号引发“神经不匹配”等方面进行了科学解释。【16题详析】根据前文“Withelectricvehicles(EVs)gainingsignificantpopularityglobally—accountingfor22%ofnewcarsalesin2024—manypassengersreportexperiencingincreasedmotionsicknesscomparedtotraditionalvehicles.Socialmediaplatformsarefilledwithsuchpersonalexperiences,particularlyfromthoseridinginpassengerorbackseats.(随着电动汽车在全球范围内大受欢迎——2024年占新车销量的22%——许多乘客表示，与传统汽车相比，他们晕车的情况更严重了。社交媒体平台上充斥着这样的个人经历，尤其是那些坐在副驾驶或后座的人)”可知，前文引出了电动汽车易让人晕车的现象，此处应引出对该现象的科学解释。G选项“Inregardtothisphenomenon,researchershaveidentifiedseveralscientificexplanations.(关于这一现象，研究人员已经找到了一些科学解释)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G项。【17题详析】根据前文“AprimaryreasonforthisphenomenonisthelackoffamiliaritywithEVmotionpatterns.AsWilliamEmond,aPhDresearcherinFrancespecializinginmotionsickness,explains,people’sbrainsheavilydependonpastexperiencestopredictandinterpretmotion.(这种现象的一个主要原因是人们对电动汽车的运动模式不熟悉。法国专门研究晕动病的博士研究员威廉·埃蒙德解释说，人们的大脑严重依赖过去的经验来预测和解读运动)”可知，此处是在说明因缺乏电动汽车相关经验，大脑难以应对。F选项“WithoutpreviousEVexperience,thebrainhastostruggletoestimateforcesaccurately.(没有以往电动汽车的经验，大脑难以准确估算力量)”解释了因为缺乏相关经验，大脑难以应对，与前文逻辑连贯，符合语境。故选F项。【18题详析】根据后文“RecentresearchindicatesthatspecificseatvibrationsandthecompleteabsenceoftraditionalenginenoiseinEVscontributesignificantlytomotiondiscomfort.(最近的研究表明，电动汽车特有的座椅振动和传统引擎噪音的完全缺失是导致运动不适的重要原因)”可知，此处是在说电动汽车的特定特征加剧了晕车问题。B选项“AnothercontributingfactoristhatEV-specificfeaturesaddtotheproblem.(另一个促成因素是电动汽车的特定特征加剧了这个问题)”能很好地总领该部分内容，符合语境。故选B项。【19题详析】根据前文“Furthermore,theregenerativebrakingsystems—innovativetechnologythattransformskineticenergy(动能)intobatterypower—causeanunusuallygradualslowdown.(此外，再生制动系统——将动能转化为电池能量的创新技术——会导致异常平缓的减速)”可知，此处是在解释再生制动系统对晕车的影响。E选项“Thistechnologylengthensthestoppingprocessandmayworsenfeelingsofsickness.(这项技术延长了停车过程，可能会加剧恶心感)”进一步说明了该技术的影响，符合语境。故选E项。【20题详析】根据前文“Beyondthis,motionsicknessfundamentallyoccurswhenthebrainreceivescontradictorysensorysignalsaboutbodymovement.Theinnerear,visualcues,andphysicalsensationssendmixedmessagestothebrain,creatingwhatexpertscalla“neuralmismatch”.(除此之外，晕动病从根本上说是当大脑接收到关于身体运动的矛盾感官信号时发生的。内耳、视觉线索和身体感觉向大脑传递混合信息，形成了专家们所说的“神经不匹配”)”可知，此处是在说明“神经不匹配”会引发晕车症状。A选项“Suchlong-termconflictcantriggermotionsicknesssymptoms.(这种长期的冲突会引发晕车症状)”说明这种“神经不匹配”（长期冲突）会导致晕车，符合逻辑，且与后文解释司机很少晕车的原因相呼应。故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyfriendKarenandherhusbandDavidwereacquaintedwithanelderlylady,Rose,whofellillwithnoonetohelpher.Thoughnot___21___,theyofferedtoactlikefamily.Foryears,theytookturns___22___Roseinherhome,thenmovingherintoanassisted-livingfacilityandeventuallyintoanursinghomeduetoher___23___health.However,Rosewasdifficulttogetalongwith.Shewouldtakethemoutfordinnerbutthen___24___whattheycouldorder,andcomplainedabouteverythingtheydid.Thisledtotheirconfusion,leavingthemfeelingincreasingly___25___.Oneday,Karensharedwithmethegrowingweightof___26___shefeltfromcaringforRose.WhenIaskedifshehadanyvolunteer___27___,sherespondedthatshehadnotime.Ithensuggestedthatshe___28___lookingafterRoseasvolunteerwork.Instantly,itwaslikealightbulbwenton.Karen’s___29___shifted.ShetoldDavidthesamethatnight,andtheideachangedeverything.Fromthenon,theystilldidthesamework,butas“volunteers,”itfelt___30___—nolongeraduty,butachoice.FortherestofRose’slife,theystill___31___helped,findingjoyintherole.Weoftentalkaboutvolunteering,whichmakesusfeelgood.Butthere’salsoawayto___32___aburdensomecommitmentas“volunteering”.Bydoingso,ataskwefeelforcedtodocanbecomeavoluntaryact.Let’stakeKarenandDavidasanexample.Their___33___tohelpingRoseatfirstseemedlikeanunwanted___34___.Butaftertheshift,achoreturnedintoa___35___experience.21.A.friends B.relatives C.neighbors D.colleagues22.A.lookingfor B.arguingwith C.attendingto D.checkingon23.A.improving B.ruined C.manageable D.declining24.A.limit B.recommend C.distribute D.predict25.A.guilty B.frustrated C.relieved D.excited26.A.dependence B.impact C.responsibility D.debt27.A.experience B.interest C.ambition D.training28.A.describe B.classify C.view D.dismiss29.A.emotion B.routine C.perspective D.priority30.A.lighter B.faster C.softer D.simpler31.A.reluctantly B.briefly C.faithfully D.occasionally32.A.escape B.ignore C.simplify D.redefine33.A.approach B.commitment C.objection D.attitude34.A.task B.routine C.joke D.burden35.A.rewarding B.pains-taking C.time-consuming D.refreshing【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.C29.C30.A31.C32.D33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述凯伦夫妇照料难相处的罗斯感到负担，后将其视为志愿工作，从而获得快乐的故事，点明换角度看待责任的意义。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然不是亲戚，但他们主动提出像家人一样照顾她。A.friends朋友；B.relatives亲戚；C.neighbors邻居；D.colleagues同事。根据后文“theyofferedtoactlikefamily”可知，他们并非真正的家人，即不是亲戚。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，他们轮流在家照料罗斯，后来因为她的健康状况不断恶化，把她送到了辅助生活设施，最后又送到了养老院。A.lookingfor寻找；B.arguingwith与……争论；C.attendingto照料；D.checkingon检查。根据前文“MyfriendKarenandherhusbandDavidwereacquaintedwithanelderlylady,Rose,whofellillwithnoonetohelpher.Thoughnot______,theyofferedtoactlikefamily.”可知，他们像家人一样照料生病的罗斯。故选C项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，他们轮流在家照料罗斯，后来因为她的健康状况不断恶化，把她送到了辅助生活设施，最后又送到了养老院。A.improving改善的；B.ruined被毁坏的；C.manageable可处理的；D.declining恶化的。根据后文“movingherintoanassisted-livingfacilityandeventuallyintoanursinghome”可知，罗斯的健康状况在恶化。故选D项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她会带他们出去吃饭，但之后会限制他们能点什么，还会抱怨他们所做的一切。A.limit限制；B.recommend推荐；C.distribute分配；D.predict预测。根据前文“Rosewasdifficulttogetalongwith”和后文“complainedabouteverythingtheydid”可知，罗斯难相处，会限制他们点餐。故选A项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让他们很困惑，也让他们感到越来越沮丧。A.guilty内疚的；B.frustrated沮丧的；C.relieved宽慰的；D.excited兴奋的。根据前文“Rosewasdifficulttogetalongwith”、“complainedabouteverythingtheydid”和“Thisledtotheirconfusion”可知，罗斯的行为让他们困惑且沮丧。故选B项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，凯伦跟我分享了照料罗斯给她带来的越来越重的责任感。A.dependence依赖；B.impact影响；C.responsibility责任；D.debt债务。根据前文“theyofferedtoactlikefamily”以及“Foryears,theytookturns______Roseinherhome”可知，凯伦因照料罗斯而有了沉重的责任感。故选C项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我问她是否有过志愿服务经历时，她回答说她没有时间。A.experience经历；B.interest兴趣；C.ambition抱负；D.training训练。根据后文“sherespondedthatshehadnotime”和后文的“Ithensuggestedthatshe______lookingafterRoseasvolunteerwork.”可知，此处是问凯伦是否有志愿经历。故选A项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我建议她把照顾罗斯看作是志愿工作。A.describe描述；B.classify分类；C.view看待；D.dismiss解雇。根据后文“Fromthenon,theystilldidthesamework,butas“volunteers,””可知，此处指的是建议她将照料罗斯看作志愿工作，“view...as...”为固定搭配，意为“把……看作……”。故选C项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯伦的看法改变了。A.emotion情绪；B.routine常规；C.perspective看法；D.priority优先事项。根据前文“Instantly,itwaslikealightbulbwenton.”和后文“ShetoldDavidthesamethatnight,andtheideachangedeverything.”可知，凯伦的看法发生了改变。故选C项。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，他们仍然做着同样的工作，但作为“志愿者”，感觉肩上的担子轻了——不再是一种义务，而是一种选择。A.lighter更轻松的；B.faster更快的；C.softer更柔软的；D.simpler更简单的。根据后文“nolongeraduty,butachoice”可知，心态转变后，这份工作感觉更轻松了。故选A项。【31题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在罗斯的余生里，他们仍然忠实地提供帮助，并在这个角色中找到了乐趣。A.reluctantly不情愿地；B.briefly短暂地；C.faithfully忠实地；D.occasionally偶尔。根据前文“Fromthenon,theystilldidthesamework”和后文的“findingjoyintherole.”可知，他们依然忠实地照料罗斯。故选C项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也有一种方法可以将繁重的承诺重新定义为“志愿服务”。A.escape逃离；B.ignore忽视；C.simplify简化；D.redefine重新定义。根据前文“IthensuggestedthatsheviewlookingafterRoseasvolunteerwork”以及后文“Bydoingso,ataskwefeelforcedtodocanbecomeavoluntaryact.”可知，此处指的是将繁重承诺重新定义为志愿工作。故选D项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们照料罗斯的承诺似乎是一项不受欢迎的负担。A.approach方法；B.commitment承诺；C.objection反对；D.attitude态度。根据前文“Thoughnot______,theyofferedtoactlikefamily.Foryears,theytookturns______Roseinherhome,thenmovingherintoanassisted-livingfacilityandeventuallyintoanursinghomeduetoher______health.”以及“B