2025-2026学年重庆市某中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1重庆市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIn2025,manycutting-edgeemergingtechnologiesaresteppingintothespotlight.Below,wewillfocusontheseleading-edgetechnologies,andatthesametime,explorewhethersocietyisreadyfortheirimpactthroughanecosystemreadiness(准备度)map(ERM)—thismapcovers5aspectsforeachtechnology,witheachaspectratedonafour-pointscalerangingfrom“noreadiness”to“highreadiness”.OsmoticpowersystemsItmakeselectricityfromthedifferenceinsaltlevelsbetweentwowatersources,promisingauniqueapproachtoglobalenergygeneration.BiochemicalsensingBiochemicalsensingisasmartnetworkthatcandetectandrespondtobiologicalchangesinwaterallbyitself.Thiscouldstrengthenthesafetyofwatersuppliesandthenaturalenvironment.GLP-1sGLP-1drugshavebeenproventoremoveprotein(蛋白质)linkedtothedevelopmentofAlzheimer’sandParkinson’s.Anditsimpactcouldevenshapehowwethinkabouteldercareandevenageingitself.CollaborativesensingSensorsinourproperties,cars,andworkplacesareincreasinglybeinglinkedtogetherandcombinedwithAI,leadingtobigadvancesin“collaborativesensing.”Inthefuture,thistechnologycouldtransformhowcitiesrunandhowhouseholdsandorganizationsmakedecisions.1.Whatisthescoreofthe“social”aspectofGLP-1s’ecosystemreadinessmap?A.1.5points. B.2.5points. C.3.5points. D.4points.2.Whichtechnologycontributestosmarthomes?A.Osmoticpowersystems. B.Biochemicalsensing.C.GLP-1s. D.Collaborativesensing.3.Whatdothefourtechnologieshaveincommon?A.Theyallrelyoncrucialchemicals. B.Theyallcurebrain-relateddiseases.C.Theyalladdresscriticalglobalissues. D.Theyallpromisecommercialbenefits.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个新兴技术的情况。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一个图表的示例以及GLP-1s的图表刻度，可知，“GLP-1s”生态系统准备情况图中“社会”这一方面的得分是2.5分。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Collaborativesensing部分“Sensorsinourproperties,cars,andworkplacesareincreasinglybeinglinkedtogetherandcombinedwithAI,leadingtobigadvancesin“collaborativesensing.”Inthefuture,thistechnologycouldtransformhowcitiesrunandhowhouseholdsandorganizationsmakedecisions.(我们住宅、汽车以及工作场所中的传感器正日益相互连接，并与人工智能相结合，从而在“协作式传感”领域取得了重大进展。未来，这项技术将改变城市运行的方式，以及家庭和组织做出决策的方式)”可知，Collaborativesensing有助于打造智能住宅。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Osmoticpowersystems部分“Itmakeselectricityfromthedifferenceinsaltlevelsbetweentwowatersources,promisingauniqueapproachtoglobalenergygeneration.(它利用两种水源盐度差来发电，为全球能源供应提供了一种独特的解决方案)”、Biochemicalsensing部分“Thiscouldstrengthenthesafetyofwatersuppliesandthenaturalenvironment.(这能够增强供水系统的安全性以及自然环境的保护程度)”、GLP-1s部分“GLP-1drugshavebeenproventoremoveprotein(蛋白质)linkedtothedevelopmentofAlzheimer’sandParkinson’s.Anditsimpactcouldevenshapehowwethinkabouteldercareandevenageingitself.(GLP-1类药物已被证实能够清除与阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病发病相关的蛋白质。而且其影响甚至可能改变我们对于老年人护理以及衰老本身的看法)”以及最后一部分“Sensorsinourproperties,cars,andworkplacesareincreasinglybeinglinkedtogetherandcombinedwithAI,leadingtobigadvancesin“collaborativesensing.”Inthefuture,thistechnologycouldtransformhowcitiesrunandhowhouseholdsandorganizationsmakedecisions.(我们住宅、汽车以及工作场所中的传感器正日益相互连接，并与人工智能相结合，从而在“协作式传感”领域取得了重大进展。在未来，这项技术将彻底改变城市运行方式，以及家庭和组织的决策方式)”四种技术分别对应能源、水资源安全、重大疾病以及社会生活等关键领域，皆可用于应对全球性重要议题，可知，四种技术都致力于解决重大的全球性问题。故选C。BWilsonnotedthepeoplewhomheadmiredinhisautobiography.Theyareindividualswho“concentrateallthecourageandself-disciplinetheypossesstowardasingleworthygoal:explorers,mountainclimbers,militaryheroes,andaveryfewscientists.”Wilson’sformulaforbeingaheroissimplebutdifficulttofollow.Youneedto“drivetowarddiscouraginggoalswithnervesdealtwithfailureandawillingnesstoacceptpain.”YouneedtobeascientistlikePhilipJacksonDarlington,oneofWilson’searlyheroes.Inthe1940s,DarlingtonwasinpursuitofinsectsinthejunglesofPapuaNewGuineainthesouthwestPacific.Acrocodile(鳄鱼)tookhiminitsjawsanddraggedhimunderwater.Heescaped,buthisrighthandwaspermanentlyinjured.YethewentontogreatlyexpandourknowledgeoftheinsectsofPapuaNewGuineaandotherpartsoftheworld.“Iacknowledge,”Wilsontoldus,“thattofightoffacrocodileisanactofsurvival,notproofofcharacter.Buttogowherecrocodilesliveis.”WhenWilsonwas23andreadytosetoffonhisfirstfieldtriptocollectinsectsinthetropics(热带地区),hewenttoDarlingtonforadvice.“Mostpeople,”Darlingtonshared,“takeiteasywhentheygointhefield.”HetoldWilsonnottostayonthetrailsbuttowalkinastraightlinethroughtheforest.“Trytogooveranybarrieryoumeet,”headvised.“It’shard,butit’sthebestwaytocollect.”Darlington’sadviceforantcollectingmightbeconsideredametaphorforthewayWilsonbeganhiscareerandlivedforninedecades.Lifecanbehard.Steelyourselftoit;faceitschallenges.Donotfear—thehardwayistherightway.Bebrave,bedriven,andkeepyourmindandbesteyeopen.4.WhycouldDarlingtonbeWilson’shero?A.Hediscoverednewspecies. B.HefundedWilson’sfirsttrip.C.Hepursuedsciencefearlessly. D.HetaughtWilsonaboutinsects.5.WhatdoesWilson’swordsinParagraph3mean?A.Fightingcrocodilesdefinesahero. B.Survivinganaccidentispureluck.C.Scientistsshouldavoidriskyplaces. D.Choosingtofacedangeriscourageous.6.WhatwasDarlington’ssuggestionforfieldresearch?A.Focusoncollectingcommoninsects. B.Gostraightandovercomeobstacles.C.Followtheestablishedtrailsforsafety. D.Takeiteasyandavoiddifficultbarriers.7.Whatisthemainmessageofthetext?A.Alistofpersonalheroes. B.Awarningaboutresearchrisks.C.Aninspirationtofacedifficulties. D.Arecordofscientificachievements.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了威尔逊在自传中提及敬佩的人如达林顿，达林顿曾遇鳄鱼受伤仍坚持研究，还建议威尔逊野外研究直面障碍，其经历也启发威尔逊勇敢面对生活困难。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Wilson’sformulaforbeingaheroissimplebutdifficulttofollow.Youneedto“drivetowarddiscouraginggoalswithnervesdealtwithfailureandawillingnesstoacceptpain.”YouneedtobeascientistlikePhilipJacksonDarlington,oneofWilson’searlyheroes.(威尔逊成为英雄的准则简单却难以遵循。你需要“朝着令人沮丧的目标努力，同时要能坦然面对失败，并愿意承受痛苦。”你需要成为像菲利普·杰克逊·达林顿那样的科学家，他是威尔逊早期的英雄之一)”可知，达林顿会成为威尔逊的英雄是因为他勇敢地追求科学。故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Iacknowledge,”Wilsontoldus,“thattofightoffacrocodileisanactofsurvival,notproofofcharacter.Buttogowherecrocodilesliveis.”(“我承认，”威尔逊告诉我们，“与鳄鱼搏斗是一种生存行为，并非彰显个性的表现。但去鳄鱼出没的地方却是真的对品格的证明。”)”可知，威尔逊在第三段中的这番话意味着选择面对危险就是勇敢的表现。故选D。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段““Mostpeople,”Darlingtonshared,“takeiteasywhentheygointhefield.”HetoldWilsonnottostayonthetrailsbuttowalkinastraightlinethroughtheforest.“Trytogooveranybarrieryoumeet,”headvised.“It’shard,butit’sthebestwaytocollect.”(达林顿说道：“大多数人在进入野外时都会放松下来。”他告诉威尔逊不要沿着小径行走，而要沿着一条直线穿过森林。“遇到任何障碍都要试着越过它，”他建议道，“这很难，但这是收集样本的最佳方法。”)”可知，达林顿对于实地考察的建议是直接前行，克服障碍。故选B。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段““Mostpeople,”Darlingtonshared,“takeiteasywhentheygointhefield.”HetoldWilsonnottostayonthetrailsbuttowalkinastraightlinethroughtheforest.“Trytogooveranybarrieryoumeet,”headvised.“It’shard,butit’sthebestwaytocollect.”(达林顿说道：“大多数人在进入野外时都会放松下来。”他告诉威尔逊不要沿着小径行走，而要沿着一条直线穿过森林。“遇到任何障碍都要试着越过它，”他建议道，“这很难，但这是收集样本的最佳方法。”)”以及文章通过威尔逊崇拜的英雄达林顿“无畏面对危险、坚持科学研究”的事例，以及达林顿给威尔逊的励志建议，传递出“直面困难、勇敢前行”的核心思想，可知，这篇文章的主旨是一种面对困难的鼓舞力量。故选C。CInpopularbelief,cancerbeginswhenanormalcell’sDNAchanges,allowingittomultiplyuncontrollablyandformtumors(肿瘤)thatmayspread.Yet,scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredthatso-calledcancer-drivermutations(变异)arealsowidespreadinhealthytissues.Forinstance,suchmutationsappearinaquarterofskincellsbymiddleage,overhalfofthroatcells,andnearly10%ofstomachliningcells.Similarfindingshavebeenreportedinotherpartsofthehumanbody.Whydon’tthesecellsturnintotumors?Researchersareuncoveringthatsurroundinghealthycells—somewithbeneficialmutations—cansuppresscancerousgrowth.Bysupportingthesehealthycells,wemaydevelopnewstrategiestopreventcancer.Thisnewviewstemsfromstudyingnormaltissue.Whencellsdivide,theyaccumulaterandommutations.Inorgansliketheskinorthroat,thefittestcellssurviveandexpand,whileothersareshed.Interestingly,somemutationscanhelpblockcancergrowth.Forexample,agenecalledNOTCH1,oftenmutatedinthroatcancer,mayalsoprotectagainstitbylimitingabnormalcellgrowth.Environmentalfactorsalsoinfluencecancerrisk.WhilesomechemicalscausedirectDNAdamage,others—includingairpollutionandcertainchemicalsinwaterorcosmetics—donot.Instead,theytriggerchronicinflammation(慢性炎症),whichovertimeencouragesmutatedcellstobecometumors.Forexample,airpollutioncancauselunginflammationthatpromotestumorgrowthinpeoplewhoneversmoked.Theseinsightsareshiftingcancerpreventionstrategies.Insteadoftargetingmutationsalone,scientistsnowaimtocontrolinflammation.Thisapproachcouldbenefithigh-riskgroups,suchaspeoplewithinheritedcancerrisk,formersmokers,orthosewithearlyabnormalcellchanges.Ascancerratesrisewithlongerlifespans,suchpreventivetreatmentsmayhelpmorepeopleinthefuture.8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutmutationsfromParagraph1?A.Theydon’tallleadtotumors. B.Theyareonlyfoundintumors.C.Theymostlyoccurbymiddleage. D.Theymarkthebeginningofcancer.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suppress”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Promote. B.Ignore. C.Control. D.Release.10.Howdoesenvironmentalfactorsinfluencecancerrisk?A.Bydamagingthecellsoflungs. B.Bycausinginflammationovertime.C.Bypollutingtheskinthroughcosmetics. D.Bytriggeringdirectdamageinnon-smokers.11.WhatdoesParagraph5focusonabouttheinsights?A.Theirlimitations. B.Theirmethods. C.Theirchallenges. D.Theirsignificance.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现致癌变异也广泛存在于健康组织中，并探讨了预防癌症的新策略。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet,scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredthatso-calledcancer-drivermutations(变异)arealsowidespreadinhealthytissues.(然而，科学家最近发现，所谓的致癌变异也广泛存在于健康组织中)”以及第二段中“Whydon’tthesecellsturnintotumors?(为什么这些细胞不会变成肿瘤？)”可知，并非所有的变异都会导致肿瘤。故选A。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Researchersareuncoveringthatsurroundinghealthycells—somewithbeneficialmutations—cansuppresscancerousgrowth.(研究人员发现，周围的健康细胞——其中一些具有有益的变异——可以suppress癌细胞的生长)”可知，周围的健康细胞可以抑制癌细胞的生长，故“suppress”意为“抑制，控制”。A.Promote.(促进)；B.Ignore.(忽视)；C.Control.(控制)；D.Release.(释放)。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Environmentalfactorsalsoinfluencecancerrisk.WhilesomechemicalscausedirectDNAdamage,others—includingairpollutionandcertainchemicalsinwaterorcosmetics—donot.Instead,theytriggerchronicinflammation(慢性炎症),whichovertimeencouragesmutatedcellstobecometumors.(环境因素也会影响癌症风险。虽然一些化学物质会直接损害DNA，但其他化学物质——包括空气污染以及水或化妆品中的某些化学物质——则不会。相反，它们会引发慢性炎症，随着时间的推移，慢性炎症会促使变异细胞变成肿瘤)”可知，环境因素通过随着时间的推移引起炎症来影响癌症风险。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中“Theseinsightsareshiftingcancerpreventionstrategies.Insteadoftargetingmutationsalone,scientistsnowaimtocontrolinflammation.Thisapproachcouldbenefithigh-riskgroups,suchaspeoplewithinheritedcancerrisk,formersmokers,orthosewithearlyabnormalcellchanges.Ascancerratesrisewithlongerlifespans,suchpreventivetreatmentsmayhelpmorepeopleinthefuture.(这些见解正在改变癌症预防策略。科学家们现在的目标不再是仅仅针对变异，而是控制炎症。这种方法可能会使高风险人群受益，比如有遗传性癌症风险的人、前吸烟者或有早期异常细胞变化的人。随着寿命的延长，癌症发病率上升，这种预防性治疗可能会在未来帮助更多的人)”可知，第五段主要讲述了这些见解的重要性。故选D。DAs“TheMartian”,SirRidleyScott’sfilmbasedonAndyWeir’sbook,reachesitsmostexcitingpart,theworldwatchesattemptstosaveMarkWatney,aNASAastronautleftaloneonMars,whileholdingitsbreath.Allofhumankindseemsunitedinworryforasinglelife;crowdsinAmerica,EuropeandChinacloselyfollownewsreportsabouttheeffortstobringhimhome.ThetopicofarecentNASApressconferencewasstrangelysimilar.Scientistsannouncedthediscoveryofa“potentialbiosignature”,apossiblesignoflife,inaMartianrocksample.AccordingtoNASA’sactingleader,thiscouldbe“theclearestsignoflifethatwe’veeverfoundonMars.”Thesamplehasbeensealedinametalcontainer,forfuturestudy.Unfortunately,thoseadvancedinstrumentsareonEarth,whiletheprecioussampleremainsonMars.TherockcomesfromJezero,ahugeholeontheredplanet’ssurface,whereaMarsvehiclelandedfourandahalfyearsago.Scientistsidentifieddistinctiverockformationsinavalley,namingoneparticularsample“SapphireCanyon.”Analysisshowsitcontainsorganicmolecules(分子),carbon-basedmaterials,andunusualmineralformationsthatappeartohavegrownwithintherock.Thesefeaturescontainmineralsthatunderwentchemicalreactionssimilartothoseproducedbybacteria(细菌)onEarth.Whileorganicmoleculesdon’tnecessarilyindicatelife,theirpresencealongwiththesespecialfeaturesmakesthisfindingparticularlysignificant.ThediscoveryrepresentsthestrongestpotentialevidenceoflifeeverfoundonMars.However,returningthesampletoEarthpresentsenormouschallenges.NASAhascancelledthemissiontobringthesesamplesbacktoearthduetobudgetissues.BringingsamplesfromMarsrequirescomplexoperationsincludingaMarslaunchvehicle,andareturnspacecraft.Althoughprivatecompaniesclaimtheycouldachievethisatlowercost,andChinaisplanningitsownsample-returnmission,internationalcooperationremainsunlikely.Fornow,thisexcitingdiscoverymustawaitfuturetechnologyormissionstorevealitssecrets.12.WhydoestheauthormentionthemovieinParagraph.1?A.TopraisedirectorRidleyScott. B.ToshowpublicinterestinMars.C.TointroduceAndyWeir’snovel. D.ToleadtoNASA’sannouncement.13.Whatmakesthefindingparticularlysignificant?A.Therockcontainscarbon-basedmaterials.B.Therockshowsunusualmineralformations.C.TherockcomesfromSapphireCanyoninJezero.D.Therockholdsorganicbitsandbacteria-likeminerals.14.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.NASA’sbudgetissues. B.Privatecompanies’claims.C.Technologyforfuturemissions. D.Challengesofbringingthesamplehome.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AMovie:InspiringMarsExploration.B.Discovery:OrganicMoleculesonMars.C.MarsSample:DiscoveryandReturnChallenges.D.Cooperation:InternationalEffortsforSampleReturn.【答案】12.D13.D14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章借电影《火星救援》引入，介绍NASA在火星岩石样本中发现潜在生命迹象，说明其意义，同时指出样本返回地球面临预算、技术等挑战，暂难揭秘。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“As“TheMartian”,SirRidleyScott’sfilmbasedonAndyWeir’sbook,reachesitsmostexcitingpart,theworldwatchesattemptstosaveMarkWatney,aNASAastronautleftaloneonMars,whileholdingitsbreath.Allofhumankindseemsunitedinworryforasinglelife;crowdsinAmerica,EuropeandChinacloselyfollownewsreportsabouttheeffortstobringhimhome.(在雷德利·斯科特爵士执导的这部根据安迪·韦尔所著小说改编的《火星救援》影片达到其最扣人心弦的时刻时，全世界都在关注着拯救马克·瓦特尼的努力——这位被独自留在火星上的美国宇航员。人们屏住呼吸，全神贯注地注视着这一切。整个人类似乎都为这一条生命而忧心忡忡；美国、欧洲和中国的民众都密切关注着有关将他带回地球的救援行动的新闻报道)”以及第二段“ThetopicofarecentNASApressconferencewasstrangelysimilar.Scientistsannouncedthediscoveryofa“potentialbiosignature”,apossiblesignoflife,inaMartianrocksample.(最近美国国家航空航天局的一场新闻发布会上所讨论的主题颇为相似。科学家们宣布在一块火星岩石样本中发现了“潜在的生物特征”，即可能存在的生命迹象)”可知，作者在第一段中提及这部电影是为了以此引出美国国家航空航天局的公告。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Analysisshowsitcontainsorganicmolecules(分子),carbon-basedmaterials,andunusualmineralformationsthatappeartohavegrownwithintherock.Thesefeaturescontainmineralsthatunderwentchemicalreactionssimilartothoseproducedbybacteria(细菌)onEarth.Whileorganicmoleculesdon’tnecessarilyindicatelife,theirpresencealongwiththesespecialfeaturesmakesthisfindingparticularlysignificant.ThediscoveryrepresentsthestrongestpotentialevidenceoflifeeverfoundonMars.(分析表明，该岩石中含有有机分子、碳基材料以及一些看似在岩石内部生长形成的奇特矿物质结构。这些矿物质经过的化学反应与地球上细菌产生的反应类似。虽然有机分子并不一定意味着存在生命，但它们的存在以及这些特殊特征使得这一发现具有特别重要的意义。这一发现是迄今为止在火星上发现的最具潜在生命迹象的证据)”可知，这一发现具有特别重要的意义是因为这块岩石中含有有机物质和类似细菌的矿物质。故选D。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“However,returningthesampletoEarthpresentsenormouschallenges.NASAhascancelledthemissiontobringthesesamplesbacktoearthduetobudgetissues.BringingsamplesfromMarsrequirescomplexoperationsincludingaMarslaunchvehicle,andareturnspacecraft.Althoughprivatecompaniesclaimtheycouldachievethisatlowercost,andChinaisplanningitsownsample-returnmission,internationalcooperationremainsunlikely.Fornow,thisexcitingdiscoverymustawaitfuturetechnologyormissionstorevealitssecrets.(然而，将样本带回地球面临着巨大的挑战。由于预算问题，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）已取消了将这些样本带回地球的计划。从火星带回样本需要复杂的操作，包括一枚火星运载火箭和一艘返回飞船。尽管一些私营公司声称他们能够以更低的成本实现这一目标，而且中国也在规划自己的样本带回任务，但国际合作仍不太可能实现。目前，这一令人兴奋的发现只能等待未来的技术或任务来揭开其秘密)”可知，第4段主要关注将样本带回家所面临的挑战。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“ThetopicofarecentNASApressconferencewasstrangelysimilar.Scientistsannouncedthediscoveryofa“potentialbiosignature”,apossiblesignoflife,inaMartianrocksample.(最近美国国家航空航天局的一场新闻发布会上所讨论的主题颇为相似。科学家们宣布在一块火星岩石样本中发现了“潜在的生物特征”，即可能存在的生命迹象)”结合文章借电影《火星救援》引入，介绍NASA在火星岩石样本中发现潜在生命迹象，说明其意义，同时指出样本返回地球面临预算、技术等挑战，暂难揭秘。可知，C选项“火星样本：发现与带回的挑战”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EverydaySources:Howtoevaluatereliability?Intoday’sdigitalage,socialmediafeeds,newsalerts,andinstantmessagesfloodourphones—somuchsothatwe’renotjustsurroundedbyinformation,butdrowninginamessymixoffacts,opinions,rumors,andevendeliberatemisinformation.____16____That’swhyassessingthetruthofinformationisakeylifeskill—sohowdowethentellusefulinformationfromuseless?Whenwesearchforinformation,oneofthebiggestchallengesisknowingwhichsourceswecanrelyon.Generally,themoretimeandmoneythatisputintothecreationofthematerial,themorelikelyyouaretofindreliableinformation.____17____Andtheyareunlikelytoprovideinformationfromanindividualorinstitutioncommittedtopreservingtheirreputation.Oneofthekeyfactorsindecidingwhethertotrustasourceistheauthorbehindit.Asourceismoretrustworthyifwrittenbysomeonewithrelevanttrainingoreducation.____18____Askquestionsabouttheauthor:Aretheyaninnovatororadefenderofthestatusquo?Dopeersciteoradvocatetheirwork?____19____Andsometimesastudyisconductedinordertoalignwiththegoalsorinterestsofitsfunders.Forexample,astudybackedbyanenergyfirmcouldminimizedataonenvironmentalrisks.Beawareofwordingthatindicatesjudgment.Itismoreappropriatetocomparesomethingtoanobjectivestandardthantolabelitwithwordsthatrepresentabstractconcepts.____20____A.Theseauthorsaremorelikelytoproduceoriginalworks.B.Fundingisthebiggestchallengewhenstartinganewproject.C.Forexample,say“illegal”insteadofthevagueterm“terrible”.D.Poorlydesignedsitesarefilledwithads,trackers,andpop-ups.E.Unsurprisingly,it’snevereasytotellwhichsourceswecantrust.F.Evenso,checktheiroriginalityandinfluence,notjustthedegree.G.Whopaysforresearchinfluenceswhatthestudyemphasizesorignores.【答案】16.E17.D18.F19.G20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数字时代信息繁杂，文章提出评估信息可靠性的方法：看信息制作投入、作者资质与原创影响力、研究资助方，还提醒警惕主观措辞，用客观表述。【16题详析】根据上文“Intoday’sdigitalage,socialmediafeeds,newsalerts,andinstantmessagesfloodourphones—somuchsothatwe’renotjustsurroundedbyinformation,butdrowninginamessymixoffacts,opinions,rumors,andevendeliberatemisinformation.(在当今的数字化时代，社交媒体推送、新闻提醒以及即时消息如潮水般涌向我们的手机——以至于我们不仅被信息所包围，而且还深陷于各种事实、观点、谣言乃至蓄意传播的虚假信息的混乱交织之中)”以及后文“That’swhyassessingthetruthofinformationisakeylifeskill—sohowdowethentellusefulinformationfromuseless?(这就是为什么判断信息的真伪是一项至关重要的生活技能——那么，我们又该如何区分有用的信息和无用的信息呢？)”可知，前文提到数字时代信息繁杂（事实、观点、谣言等混合），后文指出“评估信息真实性是关键生活技能”。E项“毫不奇怪，判断我们能信任哪些信息来源从来都不容易”承接前文的信息混乱问题，引出后文的解决方案，逻辑衔接自然。故选E。【17题详析】根据上文“Whenwesearchforinformation,oneofthebiggestchallengesisknowingwhichsourceswecanrelyon.Generally,themoretimeandmoneythatisputintothecreationofthematerial,themorelikelyyouaretofindreliableinformation.(当我们寻找信息时，最大的挑战之一就是要知道哪些来源是可靠的。通常来说，投入更多的时间和金钱来制作相关材料，就越有可能找到可靠的信息)”以及后文“Andtheyareunlikelytoprovideinformationfromanindividualorinstitutioncommittedtopreservingtheirreputation.(它们不太可能提供来自那些致力于维护自身声誉的个人或机构的信息)”可知，前文强调“投入时间和金钱越多的信息，越可能可靠”，后文转折“它们不太可能来自致力于维护声誉的个人或机构”。D项“设计糟糕的网站充斥着广告、追踪器和弹窗”中的“糟糕网站”对应“投入少、不可靠的信息来源”，且“它们”指代D项中的“poorlydesignedsites”，符合指代逻辑。故选D。【18题详析】根据上文“Oneofthekeyfactorsindecidingwhethertotrustasourceistheauthorbehindit.Asourceismoretrustworthyifwrittenbysomeonewithrelevanttrainingoreducation.(决定是否信任某个来源的关键因素之一在于其作者。如果该来源是由具备相关培训或教育背景的人所撰写，那么该来源就更具可信度)”以及后文“Askquestionsabouttheauthor:Aretheyaninnovatororadefenderofthestatusquo?Dopeersciteoradvocatetheirwork?(询问有关作者的问题：他们是创新者还是现状的维护者？同行们是否引用或推崇他们的作品？)”可知，前文提到“作者有相关培训或教育背景的信息更可信”，后文通过两个问句（是否创新者、同行是否引用其作品）强调对作者的进一步考察。F项“即便如此，也要关注他们的原创性和影响力，而不仅仅是（教育）程度”承接前文的“教育背景”，引出后文的“原创性、影响力”，形成递进关系。故选F。【19题详析】根据后文“Andsometimesastudyisconductedinordertoalignwiththegoalsorinterestsofitsfunders.Forexample,astudybackedbyanenergyfirmcouldminimizedataonenvironmentalrisks.(有时，一项研究会是为了与资助者的目标或利益保持一致而开展的。例如，由能源公司资助的研究可能会尽量减少有关环境风险的数据)”可知，后文提到“研究有时是为了符合资助者的目标或利益”，并举例“能源公司支持的研究可能淡化环境风险数据”。G项“谁资助研究，就会影响研究强调或忽略什么”直接点出“资助者”与“研究方向”的关系，是后文例子的总起句，逻辑匹配。故选G。【20题详析】根据上文“Beawareofwordingthatindicatesjudgment.Itismoreappropriatetocomparesomethingtoanobjectivestandardthantolabelitwithwordsthatrepresentabstractconcepts.(要注意那些带有评判意味的表述。相较于用抽象概念的词汇来给某事物贴标签，更恰当的做法是将其与客观标准进行比较)”可知，前文强调“要注意带有判断性的措辞，应将事物与客观标准比较，而非用抽象概念标签化”。C选项“例如，用‘非法的’代替模糊的‘糟糕的’”通过具体例子解释“客观表述替代抽象判断”，符合前文的建议，且“forexample”明确了例证关系。故选C。第三部分英语知识运用(共三节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The71stannualBostonMarathonwasheldonApril19,1967.Thisdaywasfilledwith____21____rainandstrongwinds.However,foroneparticipantnamedKathrineSwitzer,theweatherconditionswerethe____22____ofherworries.Kathrinewasthefirstandonlyregisteredfemalerunnerinthemarathonandshehadsomethingto____23____.ThefirstfewmileswereapieceofcakeforKathrine.Thenaroundmilefour,sherealizedsomeonewaschasingher.Sheturnedaroundandwas____24____toseeanangryfacejustinchesaway.Itwastheracedirector,JockSemple.“Getoutofmyraceandgivemethosenumbers!”Jockyelled.Ashesaidthis,hegrabbedKathrineandtried____25____herracenumbersoffhersweatshirt.Kathrinewassoshockedandterrified.AsJockclungtohersweatshirt,Kathrinestruggledto____26____.Kathrinefeltawful.Shethoughtabout____27____,butsoonsheknewthatwasn’tanoption.“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthe____28____torun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.IfIquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,____29____forward...”Whileallthis____30____wasgoingon,Kathrinecontinued,untilshefoundherselfnearingthefinishline.Completelysoakedandgreetedbyonly____31____reporters,noneofwhomcheered,Kathrinecompletedtheraceinatimeof4hoursand20minutes.Theracewasover,buther____32____ofchangewasjustbeginning.Shewasa____33____forcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.Herleadershipalso____34____theInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984.OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymbolof____35____formillionsofwomenworldwide.21.A.dirty B.timely C.fine D.driving22.A.most B.least C.best D.worst23.A.promise B.enjoy C.prove D.explain24.A.depressed B.shocked C.frightened D.disappointed25.A.tearing B.checking C.hiding D.reading26.A.breakin B.breakdown C.breakfree D.breakoff27.A.speedingup B.droppingout C.runningahead D.lookingback28.A.security B.responsibility C.capability D.opportunity29.A.inspiteof B.insteadof C.regardlessof D.becauseof30.A.thinking B.running C.complaining D.saying31.A.little B.numerous C.quantitiesof D.ahandfulof32.A.memory B.spirit C.pursuit D.fear33.A.primary B.negative C.distinct D.temporary34.A.wouldlike B.appealedto C.reliedon D.pavedthewayfor35.A.fearlessness B.carelessness C.hopelessness D.helplessness【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C29.B30.A31.D32.C33.A34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了KathrineSwitzer作为首位正式注册参加波士顿马拉松赛的女性，在1967年恶劣天气条件下坚持完成比赛的经历，以及她如何凭借自身努力和领导力，推动女性在马拉松赛事及国际体育领域的地位提升。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一天充满了倾盆大雨和强风。A.dirty脏的；B.timely及时的；C.fine晴朗的；D.driving强劲的。根据下文“andstrongwinds”可知，那天充满了强劲的风。故选D。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于一位名叫凯瑟琳·斯威策的参与者来说，天气状况是她最不担心的。A.most最；B.least最少；C.best最好；D.worst最坏。根据上文“However,foroneparticipantnamedKathrineSwitzer,theweatherconditions”中的However表转折可知，虽然天气不好，但是她最不担心天气。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯瑟琳是第一个也是唯一一个注册参加马拉松比赛的女选手，她需要证明一些东西。A.promise承诺；B.enjoy享受；C.prove证明；D.explain解释。根据上文“Kathrinewasthefirstandonlyregisteredfemalerunnerinthemarathonandshehadsomethingto”可知，她报名参加马拉松肯定是为了证明某些东西。故选C。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她转过身来，惊讶地发现就在几英寸远的地方有一张愤怒的脸。A.depressed沮丧的；B.shocked震惊的；C.frightened害怕的；D.disappointed失望的。根据下文“seeanangryfacejustinchesaway”可知，她惊讶地发现就在几英寸远的地方有一张愤怒的脸。故选B。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一边说着，一边抓住凯瑟琳，试图从她的运动衫上撕下她的比赛号码。A.tearing撕下；B.checking检查；C.hiding藏；D.reading读。根据上文“Getoutofmyraceandgivemethosenumbers”可知，JockSemple试图从她的衣服上撕下号码牌。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当乔克紧紧抓住她的运动衫时，凯瑟琳挣扎着挣脱。A.breakin闯入；B.breakdown出故障；C.breakfree挣脱；D.breakoff中断。根据上文“AsJockclungtohersweatshirt”可知，乔克抓着她的运动衫时，她肯定是要想办法挣脱。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她想过退出，但很快她就知道那是不可能的。A.speedingup加速；B.droppingout退出；C.runningahead向前跑；D.lookingback回顾。根据下文“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethat”可知，她想过退出。故选B。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我退出，就没有人会相信女人有能力跑26英里以上。A.security安全；B.responsibility责任；C.capability能力；D.opportunity机会。根据下文“torun26-plusmiles”可知，她觉得如果她退出了，就没有人会相信女人有能力跑26英里以上。故选C。【29题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果我退出，这将使女子体育倒退，而不是前进……A.inspiteof尽管；B.insteadof代替，而不是；C.regardlessof不管；D.becau