基于热辐射调控的保温纺织品制备及性能研究

基于热辐射调控的保温纺织品制备及性能研究摘要随着多功能智能纺织品需求的提升，热辐射调控技术为传统保温材料的性能优化提供了新思路。本研究以棉布为基底，采用喷涂-干燥法将一种过渡金属碳氮化物Ti₃C₂Tₓ（MXene）纳米材料均匀负载于织物表面，制备出兼具高效红外反射与低热辐射特性的保温纺织品。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）表征发现，MXene以片层结构均匀附着于织物表面，形成粗糙纹理，证实了涂层与基底的有效结合。热性能测试表明，改性织物在模拟人体温度环境下的保温效果显著增强；红外发射率测试显示，MXene涂层可使织物在人体主要热辐射波段（8-14μm）的发射率大幅降低，通过反射人体热辐射有效抑制热量散失；电磁屏蔽测试证实，MXene涂层对电磁辐射具有高效反射与吸收能力，且浓度与屏蔽效能呈正相关。本研究揭示了MXene负载浓度与织物热辐射调控、保温及电磁屏蔽性能的内在关联，为开发轻量化（基底密度0.6-1.0g/cm³）、高耐候性的辐射制冷保温材料提供了可行方案，在户外防护服装、智能温控织物等领域具有应用潜力。关键词MXene热辐射调控保温纺织品红外发射率

AbstractWiththeincreasingdemandformultifunctionalsmarttextiles,thethermalradiationcontroltechnologyprovidesanewideaforoptimizingtheperformanceoftraditionalinsulationmaterials.Thisstudyusescottonfabricasthebaseandemploysthespraying-dryingmethodtouniformlyloadMXene(Ti₃C₂Tₓ)nanomaterialsontothesurfaceofthefabric,therebypreparinganinsulationtextilethatcombinesefficientinfraredreflectionandlowthermalradiationproperties.Throughscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR)characterization,itwasfoundthatMXenewasuniformlyattachedinasheet-likestructuretothefabricsurface,formingaroughtexture,whichconfirmedtheeffectivebondingofthecoatingtothebase.Thermalperformancetestsshowedthatthemodifiedfabricsignificantlyenhancedtheinsulationeffectinasimulatedhumanbodytemperatureenvironment;infraredemissivitytestsrevealedthattheMXenecoatingcouldsignificantlyreducetheemissivityofthefabricinthehumanmainthermalradiationband(8-14μm),effectivelyinhibitingheatlossbyreflectinghumanthermalradiation;electromagneticshieldingtestsconfirmedthattheMXenecoatinghasefficientreflectionandabsorptioncapabilitiesforelectromagneticradiation,andtheshieldingefficiencyispositivelycorrelatedwiththeconcentration.ThisstudyrevealstheintrinsicrelationshipbetweentheconcentrationofMXeneloadingandthethermalradiationcontrol,insulation,andelectromagneticshieldingperformanceofthefabric,providingafeasiblesolutionforthedevelopmentoflightweight(basedensity0.6-1.0g/cm³)andhighlyweather-resistantradiationcoolinginsulationmaterials.Ithasapplicationpotentialinoutdoorprotectiveclothing,intelligenttemperature-controlledtextiles,andotherfields.KeywordsMXenethermalradiationregulationthermalinsulationtextilesinfraredemissivity

目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u16913第一章绪论 页第一章绪论1.1引言随着人类对舒适热环境的需求日益增加，维持一个相对恒定、舒适的体温以实现各种身体功能是非常重要的ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[1,2]，而大部分化石燃料都是用于人类日常生活的热管理ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Luo</Author><Year>2023</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745743739">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Luo,Zhuo</author><author>Yang,Dongzhi</author><author>Liu,Ji</author><author>Zhao,Hao‐Yu</author><author>Zhao,Tianyu</author><author>Li,Bai‐Xue</author><author>Yang,Wei‐Guang</author><author>Yu,Zhong‐Zhen</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Nature‐InspiredSolar‐ThermalGradientReducedGrapheneOxideAerogel‐basedBilayerPhaseChangeCompositesforSelf‐AdaptivePersonalThermalManagement</title><secondary-title>AdvancedFunctionalMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedFunctionalMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>33</volume><number>15</number><dates><year>2023</year></dates><isbn>1616-301X 1616-3028</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/adfm.202212032</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]，占世界能源消耗总量的40%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Isaac</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745750562">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Isaac,M.</author><author>vanVuuren,D.P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Modelingglobalresidentialsectorenergydemandforheatingandairconditioninginthecontextofclimatechange</title><secondary-title>EnergyPolicy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EnergyPolicy</full-title></periodical><pages>507-521</pages><volume>37</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0301-4215</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000263208500013</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000263208500013</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.051</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。在当前复杂的应用环境下，开发一种能够实现高效热能转换和利用的储能技术已成为需要解决的挑战。另一方面，随着5G智能手机、电脑等微型精密电子设备的普及，产生大量电磁波，由此引发的健康问题日益紧迫。因此，能够节能及时地对人体温度进行热管理，保护人体免受EMW污染的多功能便携式设备是满足节能和高质量生活需求的必要条件ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>10</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745744028">10</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chen,Y.M.</author><author>Yang,Y.</author><author>Xiong,Y.</author><author>Zhang,L.</author><author>Xu,W.H.</author><author>Duan,G.G.</author><author>Mei,C.T.</author><author>Jiang,S.H.</author><author>Rui,Z.H.</author><author>Zhang,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Porousaerogelandspongecomposites:Assistedbynovelnanomaterialsforelectromagneticinterferenceshielding</title><secondary-title>NanoToday</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NanoToday</full-title></periodical><volume>38</volume><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1748-0132</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000670249900003</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000670249900003</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>101204</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101204</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。如今，智能穿戴设备越来越普及，消防服、航天服这类极端环境下使用的防护服，以及节能建筑材料都在快速发展，我们对具备主动热辐射调控功能的纺织品需求也越来越迫切。热辐射调控的核心，在于材料对特定波段红外辐射的反射、吸收或者发射能力。拿远红外纤维来说，它会添加陶瓷微粒等辐射性物质，把人体散发的热能反射回皮肤，从而实现被动保温。但这类材料的红外特性较为固定，难以随环境温度变化及人体代谢率进行动态调节，这在一定程度上限制了其应用范围。因此，研发具备动态调节红外发射率能力的材料，成为当前研究的重要方向。现有的热调控材料存在较多局限性，也面临着不少挑战。以传统温控纺织品为例，其温度调节主要依赖相变材料或结构设计实现。比如采用微胶囊封装的Outlast纤维相变材料，它通过相变过程中的吸热或放热来调节温度，但这种方式存在响应速度慢、耐久性差的问题，且难以实现大范围的动态温度调节。另一种基于结构设计的调温织物如Janus膜材料，虽能通过翻转结构切换保温与散热模式，但调控范围较窄，且需要人工操作，无法满足复杂环境下的自适应温度调节需求。二维过渡金属碳化物和氮化物（MXenes）由于其高度各向异性的电子和光学性质、易于功能化的表面和费米能级的高密度态，在非常宽的频率范围内表现出多种光-物质相互作用。例如，MXenes在紫外（UV）到近红外（NIR）范围内存在横向表面等离子体共振，这是结构和成分的函数它们还与太赫兹到千兆赫频率的电磁波强烈相互作用ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mohammadi</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745754832">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mohammadi,A.V.</author><author>Rosen,J.</author><author>Gogotsi,Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Theworldoftwo-dimensionalcarbidesandnitrides(MXenes)</title><secondary-title>Science</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Science</full-title></periodical><pages>1165-+</pages><volume>372</volume><number>6547</number><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0036-8075</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000662088000034</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000662088000034</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>abf1581</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1126/science.abf1581</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]。1.2个人热管理技术1.2.1人体传热机理“热舒适”通常指人们对周围热环境感到满足的一种心理状态ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Elnaklah</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745752853">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Elnaklah,R.</author><author>Alnuaimi,A.</author><author>Alotaibi,B.S.</author><author>Topriska,E.</author><author>Walker,I.</author><author>Natarajan,S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ThermalcomfortstandardsintheMiddleEast:Currentandfuturechallenges</title><secondary-title>BuildingandEnvironment</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BuildingandEnvironment</full-title></periodical><volume>200</volume><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0360-1323</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000661046400002</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000661046400002</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>107899</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107899</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]。然而，每个人由于年龄、性别、新陈代谢水平的不同，对处于相同热环境下的热舒适体验也有很大差异。但对于健康的人来说，他们所需的热舒适通常与他们自身的热平衡相一致。人体传热过程可以分成两个部分：体内传热和体外传热。体内传热是指：人体自身通过皮肤的汗液蒸发、呼吸以及血液流动等形式进行的热交换；体外传热则是人体通过穿着的衣物向周围环境以热辐射、热传导、热对流的形式来进行热交换的。因此人体在进行能量获取和消耗之间达到了一种动态平衡以保持人体体温度恒定在34℃左右。1.2.2人体热辐射特性分析热辐射是能量传递的三种基本方式之一，也是物体之间进行热交换的重要途径。在高性能纺织品的开发中，热辐射调控技术起着关键作用。传统纺织品想要实现保温，主要依靠纤维材料来阻挡热传导以及对流ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lian</Author><Year>2023</Year><RecNum>8</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745741977">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lian,Peng</author><author>Yan,Ruihan</author><author>Wu,Zhiguo</author><author>Wang,Zhibin</author><author>Chen,Ying</author><author>Zhang,Li</author><author>Sheng,Xinxin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Thermalperformanceofnovelform-stabledisodiumhydrogenphosphatedodecahydrate-basedcompositephasechangematerialsforbuildingthermalenergystorage</title><secondary-title>AdvancedCompositesandHybridMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedCompositesandHybridMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>6</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2023</year></dates><isbn>2522-0128 2522-0136</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s42114-023-00655-y</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]。就拿中空纤维结构或者超细纤维来说，它们能增加内部静止空气的含量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>7</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>7</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745741883">7</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,Xuhua</author><author>Miao,Jinlei</author><author>Fan,Qiang</author><author>Zhang,Wenxiao</author><author>Zuo,Xingwei</author><author>Tian,Mingwei</author><author>Zhu,Shifeng</author><author>Zhang,Xueji</author><author>Qu,Lijun</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SmartTextileBasedon3DStretchableSilverNanowires/MXeneConductiveNetworksforPersonalHealthcareandThermalManagement</title><secondary-title>ACSAppliedMaterials&Interfaces</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsAppliedMaterials&Interfaces</full-title></periodical><pages>56607-56619</pages><volume>13</volume><number>47</number><section>56607</section><dates><year>2021</year></dates><isbn>1944-8244 1944-8252</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsami.1c18828</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]，进而提升纺织品的隔热能力。不过，这种被动保温的方式存在明显的不足，不仅很难适应不断变化的环境温度，对辐射热的调控能力也比较有限。此外，人体在与环境进行热传递时，有50％以上的热量都是通过热辐射的形式输出的。同时，人的皮肤还是一种很好的红外线发射器，其红外发射率在0.98左右ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhao</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>20</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>20</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745753999">20</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhao,D.L.</author><author>Aili,A.</author><author>Zhai,Y.</author><author>Xu,S.Y.</author><author>Tan,G.</author><author>Yin,X.B.</author><author>Yang,R.G.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Radiativeskycooling:Fundamentalprinciples,materials,andapplications</title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsReviews</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsReviews</full-title></periodical><volume>6</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1931-9401</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000474435200013</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000474435200013</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>021306</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1063/1.5087281</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。当体温在34℃时，人体主要在7~14μm的中红外波段发射辐射，此时的人体红外发射峰值的波长约在9.5μm处ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Cai</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745754087">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cai,L.L.</author><author>Song,A.Y.</author><author>Li,W.</author><author>Hsu,P.C.</author><author>Lin,D.C.</author><author>Catrysse,P.B.</author><author>Liu,Y.Y.</author><author>Peng,Y.C.</author><author>Chen,J.</author><author>Wang,H.X.</author><author>Xu,J.W.</author><author>Yang,A.K.</author><author>Fan,S.H.</author><author>Cui,Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SpectrallySelectiveNanocompositeTextileforOutdoorPersonalCooling</title><secondary-title>AdvancedMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>30</volume><number>35</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0935-9648</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000442732400018</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000442732400018</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>1802152</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/adma.201802152</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]。1.2.3保暖纺织品保暖性是冬季服装最重要的性能之一。传统的保温是阻止身体所发出的热逃逸为主，主要方法包括选用毛、绒、皮等高档原料制衣，增加衣服层数等，往往是以“牺牲”衣物厚度来换取较好的保温保暖效果，因此传统的保暖服装一般都显得蓬松、臃肿，既不便于活动又缺乏美感。新型的保暖服饰通常采用可积极发热的保暖纤维为原料，即依靠保暖纤维的自身发热来达到对人体的保暖效果，常见产品包括吸湿发热纤维、光能发热纤维、相变放热纤维等。光能发热纤维是一种可吸收太阳辐射中的可见光与红外线，且可反射人体热辐射的保暖材料ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Luo</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745745125">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Luo,H.</author><author>Li,Q.</author><author>Du,K.K.</author><author>Xu,Z.Q.</author><author>Zhu,H.Z.</author><author>Liu,D.L.</author><author>Cai,L.</author><author>Ghosh,P.</author><author>Qiu,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anultra-thincoloredtextilewithsimultaneoussolarandpassiveheatingabilities</title><secondary-title>NanoEnergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NanoEnergy</full-title></periodical><volume>65</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2211-2855</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000496445600009</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000496445600009</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>103998</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103998</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]。通过依靠具有高导电和导热性的新型材料控制热辐射和热传导从而实现加热制冷的被动式热管理纺织品，以及利用多级能量转换实现加热的主动式热管理纺织品。利用先进功能性材料所设计的新型热管理纺织品不仅为节约能源效率提供了先进的视角，同时也为人体热舒适度提供了替代方案。过渡金属碳氮化物MXene作为众多二维层状材料中一颗耀眼的新星，由于其优异的金属导电性、大比表面积使其最大电导率可达到10400S·cm⁻¹ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nan</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>22</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>22</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745754218">22</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nan,J.X.</author><author>Guo,X.</author><author>Xiao,J.</author><author>Li,X.</author><author>Chen,W.H.</author><author>Wu,W.J.</author><author>Liu,H.</author><author>Wang,Y.</author><author>Wu,M.H.</author><author>Wang,G.X.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Nanoengineeringof2DMXene-BasedMaterialsforEnergyStorageApplications</title><secondary-title>Small</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Small</full-title></periodical><volume>17</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1613-6810</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000477248900001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000477248900001</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>1902085</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/smll.201902085</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]，以及接近100％的内部光热转换效率ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>23</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>23</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745754298">23</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,R.Y.</author><author>Zhang,L.B.</author><author>Shi,L.</author><author>Wang,P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MXeneTi₃C₂:AnEffective2DLight-to-HeatConversionMaterial</title><secondary-title>AcsNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsNano</full-title></periodical><pages>3752-3759</pages><volume>11</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000400233200033</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000400233200033</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsnano.6b08415</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]和高导热性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zha</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745754376">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zha,X.H.</author><author>Zhou,J.</author><author>Zhou,Y.H.</author><author>Huang,Q.</author><author>He,J.</author><author>Francisco,J.S.</author><author>Luo,K.</author><author>Du,S.Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PromisingelectronmobilityandhighthermalconductivityinSc₂CT₂(T=F,OH)MXenes</title><secondary-title>Nanoscale</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nanoscale</full-title></periodical><pages>6110-6117</pages><volume>8</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>2040-3364</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000372245900039</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000372245900039</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c5nr08639f</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]，可实现快速热传输并最大限度地减少整个MXene的热损失，使其有望成为用于各种健康相关的应用的智能可穿戴加热器的候选者。1.3

MXene材料1.3.1MXene材料介绍2011年，Gogotsi及其同事报告了首次发现了过渡金属碳化物/氮化物/碳氮化物（称为MXenes）ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Hu</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745753531">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hu,R.</author><author>Liu,Y.D.</author><author>Shin,S.M.</author><author>Huang,S.Y.</author><author>Ren,X.C.</author><author>Shu,W.C.</author><author>Cheng,J.J.</author><author>Tao,G.M.</author><author>Xu,W.L.</author><author>Chen,R.K.</author><author>Luo,X.B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EmergingMaterialsandStrategiesforPersonalThermalManagement</title><secondary-title>AdvancedEnergyMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedEnergyMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>10</volume><number>17</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1614-6832</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000532297600005</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000532297600005</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>1903921</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/aenm.201903921</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]，其通式为Mn+1XnTx（n=1、2或3），其中M是早期过渡金属，X是碳和/或氮，T是表面终止（–OH、–O和–F）。此后，过去十年见证了MXenes在科学领域的指数级增长，因为它们具有各种迷人的特性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ying</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745753615">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ying,J.F.</author><author>Tan,X.</author><author>Lv,L.</author><author>Wang,X.Z.</author><author>Gao,J.Y.</author><author>Yan,Q.W.</author><author>Ma,H.B.</author><author>Nishimura,K.</author><author>Li,H.</author><author>Yu,J.H.</author><author>Liu,T.H.</author><author>Xiang,R.</author><author>Sun,R.</author><author>Jiang,N.</author><author>Wong,C.P.</author><author>Maruyama,S.</author><author>Lin,C.T.</author><author>Dai,W.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TailoringHighlyOrderedGrapheneFrameworkinEpoxyforHigh-PerformancePolymer-BasedHeatDissipationPlates</title><secondary-title>AcsNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsNano</full-title></periodical><pages>12922-12934</pages><volume>15</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000693105500029</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000693105500029</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsnano.1c01332</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。除了最初的二维（2D）纳米片外，已经合成了具有不同尺寸的MXenes，如0D量子点、1D纳米带和3D气凝胶，使MXenes成为纳米材料领域的一个大家族。二维（2D）材料因其纳米级厚度和独特的电学、光学和热特性而受到关注ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ying</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745753615">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ying,J.F.</author><author>Tan,X.</author><author>Lv,L.</author><author>Wang,X.Z.</author><author>Gao,J.Y.</author><author>Yan,Q.W.</author><author>Ma,H.B.</author><author>Nishimura,K.</author><author>Li,H.</author><author>Yu,J.H.</author><author>Liu,T.H.</author><author>Xiang,R.</author><author>Sun,R.</author><author>Jiang,N.</author><author>Wong,C.P.</author><author>Maruyama,S.</author><author>Lin,C.T.</author><author>Dai,W.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TailoringHighlyOrderedGrapheneFrameworkinEpoxyforHigh-PerformancePolymer-BasedHeatDissipationPlates</title><secondary-title>AcsNano</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsNano</full-title></periodical><pages>12922-12934</pages><volume>15</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1936-0851</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000693105500029</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000693105500029</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsnano.1c01332</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。最近，一种类似石墨烯的结构Ti3C2Tx通过MAX相处理获得的MXene已出现在人类视野中。由于其卓越的机械、电气和磁性，MXene引起了人们的注意，并在一些研究中得到了重视。所使用的MXene前驱体的种类、蚀刻剂的种类以及超声波的种类都会影响MXene的机械、光学、结构、电学和传输特性。其化学式来源于M（金属元素）、X（碳、氮或氧元素）和ene（石墨烯的后缀），MXene通常由层叠在碳、氮或氧原子层上的交替金属原子层组成。MXene具有许多优异的性能，例如高导电性、优异的机械强度、良好的化学稳定性和可调的表面化学性质，使MXene可用于储能、催化剂、传感器、电磁屏蔽和其他领域的各种应用ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2024</Year><RecNum>6</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745155987">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,Y.</author><author>Liu,Y.J.</author><author>Zhao,X.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MXeneCompositeElectromagneticShieldingMaterials:TheLatestResearchStatus</title><secondary-title>AcsAppliedMaterials&Interfaces</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsAppliedMaterials&Interfaces</full-title></periodical><pages>41596-41615</pages><volume>16</volume><number>31</number><dates><year>2024</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1944-8244</isbn><accession-num>WOS:001279681000001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:001279681000001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsami.4c11189</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]。1.3.2MXene材料特性MXene材料的二维层状结构由过渡金属碳化物或氮化物构成，这种特殊的晶体结构赋予其诸多优异性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yu</Author><Year>2024</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="swwtazesbr0wxne2vel5vvaqp5xpsvexdsep"timestamp="1745755109">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yu,K.H.</author><author>Ren,J.H.</author><author>Lia