2024年英语专八考试真题

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2024)-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIT:150MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（25MIN）SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,completethegap-fillingtasksonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesurewhatyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Now,listentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbeginTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearTWOinterviews.Attheendofeachinterview,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewsandthequestionswillbereadONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Now,listentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonthefirstinterview.1.A.Itismoredemanding.B.Itisquiterelaxing.C.Itistootheoretical.D.Itismoreaesthetic.2.A.Itismorememorable.B.Itfocusesonaestheticissues.C.Itislimitedtothetieofwriting.D.Ithasdifferentthemesandsubjects.3.A.Readership.B.Viewpoint.C.Purpose.D.Theme.4.A.Gothicnovels.B.Minornovels.C.Sciencefiction.D.NovelsofCentralEurope.5.A.Therewillstillbeitsreaders.B.Confusionwillcontinueamongreaders.C.Novelswillcertainlybecomeararity.D.Peoplewillgoonbuyingliterarybooks.Now,listentothesecondinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonthesecondinterview.6.A.Threefeet.B.Eightinches.C.Sixinches.D.Sixfeet.7.A.Numberofsatellites.B.Heightoficesurface.C.Amountofsnowfall.D.GravityinAntarctica.8.A.Decreaseinicesheet.B.Changesinheight.C.Changesingravitationalpull.D.Increaseinsnowfall.9.A.Eliminatingcarbonintheatmosphere.B.Reducingclimatepollutionemissions.C.Continuingheightmeasurement.D.Producingmoreaccuratepredictions.10.A.Climatechangeanditsconsequences.B.Effectsofclimatechangeoncoastalareas.C.Newfindingsfromsatellitedata.D.Proposalstoslowdownclimatechange.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（45MIN）SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE(1)Ifthepropertiesofhumanlanguagemakeitsuchauniquecommunicationsystem,quitedifferentfromthecommunicationsystemsofothercreatures,thenitwouldseemextremelyunlikelythatothercreatureswouldbeabletounderstandit.Somehumans,however,donotbehaveasifthisisthecase.Thereis,afterall,alotofspokenlanguagedirectedbyhumanstoanimals,apparentlyundertheimpressionthattheanimalfollowswhatisbeingsaid.Riderscansay“Whoa”tohorsesandtheystop.Shouldwetreattheseexamplesasevidencethatnon-humanscanunderstandhumanlanguage?Probablynot.Thestandardexplanationisthattheanimalproducesaparticularbehaviorinresponsetoaparticularsound-stimulusornoise,butdoesnotactually“understand”whatthewordsinthenoisemean.(2)Inanearlyattempttoteachachimpanzeetousehumanlanguage,inthe1930s,twoscientists(LullaandWinthropKellogy)raisedaninfantchimpanzeetogetherwiththeirbabyson.Thechimpanzee,calledGua,wasreportedtobeabletounderstandaboutahundredwords,butdidnot“say”anyofthem.Inthe1940s,achimpanzeenamedVikiwasrearedbyanotherscientistcouple(CatherineandKeithHayes)intheirownhome,exactlyasifshewereahumanchild.ThesefosterparentsspentfiveyearsattemptingtogetVikito“say”Englishwordsbytryingtoshapehermouthassheproducedsounds.Vikieventuallymanagedtoproducesomewords,ratherpoorlyarticulatedversionsof“mama”,“papa”and“cup”.Inretrospect,thiswasaremarkableachievementsinceithasbecomeclearthatnon-humanprimatesdonotactuallyhaveaphysicallystructuredvocaltractwhichissuitableforarticulatingthesoundsusedinspeech.(3)Recognizingthatachimpanzeewasapoorcandidateforspokenlanguagelearning,anotherscientistcouple(BeatrixandAllenGardner)setouttoteachafemalechimpanzeecalledWashoetouseaversionofAmericanSignLanguage.Thissignlanguagehasalltheessentialpropertiesofhumanlanguageandislearnedbymanycongenitallydeafchildrenastheirnaturalfirstlanguage.Fromthebeginning,theGardnersandtheirresearchassistantsraisedWashoelikeahumanchildinacomfortabledomesticenvironment.SignlanguagewasalwaysusedwhenWashoewasaroundandshewasencouragedtousesigns.Inaperiodofthreeandahalfyears,Washoecametousesignsformorethanahundredwords.EvenmoreimpressivewasWashoe'sabilitytotaketheseformsandcombinethemtoproduce“sentences”ofthetype“givemetickle”,“morefruit”and“openfooddrink”.SomeoftheformsappeartohavebeeninventionsbyWashoe,asinhernovelsignfor“bib”andinthecombination“waterbird”(referringtoaswan),whichwouldseemtoindicatethathercommunicationsystemhadthepotentialforproductivity.(4)AtthesametimeasWashoewaslearningsignlanguage,anotherchimpanzeenamedSarahwasbeingtaught(byAnnandDavidPremack)touseasetofplasticshapesforthepurposeofcommunicatingwithhumans.Theseplasticshapesrepresented“words”thatcouldbearrangedinsequencetobuild“sentences”.ThebasicapproachwasquitedifferentfromthatoftheGardners.Sarahwassystematicallytrainedtoassociatetheseshapeswithobjectsoractions.Sheremainedananimalinacage,beingtrainedwithfoodrewardstomanipulateasetofsymbols.Onceshehadlearnedtousealargenumberoftheseplasticshapes,Sarahwascapableofgettinganapplebyselectingthecorrectplasticshape(abluetriangle)fromalargearray.Sarahwasalsocapableofproducing“sentences”suchas“MarygivechocolateSarah”andhadtheimpressiveabilitytounderstandcomplexstructuressuchas“IfSarahputredongreen,MarygiveSarahchocolate”.(5)ApsychologistHerbertTerracearguedthatchimpanzeessimplyproducesignsinresponsetotheendsofpeopleandtendtorepeatsignsthosepeopleuse,yettheyaretreatedasiftheyaretakingpartina“conversation”.Asinmanycriticalstudiesofanimallearning,thechimpanzee'sbehaviorisviewedasatypeofconditionedresponsetocuesprovidedbyhumantrainers.(6)Importantlessonshavebeenlearnedfromattemptstoteachchimpanzeeshowtouseformsoflanguage.Wehaveansweredsomequestions.WereWashoeandSarahcapableoftakingpartininteractionwithhumansbyusingasymbolsystemchosenbyhumansandnotchimpanzees?Theanswerisclearly“Yes”.CouldWashoeandSarahgoontoperformlinguisticallyonalevelcomparabletoatwo-year-oldchild?Theanswerisjustasclearly“No.”Inarrivingattheseanswers,wehavealsohadtofacethefactthat,evenwithourlistofkeyproperties,westilldon'tseemtohaveanon-controversialdefinitionofwhatcountsas“usinglanguage”.Ithastobefairtosaythat,inbothcases,weobservetheparticipants“usinglanguage”.However,thereisadifference.Underlyingthetwo-year-old'scommunicativeactivityisthecapacitytodevelopahighlycomplexsystemofsoundsandstructures,plusasetofcomputationalprocedures,whichwillallowthechildtoproduceextendeddiscoursecontainingapotentiallyinfinitenumberofnovelutterances.Noothercreaturehasbeenobserved“usinglanguage”inthissense.Itisinthismorefundamentalorabstractsensethatwesaythatlanguageisuniquelyhuman.11.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwoattemptsinPara.2?A.Beingraisedwithahumanchildisessential.B.Mouthshapingiscrucialinlanguagelearning.C.Timelengthisanimportantfactorinexperiments.D.Non-humancreaturesaredifferentinvocaltracts.12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueasbasedonWashoeandSarah?A.Theyweretaughtindifferentapproaches.B.Theywereraisedinsimilarenvironments.C.Theyweresomewhatinnovativeinexpression.D.Theywerenon-humanprimatesforexperiments.13.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasevidenceofproductivity?A.“Mama”and“cup”(Viki).B.“Openfooddrink”(Washoe).C.“Waterbird”(Washoe).D.“MarygivechocolateSarah”(Sarah).14.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?A.Animalbehaviorandlanguage.B.Animalcommunicationsystem.C.Animalsandhumanlanguage.D.Animalsandhumanbehavior.PASSAGETWO(1)ItwaswellpastmidnightthispastJulyandtheround-the-clockArcticsunwasshiningonMercyBay.ExhaustedParksCanadaarchaeologistRyanHarriswasexperiencingararemomentofrestontherockybeach,lookingoutoverthebay'sdark,ice-studdedwater.Aroundhim,adozenred-and-yellowtentslinedtheshoreline—theonlysignsoflife.Everydayfortheprevioustwoweeks,workhadstartedbymid-morningandcontinuednonstopfor16hours.Nightanddayhadlittlerelevanceinthemurky,near-freezingwaters.AlongwithParksCanada'schiefofunderwaterarchaeology,Marc-AndreBernier,Harrishasoverseenmorethan100divesatthisremoteinletofBanksIslandinAulavikNationalPark,exploringthewreckofHMSInvestigator,aBritishvesselthathassatatthebottomofthebayformorethan160years.(2)HarrisandasmallteamofarchaeologistshaddiscoveredInvestigatorin2010andreturnedin2011withalargerteamtodive,study,anddocumentthewreck,whichholdsacriticalplaceinthehistoryofArcticexploration.Twenty-fivefeetbelowthesurface,Investigatorsitsupright,intact,andremarkablywellpreserved.Icecoverseverythingbelowthemaindeck,entombingtheofficers'cabins,theship'sgalley,andafulllibrary.Thearchaeologistshadintendedtoleavethewreckanditsartifactswheretheyhadlainsincethepolarshipwasabandoned,trappedinice,onJune3,1853.Artifactrecoverywasnotpartoftheiroriginalplanbutplanschangedaftertheirfirstfewdives.(3)Theteamwasinstantlysurprisedbythenumberofartifactstheysaw—muskets(火枪),shoes,andhunksofcoppersheathingrestedonInvestigator'supperdeck,dangledoffthehull,orlayhaphazardlyonthesediment.LeavingtheseartifactsbehindinMercyBaywouldhavemadethemvulnerabletotheicebergsthatregularlyscourthebay'sfloor,includingthosethesix-mandiveteamhadbeendodgingsincetheirarrival.(4)EachpiecefishedfromthewaterwasacluetolifeaboardashipduringaperiodofBritishfrontierArcticexploration.ThecaptainofInvestigator,RobertMcClure,wasoriginallysenttofindandrescuetwoships,HMSErebusandHMSTerror,thatSirJohnFranklinhadledintotheArcticin1845todiscoverthelong-soughtNorthwestPassageconnectingtheAtlanticandPacificoceans.Investigator'svoyageended,withoutsightorwordofFranklin'sshipsorcrew,whenitwassetuponbyiceinMercyBay.After39monthsatsea,thelistingshipsat,slowlybeingcrushedonallsides,forthreefrigidyears—withnoInuitencounters,noBritishsearchparties,andnorelief.Formuchofthattime,McClureandhiscrewof60weredesperateandunderconstantthreatofstarvation,untilasurprisingrescueinthespringof1853.Thirty-fivemensurvivedtheordeal.(5)InJuly2010,aftermonthsofstudytopinpointInvestigator'srestingplace,theactualdiscoveryofthewrecktookjustafewminutes.Harriswasinthebayinaninflatableboattestingsonarequipmentwhenthewreckcameintorange.Thefourhoursofvideogatheredonthattripshowedthattheshipwas,inessence,frozenintime,protectedbythecoldwaterandopaque,light-blockingicecover.Itwouldbeayearbeforetheycouldreturnwithcold-waterdivingequipmenttohaveacloser,moredetailedlook.Overthatyear,theParksCanadateamporedoverphotographsandexaminedglowinggoldultrasoundimagesthatshowedtimberfromthewreckscatteredacrosstheupperdecklikematchsticks.Theysoughtandreceivedtheblessingforamoreintensiveexplorationofthewrecksitefromthe136residentsofSachsHarbour,anInuvialuit(InuitfromthewesternArctic)communityonthesouthwesterntipofBanksIsland,theclosestpermanentcommunity,some125milesaway.Inadditiontotheunderwaterworktodocumentthewreck,archaeologistHenryCaryledaland-basedsurveyandexcavationteamofInuvialuitarchaeologists,conservationofficers,andparkstaff.ItfelluponCarytoshuttlethe8,820poundsofequipmentuptothe74thparallel,includingtents,athreeweekssupplyoffood,twoboats,divinggear,compressors,recordingequipment,surveyingtools,and40barrelsforcollectingfreshwater.(6)Thearchaeologistscamepreparedfordelays,nastyweather,andpolarbears—buttheyweren'tpreparedforthenumberofartifactsthatneededrecovery.Harris,Bernier,Cary,andtheircrewshadpackedcameras,lasers,andmeasuringtapestodocumentthesitesbutfeweritemstohelpthemretrieve,excavate,ortransferartifacts.Recoveringthewreck'sfindsquicklyuseduptheirsmalltoolkitforsalvagingartifacts:padding,tonguedepressors,andgauzebandages.(7)“Wehadnotreallyenvisionedthenumberofartifactsthatwerevisibleandexposedonthedeck.So,asbasicallywehadtoimprovise,”saysBernier.(8)Someonerippedthelidofalargeblackstoragecaseoffitshingestouseasacratetoliftahatandcorrodedmusketfromthefrigidwaters.AlargefoodbinwasadaptedwitharopehandletoretrieveacriticalsampleofthecoppersheathingusedbytheBritishnavytoreinforcetheirArcticfleetforcontactwithicebergs.Toprotectafragilerectangleofencrustedfelt—anoveladditiontoInvestigatorthatwasintendedtokeeptheshipwatertight—Harrisfashionedacoveroutofabsorbentchamois(鹿皮),rippedupanoldblackT-shirttoplaceunderneathit,andsandwichedtheartifactbetweenfloorboardstakenfromtheboatthathadshuttledthembetweenlandandthewreck.Theartifactsthenmadeamorethan4,000-milejourney,byhelicopterandcommercialairliner,totheParksCanadaconservationlabinOttawa,wheretheyarebeingconservedandstudiedtoday.15.WhichofthefollowingdetailsabouttheunderwateroperationisCORRECT?A.Workstartedontheshipwreckduringtheteam'ssecondtrip.B.Theoriginalplanwastoexploretheshipandretrievetheartifacts.C.Theteamspenttheirnightsnearalocalresidents'community.D.Theteambeganexploringtheshipwrecksoonafteritsdiscovery.16.WhatcanwelearnaboutInvestigator?A.Itwassenttodiscoveranewseapassage.B.Itsactualdiscoverywastime-consuming.C.ItgotintouchwithErebusandTerror.D.Itgotstuckiniceandwaslaterabandoned.17.WhydidBerniersaythattheyhadtoimprovise(Para.7)?A.Theyhadtofightagainstthetreacherousweather.B.Theyhadlittletimetopackandstabilizethoseartifacts.C.Theydidnothavepropertoolstoexcavatesomanyartifacts.D.Theyhadnoideawhatthoseartifactswereusedforonboard.18.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthearchacologists'wayofprotectingtheretrievedartifacts?A.Incredible.B.Innovative.C.Imaginable.D.Inefficient.19.ThelastparagraphmentionsallthefollowingEXCEPT__________.A.whomadetheartifacts.B.wheretheartifactsweresent.C.whatartifactswererecovered.D.howtheartifactswereprotected.PASSAGETHREE(1)Myfatherwas,Iamsure,intendedbynaturetobeacheerful,kindlyman.Untilhewasthirty-fouryearsoldheworkedasafarmhandforamannamedThomasButterworthwhoseplacelaynearthetownofBidwell.HehadthenahorseofhisownandonSaturdayeveningsdroveintotowntospendafewhoursinsocialintercoursewithotherfarmhands.IntownhedrankseveralglassesofbeerandstoodaboutinBenHead'ssaloon—crowdedonSaturdayeveningswithvisitingfarmhands.Songsweresungandglassesthumpedonthebar.Atteno'clockfatherdrovehomealongalonelycountyroad,madehishorsecomfortableforthenightandhimselfwenttobed,quitehappyinhispositioninlife.Hehadatthattimenonotionoftryingtoriseintheworld.(2)Itwasinthespringofhisthirty-fifthyearthatfathermarriedmymother,thenacountryschoolteacher,andinthefollowingspringIcamewrigglingandcryingintotheworld.Somethinghappenedtothetwopeople.Theybecameambitious.Thepassionforgettingupintheworldtookpossessionofthem.(3)Itmayhavebeenthatmotherwasresponsible.Beingaschoolteachershehadnodoubtreadbooksandmagazines.Shehad,Ipresume,readofhowsomepeoplerosefrompovertytofameandgreatnessandasIlaybesideher—inthedaysofherlying-in—shemayhavedreamedthatIwouldsomedayrulemenandcities.Atanyratesheinducedfathertogiveuphisplaceasafarmhand,sellhishorseandembarkonanindependententerpriseofhisown.Shewasatallsilentwomanwithalongnoseandtroubledgreyeyes.Forherselfshewantednothing.Forfatherandmyselfshewasincurablyambitious.(4)Thefirstventureintowhichthetwopeoplewentturnedoutbadly.TheyrentedtenacresofpoorstonylandonGriggs'sRoad,eightmilesfromBidwell,andlaunchedintochickenraising.Igrewintoboyhoodontheplaceandgotmyfirstimpressionsoflifethere.Fromthebeginningtheywereimpressionsofdisasterandif,inmyturn,Iamagloomymaninclinedtoseethedarkersideoflife,attributeittothefactthatthatshouldhavebeenformethehappyjoyousdaysofchildhoodwerespentonachickenfarm.(5)Oneunversedinsuchmatterscanhavenonotionofthemanyandtragicthingsthatcanhappentoachicken.Itisbornoutofanegg,livesforafewweeksasatinyfluffythingsuchasyouwillseepicturedonEastercards,thenbecomeshideouslynaked,eatsquantitiesofcornandmealboughtbythesweatofyourfather'sbrow,getsdiseasescalledpip,cholera,andothernames,standslookingwithstupideyesatthesun,becomessickanddies.Afewhensandnowandthenarooster,intendedtoserveGod'smysteriousends,strugglethroughtomaturity.Thehenslayeggsoutofwhichcomeotherchickensandthedreadfulcycleisthusmadecomplete.Itisallunbelievablycomplex.Mostphilosophersmusthavebeenraisedonchickenfarms.Onehopesforsomuchfromachickenandissodreadfullydisillusioned.Smallchickens,justsettingoutonthejourneyoflife,looksobrightandalertandtheyareinfactsodreadfullystupid.Theyaresomuchlikepeopletheymixoneupinone'sjudgmentsoflife.Ifdiseasedoesnotkillthemtheywaituntilyourexpectationsarethoroughlyarousedandthenwalkunderthewheelsofawagon—togosquashedanddeadbacktotheirmaker.Vermininfesttheiryouth,andfortunesmustbespentforcurativepowders.(6)Fortenyearsmyfatherandmotherstruggledtomakeourchickenfarmpayandthentheygaveupthatstruggleandbegananother.TheydecidedtomoveintothetownofBidwell,andembarkedintherestaurantbusiness.Aftertenyearsofworrywithincubatorsthatdidnothatch,andwithtiny—andintheirownwaylovely—ballsoffluffthatpassedonintosemi-nakedpullethoodandfromthatintodeadhenhood,wethrewallaside,packedourbelongingsonawagonanddrovedownGrigg'sRoadtowardBidwell,atinycaravanofhopelookingforanewplacefromwhichtostartonourupwardjourneythroughlife.(7)Wemusthavebeenasadlookinglot,not,Ifancy,unlikerefugeesfleeingfromabattlefield.MotherandIwalkedintheroad.ThewagonthatcontainedourgoodshadbeenborrowedforthedayfromMr.AlbertGriggs,aneighbor.Outofitssidesstuckthelegsofcheapchairsandatthebackofthepileofbeds,tables,andboxesfilledwithkitchenutensilswasacrateoflivechickens,andontopofthatthebabycarriageinwhichIhadbeenwheeledaboutinmyinfancy.WhywestucktothebabycarriageIdon'tknow.Itwasunlikelyotherchildrenwouldbebornandthewheelswerebroken.Peoplewhohavefewpossessionsclingtightlytothosetheyhave.Thatisoneofthefactsthatmakelifesodiscouraging.(8)Fatherrodeontopofthewagon.Hewasthenabald-headedmanofforty-five,alittlefatandfromlongassociationwithmotherandthechickenshehadbecomehabituallysilentanddiscouraged.Allduringourtenyearsonthechickenfarmhehadworkedasalaboreronneighboringfarmsandmostofthemoneyhehadearnedhadbeenspentforremediestocurechickendiseases.Thereweretwolittlepatchesofhaironfather'sheadjustabovehisears.IrememberthatasachildIusedtositlookingathimwhenhehadgonetosleepinachairbeforethestoveonSundayafternoonsinthewinter.Ihadatthattimealreadybeguntoreadbooksandhavenotionsofmyownandthebaldpaththatledoverthetopofhisheadwas,Ifancied,somethinglikeabroadroad,sucharoadasCaesarmighthavemadeonwhichtoleadhislegionsoutofRomeandintothewondersofanunknownworld.(9)Onemightwriteabookconcerningourflightfromthechickenfarmintotown.MotherandIwalkedtheentireeightmiles—shetobesurethatnothingfellfromthewagonandItoseethewondersoftheworld.20.Theauthordescribeshismotheras__________.A.knowledgeable.B.responsible.C.imaginative.D.aspiring.21.WhatisPara.5intendedtoshow?A.Thespecificstepsofchickenraising.B.Thedifficultiesofchickenraising.C.Theexcitementofthefamily.D.Theexpectationsofthefamily.22.Whatdoes“ourupwardjourney”inPara.6indicate?A.Theirworries.B.Theirstruggle.C.Theirambition.D.Theirresourcefulness.23.WhatistherelationbetweenthetwoitalicizedstatementsinPara.7?A.Temporal.B.Causal.C.Illustrative.D.Additive.24.Whichofthefollowingincidentsarenarratedtoindicatetheauthor'sperspective?A.“…toseethewondersoftheworld”B.“Ihadatthattimealreadybeguntoreadbooks…”C.“Iwalkedtheentireeightmiles…”D.“…abookconcerningourflightfromthechickenfarmintotown”SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswereachquestioninNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE25.Whatdoes“this”inPara.1referto?26.HowdidWashoedemonstratethepotentialofproductivity(Para.3)?PASSAGETWO27.Whatdoestheword“scour”inPara.3referto?28.WhatwasSirJohnFranklin'smission?29.Listtwopreparationstheteammadefortheirtrip(Para.5).PASSAGETHREE30.Describeinyourownwordsthepersonalityoftheauthor'sfatherbeforemarriage(Para.1).31.Describeinyourownwordstheauthor'schildhoodonachickenfarm(Para.4).32.Whatdoesthechickens'fateimplyabouttheauthor'sfamily?PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE（15MIN）ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:-Forawrongword:underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.-Foramissingword:markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.-Foranunnecessaryword:crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.EXAMPLEWhen∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit.(1)anitneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)neverthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.(3)exhibitProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.Adatabase-managementsystemisacollectionofinterrelateddataandasetofprogramstoaccessthosedata.Thecollectionofdata,usuallyreferredtoasthedatabase,containinformationrelevanttoanenterprise.Itsprimarygoalistoprovideawaytostoreandretrievedatabaseinformation.Databasesystemsaredesigningtomanagelargebodiesofinformation.Managementofdatainvolvesbothdefiningstructuresforstorageofinformationandprovidemechanismsforitsmanipulation.Inaddition,thedatabasesystemmustensureinformationsafety,despitesystemcrashesorattemptsatunauthorizedaccess.Ifdataaretobesharedbetweenseveralusers,thesystemmustavoidpossibleanomalousresults.Computerscientistshavedevelopedvariousconceptsandtechniquesformanagingdata,soinformationisveryimportantinmostorganizations.Theearliestdatabasesystemsaroseinthe1960sinresponsetothecomputerizedmanagementofcommercialdata.Thoseearlierapplicationswererelativelysimplecomparedwithmoderndatabaseapplications,thatincludehighlysophisticated,worldwideenterprises.Alldatabaseapplicationsshareimportantcommonelements.Thecentralaspectoftheapplicationisthedatathemselves.Today,someofthemostvaluablecorporationsarevaluablebecauseoftheirphysicalassets,butbecauseoftheinformationtheyown.Imagineofabankwithoutitsdataonaccountsandcustomersorasocial-networksitethatlosesconnectionswiththeirusers,suchcompanies'valuewouldbealmosttotallylostundersuchcircumstances.(1)__________(2)__________(3)__________(4)__________(5)__________(6)__________(7)__________(8)__________(9)__________(10)__________PARTIVTRANSLATION（20MIN）TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextfromChineseintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.中国科幻小说在国际上越来越受欢迎，已成为一种新的国际交流方式。可以预见，中国科幻将创作出更多跨越国界、具有世界影响力的优秀作品。中国科幻要走向未来，必不可少的是文化使命感。如何将中国