中式英语中词语重复问题的研究

ABriefStudyofUnnecessaryWordsinChinglish中式英语中词语重复问题的研究IntroductionInrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofinternationaltradeandworldcommunication,moreandmoreChinesebegintolearnEnglish.Andsofar,ChinahasthelargestpopulationinEnglishlearning.Nowadays,Englishisnotonlyaprojectthateachstudentneedtolearnatschool,butaskillthatmostpeopleneedtobeequippedwithindailybusinessactivities.However,withthepopulationoflearningEnglishdramaticallyincreasing,yetChinglishhasbecomeaprevalentphenomenon,graduallyandinevitably.Chinglishliesinpeople’sdailyEnglishlearninglife.Forexample,inthepastCET4andCET6inDecember,2018,therearesuchalotludicroustranslationsasacleverwomancan’tcookamealwithoutrice,takepeopleasfoundation,workcollegeandetc,whilethecorrectonesare:onecan’tmakebrickswithoutstraw,people-orientedandvocationalcollege.What’sworse,thereevenaremanyChinglishinpublic.Forexample,inHangzhou,wemayfindsuchdirecttranslationas“bigwinestore”or“bigricestore”.Alsowemayfindsomecatchphraseslike“Littleissmilingslightly,Pleasewalkonpavement”(foundinaBeijingPark).Alltheseexamplesaretrue,notjustforspoilingthefun.Chinglishisamisshapen,hybridlanguageinfluencedandobstructedbytheusageandruleofthenativelanguage,Chinese.AsoneofthemostcommonpartofChinglish,unnecessarywordsareamostimportantmaterialinstudyingChinglish.UnnecessarywordsoftenoccurinChinese-Englishtranslationandareamistakethateveryonemaymakeratherthanjustforthosebeginners.JoanPinkhamoncesaidinherbook,“TheTranslation’sGuideToChinglish”AlmosteverytextthathasbeentranslatedintoEnglishfromChinese,(orthathasbeenwrittendirectlyinEnglishbyanativespeakerofChinese)containsunnecessarywords.”Joan,Pinkham.1998.TheTranslatorJoan,Pinkham.1998.TheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.ThisarticlewillmakeabriefstudyofthismajorkindofChinglish,unnecessarywords.Wewilltrytoanalyzethreemajorkindsofunnecessarywords:unnecessarynouns,unnecessarymodifiersandredundanttwins.Thenthisarticlewillusesometheoriestoanalyzethecausesofit.Finally,itwilltrytofindoutsomeusefulsolutions.ThestudyofunnecessarywordsmayhelpEnglishlearnersrealizetheiractualproblemsinEnglishlearningandcanmakesomedifferenceinlearningEnglish.Also,hopingthisarticlecanfindasuitableandrightwaytolearnEnglishandrealizethatweallneedtohaveEnglishthinkingpatternwhenlearningEnglish.SummaryofrelatedtheoriesAsoneofthemostcommontroubleinChinesedailyEnglishlearning,therearealotoftheoriestosupportthestudyofunnecessarywords.Herearesomeofthemaintheoriesinvolved.1.1LanguageTransferAccordingtothetheoryof"mothertonguetransfer",intheprocessofsecondlanguageacquisition,theusinghabitofthelearner'sfirstlanguage,thatis,themothertongue,willdirectlyaffecttheacquisitionofthesecondlanguageandplayapositiveroleinpromotingornegativelyinterferingwithit.Normally,therearetwokindsoflanguagetransfer,thepositiveandthenegative.Ifthelearnedlanguageissimilartothenativelanguage,theforeignlanguagerulesandnativelanguagerulesarethesame,positivetransferwilloccur,whichwillhelppeoplelearnthesecondlanguagefasterandsimpler.Forexample,EnglishnativespeakercanlearnFrenchquickerthanChinese.Ontheotherhand,iflearnerslearnaforeignlanguageverydifferentfromtheirmothertongue,negativetransferwilloccurNegativetransferwillcauselearningdifficultiesandlanguageerrors.Thusitmayhinderthesecondlanguageacquisition.Forexample,ChinesehasalotoftroublesinlearningEnglish.1.2ChinglishandChineseEnglishWhentalkingaboutChinglish,therearetwoconfusingterms,ChinglishandChineseEnglish.However,ChinglishandChineseEnglishistwototallydifferentitems.ChinglishisahybridusedbyChineseEnglishleanerwithChineseruleandhabitinEnglishcommunication.It’saninhappropriateEnglishanddoesn’tfitEnglishculture.Forexample,manypeopleliketosaythephrase“bigrain”,whiletherightoneis“heavyrain”.Englishnativespeakersoftenuseheavyandlighttodescribetherain,ratherthanbigorsmall.UnlikeChinglish,ChineseEnglishistheEnglishwithChinesecharacteristicsandcenteringonstanderEnglish,justlikeAmericanEnglish.Forexample,ourfamousclassics“FourBooksandFiveClassics”isthevaryChineseEnglish.NotonlydoesitownChinesepeculiarity,alsoitfitstheEnglishusinghabits.ItisanindigenizationofEnglish.1.3InterculturalCommunicationCross-culturalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationbetweennativespeakersandnon-nativespeakers,aswellasthecommunicationbetweenpeoplewithdifferencesinlanguageandculturalbackground.Interculturalcommunicationmeansbothpartiescomingfromdifferentculturalbackgroundsandusethesamecommunicativelanguage,whichmeansone’snativelanguageisthesecondofanother.Asweallknow,cultureaffectscommunication.Unconsciouslyorconsciously,wheninteractingwithothers,ourculturalbackgroundinfluencesourbehaviorandreactions.Sowhenpeoplecommunicatewiththosewhofromothercultures,theremaycomeacrosssometroubles.Hereisasimpleexample:therecognitionof"dog"isunifiedbetweenChinaandtheWestintheimageorconceptof"dog",butthemeaningofitsexpressionisquitedifferentduetodifferentculturalbackgrounds.WhenChinesesaysomethingabout"dog",derogatorywordslike"dogleg(狗腿子)","runningdog(落水狗)"and"bastard(狗杂种)"willfirstappearinthebrain.Theword"dog"intheChineseculturebesidesitsownneutralmeaning,mostlyhaveaderogatorysense.However,inwesterncountriessuchasBritainandAmerica,"dog"istotallypraised.Phrasessuchas"aluckydog"(幸运儿)and"LovemeLovemydog"(爱屋及乌)arebroadlyused.Thejudgmentandcognitionderivedfromtheconceptof"dog"aredifferentthinkingmodecausedbyculturalbackgroundandlifestyle,andthenimpactonlanguage.2.UnnecessaryWordsAccordingtoJoanPinkham,unnecessarywordscanbedividedintofiveparts,unnecessarynounsandverbs,unnecessarymodifiers,redundanttwins,sayingthesamethingstwice,repeatedreferencestothesamething.Inthisarticle,wemainlytalkaboutthetopthreekinds,unnecessarynouns,unnecessarymodifiersandredundanttwins.2.1UnnecessaryNounsIn“Thetranslator’sGuidetoChinglish”,writtenbyJoanPinkham,anAmericantranslator,mostunnecessarynounsinChinglishappearnotalonebutinshortphrases,combinedwitharticlesandprepositions.Joan,Pinkham.1998.TheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.InChinglish,unnecessarynounsareoftencombinedwitharticlesandprepositions.Actually,mostofusdon’trealizethisisaproblemoreventhinkitisnormal,becauseweuserepetitionalotinChinese.Joan,Pinkham.1998.TheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.Joan,Pinkham.1998.TheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.Unnecessarynounsareredundantfortheirsenseisalreadyincludedorimpliedintheotherelementofthesentence.Forinstance,manypeopleliketouse“harvestsinagriculture”,buttheword“harvest”hasalreadyimpliedthemeaningagriculture(thereisonlyharvestinagriculture).Anotherexampleis“livingstandardsforthepeople”.Evensomeprofessionaltranslatorsmaymakethismistake.However,thephrase“livingstandards”onlyappliesforpeople.Wedon’tuse“livingstandard”foranimalsorotherlivingcreatures.Astheruleis“Asentenceshouldcontainnounnecessarywords”WilliamStrunk,Jr.andE.B.White.1999.TheElementsofStyle[M].LongmanPress(TheElementsofStyle,WrittenbyWilliamStrunk,Jr.AndE.B.White),wecanjustuse“harvestWilliamStrunk,Jr.andE.B.White.1999.TheElementsofStyle[M].LongmanPress2.2UnnecessarymodifiersThemodifierisanadjectiveoranadverb.ChineseismoreaccommodatingofmodifiersthanEnglish.IftheyaretranslatedintoEnglishstraightly,thesentencemaybecomeemptyandpompous.Chinesefeelfinewithrepeatingmeaningwords,andtendtousealotofmodifiersinasentencetomakeitmorebeautifulandeasy-understanding.Somemodifiersaremeaninglessorevencumbrousinasentence.ItisanotherseriousprobleminChinese-Englishtranslation,anditisalsoneglectful.EveninsomeChinesepublications,thesekindsofproblemscanbefound.Therearetwoprimarytypesofunnecessarymodifiers,redundantmodifiersandself-evidentmodifiers.Thefirstisredundantmodifiers.Itcontainsthoseadjectivesoradverbswhosesensemayyetbecontainedinthemodifiedwordorotherelementsofthissentencelike“valuabletreasure”.Treasuremeansanypossessionthatishighlyvaluedbyitsowner.Italreadycontainedthemeaningvaluable.Anotherexampleis“popularfemalepopstarMadonna”.Hereareseveralmistakes.Firstofall,shecannotbeapopstarifsheisnotfamous.Therefore,popularisredundant,andwecandelayit.Secondly,evenforthosewhomightneverhaveheardthesinger,hername,Madonna,isalsoatotallyfemale’sname.Sofemaleisuselesstoo.Inaword,therightexpressionis“popstarMadonna”.Anotherisself-evidentmodifier.Suchuseofmodifieriswrongnotbecauseitisredundantwithotherwords,butfortheinformationitprovideistakenforgranted.Herearesomeexamples.Inthesentence“Weshouldappropriatelyraisethepurchasingpricesofgrainandcotton”,theadverbappropriatelyistotallyredundant,becausetheverbshouldhasalreadyincludethissense:weabsolutelyshoulddoeverything“appropriately”,justlikeweshouldalwaysdoagoodjob.2.3RedundantTwinsRedundanttwinsisoneofthemostdistinguishingcharacteristicsofunnecessarywords.Itreferstotwowordswhicharecloseinmeaningthatonewoulddo.Redundanttwinsincludesnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbs,likehelpandassistance,encourageandpromote,fairandequitable,firmlyandresolutely,etc.InChinese,wealwaysusetheseduplications,buttheyarenotacceptableinEnglish.Themostimportantthingisweneedtoavoidsuchmatters.Translationisakindofcross-languagecommunication,inwhichthetranslatorinevitablyhastodealwiththeredundantinformationinthesourcelanguage.Duetotheneedofrhetoric,structuralbalanceandgrammaticalintegrity,theredundantinformationcontainedinChineseisreflectedinvocabulary,sentences,paragraphsandchapters.However,Englishisarationallanguage.Sowhentranslating,themostimportantthingistoavoidpilingupwordsandconcentrateonconciseandcomprehensive.Herearesomeexamplesofredundanttwins.InChinese,weareconditionedtouse“theproblemcanbecorrectedandsolved.”InEnglishwritingrules,thesetwoverbscontaintheexactlysamemeanings,andwecanchooseonlyonetouse,like“theproblemcanbesolved”.Duetohistoricalreasonsandtheinfluenceofforeignwords,Englishvocabularyisquiterich.Manyofthesewordsaresynonymousorevencompletelyone.Anothersampleis“finishitbestandthoroughly”.Theword“best”contains“thorough”.Youbestfinishsomethingmeansyoufinishitperfectlyandthoroughly.Sothiscanbechangedinto“finishitbest”.Therefore,whentranslating,weshouldpaymoreattentiontojudgewhetherthetwowordsexpressthesamemeaningandcanbereplacedbyeachotherratherthanjustfocusonthedifference.3.ReasonsofChinglishEachproblemhasitscauses;unnecessarywordsalsohaveitsowncauses.Theyarerelatedtothethinkingpattern,tothelanguageusehabit,tothelearningmethodsandsoon.3.1DifferentthinkingpatternsbetweenChineseandEnglishThinkingmodeorhabitofthinkingisformedbyaregionoranationafteraconsiderableperiodofculturalaccumulation,theinfluenceofphilosophicalthoughtsandtheinheritanceoflivinghabits,whichisapathmodeofpeople'scognitionoftherealworld.Peopleindifferentculturalbackgroundshavedifferentwaysofthinkingduetotheirdifferentcognitiveapproachestoexternalthings.Thinkingisacognitiveprocessofanalyzing,synthesizing,judgingandreasoningthroughrepresentationsandconcepts.Itisanendogenousspiritualactivity.Fromtheperspectiveofthinking,bothabstractthinkingandimagethinkingarecloselyrelatedtothesocialandculturalenvironmentandhistory,anddifferentsocialculturesandhistoricalandculturalchangescanproducedifferentwaysofthinking.Language,ontheotherhand,isonlyatooloraformofwayofthinkingtoinformtheoutsideworld.Differentlanguageshavedifferentwaysofanalyzing,judgingandreasoningaboutappearancesandconcepts,whichisamanifestationofdifferentwaysofthinkingunderdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Translationistotransformonelanguageintoanotherwhilemaintainingthebasiccontentandartisticconceptionoflanguageexpression.Andtheanalysis,synthesisandjudgmentofappearancesinvolvedintranslationwillbehinderedbydifferencesinthinking.Aslanguageisthemanifestationofthought,thedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishwillabsolutelyleadtothedifferentwaysofexpression.Asweallknow,thetranslationbetweenChineseandEnglishisnotjustatransformationbetweenthesetwolanguages,alsoitisaconversionbetweenthistwothinkingmodels.ChineseandEnglishdifferinsequenceoflogicthinking:theChinesethinkinholisticpattern,whiletheEnglishthinkinanindividualway.ManyEnglishlearnersignoreorevendonotrealizethisdistinctness.What’sworse,Chinesestudentspaytoomuchattentiontothegrammarandwordrecitation.Whereas,thislearningmethodcompletelyseparateslanguagelearningfrompracticalapplicationwhichcausesuchasituationthatthosewhohavelearntEnglishforyearsandhaveaccumulatednumerousvocabularies,stillcan’texpressthemselvesinEnglisheffectively.Theydon’tknowhowtousethewordsthey’vememorizedandthewispydifferencesbetweenthewords.InsomeChineseEnglishtestlikepostgraduatequalifyingexamination,thereisaquestionwhichrequiresyoutodiscriminatethedifferentbetweenseveralwords,theidiomaticusage,theregulationandetc.Thisrequestyoutoknowthesekindsofwordsreallywellandexactlyknowtheusage.Nevertheless,suchkindofquestionalsojustpushesstudentstomemorizewordsmechanically.Sofromtheverybeginning,ignoringthedifferencesinthedistinctionbetweenthistwothinkingpatterns,ChineseandEnglish,ChineseEnglishlearnerslearnanduseEnglishinisolation.Andthat’sthemajorreasonofunnecessarywords.3.2InfluenceofNegativeLanguageTransferWiththefurtherdevelopmentofstudiesonsecondlanguageacquisition,appliedlinguistsgenerallyacknowledgetheimportanceofmothertongueinsecondlanguagelearning.AsEllis,theauthorof“ThestudyofSecondLanguageAcquisition”pointsout,"thereissolidevidencethatmothertongueisamajorfactoraffectsforeignlanguageacquisition.Nativelanguageandindividualdifferencesoflearners,learningstrategiesandlearningenvironmentinteractwitheachotherandjointlyinfluencelearners'foreignlanguagelearning.LanguageTransferistheinfluenceoftheknowledgeonegottonewknowledgeinlearning.Suchaninfluencecanbebothpositiveandnegative.Positiveinfluencemakelearnerlearnthelanguagefasterandconveniently,onthecontrary,thenegativeonemakesmoreobstructionswhenpeoplelearninganewlanguage.Forthisreasonwhatwebasicallydiscussinthisarticleisthenegativeside.Normally,whenwelearnsomethingnew,theknowledgewe’vealreadygotcaninfluenceourlearningprocess,anditmayhelpusetolearnnewthingsfasterandhaveabetterunderstandingofthem.Forexample,anEnglishnativespeakerwilllearnFrenchfasterthanChinese.ThereasonisthatEnglishandFrenchbelongtothesamelanguagefamily,whileChinesebelongstotheother.Furthermore,whenchoosinganotherforeignlanguagetolearn,mostEnglishmajorstudentspreferFrench.ItisbecausethatsomeoftheFrenchgrammarissimilartoEnglish.Itmakesthemtolearniteasier.Butwhenthefirstlanguagedifferentfromthesecondhugely,theinfluencewillbecomeamatter.Astheformersaid,EnglishandChinesebelongsintwodifferentlanguagefamily,andarealmosttotallydifferentwitheachother.ThismakespeoplelearnEnglishharderthanothers.Therulesweknewbeforemaketroubleinanewlanguagelearning,inconscientlyandunavoidably.Ingeneral,negativetransferofmothertongueisgreaterthanpositivetransfer.Meanwhile,intheearlystagesoflearning,Englishlearnersarenotskilledenoughtousethislanguageproperly.Sotheytendtousetheirnativelanguageknowledge,makingnegativetransfermoresignificant.IfaChinese-Englishtranslationmistakenlyusesafixedthinkingpatternanddoesnotchangethemeaningofthelanguagecombiningwiththecontextofthearticle,thephenomenonofChinglishwillcertainlyappear.3.3TheFossilizationofLanguageLearningInChina,mostwonderwhytheystillexpressthemselvesefficientlyafteralongtimeofEnglishlearning.Itisbecausepeoplepaymuchattentiontogrammarpracticeandtherecitationofwords.TheyarelearningEnglishinisolation.JustasthepartingChinesetranslatorandpoetGuangzhongYuoncesaid,"ThecurrenttranslationofEnglishlearnersare'BritishChineseorChinglish'."Asaresult,nomatterhowhardthestudentstry,theycan'timprovetheirwriting,andthenativeEnglishspeakerscan'tunderstandtheirarticles.ThemainreasonforthisfossilizationoflanguagelearningisthemistakesmadeatthebeginningoflearningEnglish,recitingwordsinisolation.ItmakesstudentsknowlittleaboutEnglishmind,andtheywritearticleinChinese.ToomuchemphasisplacedonrecitingwordsinisolationinsteadofputtingwordsintheactualcontextandsentenceswilltotallymakethefossilizationinlearningEnglishIfwordsarerecitedsimply,itiseasyforustoforgetthemandwecannotusethemproperly.AmongEnglishmajorstudents,theyallhavetwokindofvocabulary:oneisthoseyoujustknowtheirChinesemeanings;anotheristhoseyouknowhowtouse.Whenreallyused,mostwordswememorizedfailtoexpresstheirmeanings.Andthatiswhatwecalledphenomenonofrandomcollocation.GraduallyChinglishcomeintoyourtranslationandyoucannotevenrealizethem.4.SolutionstotheUnnecessaryWordsByanalyzingthecausesofunnecessarywords,wecanfindsomepossiblesolutionsanditmaymakeadifferencetomakepeopleuseitlessthanbefore.Thesolutionsinvolvesconsciousnessandpratice.4.1EnhancingCross-culturalCommunicationConsciousnessIntheformerpart,wehavementionedthatoneofthereasonsofChinglishisthedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternwaysofthinking.Translationisnotonlythetransformationoflanguagesigns,butalsothetransformationofculture.Thedifferencebetweenthe“wholeandindividual”mentionedin"thinkingmodeandlanguagedifference"inthefirstpointoftranslationbasisreferstothecontrastbetweenthatChineseviewoverallandtheBritishviewindividuallyinthinking.Reflectedinlanguage,theemphasisontheoverallthinkingmodemakesthelanguage"highlighttheoverallframework"and"strivetobecomprehensiveandconsiderate".Undertheinfluenceofindividualanalysis,English"hasastrongformalstructure"andpursues"individualsatisfactionandperfection".Sotosolvethisproblem,weneedtocultivatethethoughtofinterculturalcommunication.Interculturalcommunicationawarenessreferstothesensitivitytothesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthenativecultureandanotherculture,andtheawarenesstoadjustone'sownlanguageunderstandingandlanguageoutputaccordingtothetargetlanguageculturewhenusinganotherlanguage.Specifically,itmeans"sensitivityoffeeling,scientificalnessofunderstanding,appropriatenessofhandlingandconsciousnessofculturalintegration".Agoodawarenessofinterculturalcommunicationcanhelpforeignlanguagelearnerstoconsciouslyeliminateallkindsofobstaclestheymayencounterintheprocessofcommunicatingwithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage,thusensuringtheeffectivenessofthewholecommunicationprocess.Tocultivatethethoughtofinternationalcommunication,weneedtobaseonChineseculturetostudyBritishandAmericanculture.Throughthecomparisonofthetwocultureswecanstrengthentheawarenessofinterculturalcommunication.Ontheonehand,learningwesternculturewithoutunderstandingChineseculturewillleadtotheoverallwesternizationoflearners.Ontheotherhand,becausethereisonlyonekindofculturallearning,thereisnointerculturalcommunication.Sothereisnoquestionofitsconsciousnesscultivation.Asmentionedabove,asaninterdisciplinarysubject,translationinvolvestheconversionoflanguageandculturebetweenbilinguals.ThepremiseofChinese-Englishtranslationneedsthetranslatorhaveadeepunderstandingofhis/herownnationalculture,andthenmakethetranslationaccurateonthebasisofathoroughunderstandingofwesternculture.Therefore,whencultivatingourawarenessofinterculturalcommunication,westernculturecannotbesimplytaught.Instead,weshouldintroduceourownnationalcultureandmakestudentsunderstandwesternculturethroughcomparativeanalysis,andtherebystrengthenstudents'awarenessofcross-culturalcommunication.4.2AvoidingWord-to-WordtranslationAsweallknow,EnglishandChineseareinadifferentlanguagefamily,whichmakeitswordscontainalotdifferences.WhendoingChinese-Englishtranslation,mostofareusedtotranslatethearticlefromwordtoword.Afterall,thefirstprinciplewewerealwaystoldbeforeistheloyaltytotheoriginal,andformostbeginners,itisalsothemostimportantruletoobey.Unfortunately,itismisunderstoodbysomelearners.Theythinkitrequiresthemtotranslatesentenceswordtoword.ThatistheverytimeChinglishcomesout.Sohowcanweavoidsuchtranslationandtranslatesentencesmoreproperly?First,weneedtodoalargenumberofpractices.MostEnglishmajorstudentsexpeciallythetranslationmajorswilluseawaytotraintheirtranslationskills.TheywilltranslateChineseintoEnglishandthentranslateitbackintoChinese,andthentranslateitintoEnglishagain.Theywillcheckthedifferencebetweeneachtranslation.Bythiswaytheycanfindouttheirdisadvantagesandtrytodecreasethemnexttime.Graduallysuchmistakewilldisappear.Also,itrequiresustoreadmoreEnglisharticlewrittenbyEnglishnativespeakersortheChinese-EnglishtranslationbybrilliantwesternorChinesetranslators.Weneedtolearnfromtheirworks:howtheytranslateChineseintoEnglish;whatwordstheyuseindifferenttranslation;andwhattheytrytoavoidword-to-wordtranslation,etc.Allthismethods,skillsandprinciplestheyusearethepreciouswecanget.Meanwhile,wecanalsotrytotranslatethearticletheyoncetranslatedandcomparethedifferencebetweenyourworkandtheirs.4.3LearningtoSubtractAsweallknow,EnglishisdifferentfromChineseEnglishisanorthographiclanguage,onthecontrary,Chineseisideographic.Inthiscase,theuseofEnglishandChineselexiconsisdifferent.WhenwelearnChinese,weknowthateachwordonlyhadthisseveralmeanings,andwejustdon’tmindifthemeaningisrepeated.That’swhyweregarditasanormalthingthatifonesays“Thisproductimportsfromaforeigncountry.”ButeachEnglishvocabularycontentsalot:indifferentcontext,eachwordisanewone.Sothefirststepforusistolearnawordcomprehensively,includingitsuseandtheinternalmeaningitcontended.Hereisatip,wecanmemorizetheEnglishmeaningofawordwhenconsultingadictionaryratherthanitsChinese.Itdefinitelywillhelpyoutoknowtheactualmeaningofaword.BecausetheEnglishmeaningcanalwaysshowusthetruemeaningofanEnglishwordandhelpustorecgonizethefinedistinctionsbetweenwords.Afterweknowtrulyknowtheword,wecanstarttosubtract.Forexample,“weneedtoensuretherelationshipofcooperationbetweenus.”canbechangeinto“weneedtoensurethecooperationbetweenus”.“Cooperation”itselfcontentsarelationshipbetweenpeople,ifweaddrelationshipitbecomeverbalization.Allinall,weneedtolearnhowtosubtracttheextrawordandmakeourcontextmoreidiomatic.ConclusionThedreamofeachEnglishlearneristhathe/shecanuseEnglishasgoodasanEnglishnativespeaker.However,it’simpossibletodosofornotonlyarewedifferentinthinkingpatterns,butthemistakeswemadeinourEnglishlearninglife.Whatwecandoistryourbesttofindoutourproblemsandthinkwaystoavoidthem.Allinall,thebriefstudyofunnecessarywordsinChinglishexplainsfromthreepart.Firstofall,thisarticleenumeratesthreekindsofunnecessarywords,unnecessarynouns,unnecessarymodifiersandredundanttwins.Fromthispart,itillustrateswhattheseunnecessarywordsareandhowtorecognizethem.Andthengivesomeexamplestomaketheexplanationclearerandeasiertounderstand.Thenarethereasonsfortheunnecessarywords.Inthisarticle,therearethreepossiblecausesoftheunnecessarywords.TheyaredifferentthinkingpatternbetweenChineseandEnglish,negativelanguagetransferandthefossilizationinEnglishlearningprocess.Andaccordingtothesereason,ittrytofindoutsomepossiblesolutions.Inthecontinueddevelopedsociety,English,asoneoftheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedNations,hasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Meanwhile,ChinahavethelargestpopulationinlearningEnglish.Thus,thestudyofChinglishisessentialpractical.Inthebook“TheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish”,theauthor,JoanPinkam,dividesChinglishintotwopart:unnecessarywordsandsentencestructure.Inthisarticle,wemainlydiscussthefirstone,unnecessarywords.ThecruxofunnecessarywordsinChinglishliesinthefact