高考英语一轮复习 板块2 专题语法 3句法篇 第4讲 精通常用句式-3大从句和特殊句式 第4节 特殊句式

第四节特殊句式第四讲

祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代词。考点精析考点1祈使句祈使句的4种形式：(1)动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)；(2)Be＋表语，如Behonest.；(3)Let’s/Letusdo/notdosth；(4)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。(1)what引导的感叹句·What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！·What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！Whatlovelychildrentheyare!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！考点2感叹句(2)how引导的感叹句·How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！·How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！·How＋主语＋谓语！Howinterestingastoryitis!→Whataninterestingstoryitis!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！Howtimeflies！时间过得真快呀！

省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：(1)状语从句的省略：在when,while,if,asif,though,as,whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。Themanisrollingonthegroundasif(heis)hurtbadlyintheleg.那个男的在地上打着滚，似乎他的腿伤得厉害。考点3省略句(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用notto。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be,have(作助动词用)，通常保留be或have。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidn’twantto(seethefilm).我要他去看电影，但他不想去。(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had,should,were时，可以省去if，同时把had,should,were置于句首。Weretheytogetmarried，theywouldbehappy.要是他们结婚的话，他们会幸福的。

强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下六点：(1)被强调部分是人时，连接词用that/who都可以；非人时，用that。(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分。(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？WhenwasitthathemovedtoAmerica?他是什么时候搬到美国去的？考点4强调句(4)含not...until...的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋...＋that＋其他部分。(5)把句子中的“Itis/was...that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。(6)如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do,does或did。Thefamilydidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。(1)部分倒装①将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never，seldom，rarely，little，few，atnotime，bynomeans，nolonger，hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，notonly...butalso...，notuntil，nowhere，neither...nor...等。NotuntilIlostmyjobdidIrealizeIshouldimprovemyworkingskills.

直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。考点5两种形式的倒装句②“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。③so/such...that...结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的进步，因此受到了表扬。④表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。IsawthefilmMy

Country，My

Parentslastweek,sodidshe.我上周看了电影《我和我的父辈》，她也看了。(2)完全倒装here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,onthewall,intheroom等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。ThePublicSquareisaneye－catchingsightofthecity.Therestandmanystonesculpturesoffamoushistoricalfigures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。1.多么有意义的一次经历啊！(what) __________________________________________________________________2.我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的！”(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) __________________________________________________________________ ____________________即时训练翻译下列句子Whatameaningfulexperience！Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyteachershoutedatme，“Keepup，andyouwillmakeit！”3.怀着巨大的勇气和决心我才穿过了终点线。(强调句) _________________________________________________________________ ______________4.众所周知，只有通过努力训练我们才能在比赛时表现出色。(only＋介词短语) ___________________________________________________________________5.在后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚(tumble)的狗狗。(完全倒装句) _________________________________________________________________ItwaswithgreatcourageanddeterminationthatIfinallycrossedthefinishingline.Asisknowntoall，onlybypracticinghardcanweperformwellinthematch.Inthebackyardweretwohappydogstumblingaboutonthegrassland.层级一模拟达标练分层演练单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2022·池州一模)AsoneofthemostwealthyandpowerfuldynastiesinthehistoryofChina,theTangEmpireissofamousintheworldthatforeignerscalltheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”，theplaces____________theylive“Chinatown”andtheclothestheywear“Tangsuit”．where2.(2022·宣城二模)Tomakemattersworse，somedialectshaveevendisappearedduetotheadoptionofPutonghua____________isrequiredinpublicplaceslikeschoolsandcompanies.3.(2022·赣州一模)“______________deeplytouchedusisthatmanystudentschosetospendthenightsofLunarNewYear’sEveandthenextday,usuallythetimeforfamilygatheringsandrelaxing,studyinginclassrooms，”saidHu.that/whichWhat4.(2022·厦门外国语学校模拟)TheVictoriansweretheones____________madeBoxingDayaBankHolidayin1871.5.(2022·肇庆三模)LesssnowcoverinthemountainsisimportantintheWestandAlaska,____________willgreatlyreducethechancesofdisasterscausedbytoomuchsnow.6.(2022·宜春二模)TouristdestinationsinEuropeareconfident____________thestronggrowthofChina’swintersportsindustrywillbenefittheireconomies.whowhichthat7.(2022·黄冈二模)Asastudent,Ihopethattheyoungcanfocusmoreattentiononpracticing____________theyhavelearned.8.(2022·福州四校联盟模拟)Expertssay____________isneedediscontinuousattentionandmaintenance.9.(2022·南昌二模)Theyliveinclosegroups,____________causedrapidinfectionsamongthem.COVID－19hasthepotentialtowipeoutdifferentkindsofapes______________humansdon’ttakestepstopreventitsspread.whatwhatwhichif10.(2022·萍乡二模)Thisis____________wehavechosenthesefoursportstopresenttotheInternationalOlympicCommittee.11.(2022·江西重点中学联盟联考)Makemarkswhichyouhavequestions._______________12.(2022·石家庄市期末)I’vemadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudy，sohardworkisthekeytosuccess.____________whywhich→whereso→because13.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.____________14.I’dlikearoomwhichwindowlooksoutoverthesea.________________15.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.____________that→wherewhich→whose去掉whenⅠ.单句语法填空1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)____________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout－of－this－worldscenes.2.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.层级二高考真题练Whatwhere3.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist____________paintingswerealmostlifelike.4.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefood____________isprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.5.(2020·浙江7月卷)Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson____________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.6.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)____________heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.whosethatwhatWhen/As7.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence____________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.8.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,____________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.9.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters____________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.10.(2019·浙江6月卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth____________givesofflightinthedark.thatwhichwhothat/whichⅡ.单句改错1.(2021·全国甲卷)Inmyopinion，whereintrouble，weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmost.______________________2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter，whatreallymademehappy.______________________3.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.______________________where→when/wheneverwhat→whichwhere→when4.(全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish._______________________________5.(全国卷Ⅱ)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.______________________6.(全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.______________________7.(全国卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.______________________which→where或which前加inwhere→whenthat→whichthat→where8.(四川卷)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.________________________________9.(全国卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.____________________10.(全国卷Ⅱ)Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.___________________________what→that或which，或者去掉whatthat→whichwhere→that或者去掉whereⅠ.语法填空Youhaveprobablydreamedabout1.____________youwouldchangetheworld,onlytofind2.____________itseemsimpossible.However,youmayhavethepowertomaketheworldbetterwithbabysteps.That’stheideabehindtheBAChallenge,3.____________isapublicservicecampaignco－initiatedbyAlibabaandSinaWeibo.Itaskspeopletodosomethingpositiveandthenrecordthechangesbeforeandafter.4.____________itfirstappearedonSinaWeiboonSept.2nd,theBAChallengehasattractedmillionsofviewersandparticipants.5.____________theselittlethingsmaybeeasilyignoredinourdailylives,theyarewellreceivedbymanyviewers.层级三语篇提能练答案1.how

[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，

“________youwouldchangetheworld”是介词about的宾语，根据句意“你也许梦想如何改变世界”可知，此处用how引导宾语从句。]2.that

[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“________itseemsimpossible”是find的宾语，从句在结构和句意上均完整，故用that引导宾语从句。]3.which

[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是theBAChallenge，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。]4.Since

[考查状语从句。该句主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时，根据时间先后可知，“英王挑战赛首次出现在新浪微博上”是发生在“吸引了数百万观众和参与者”之前的动作，故此处用since引导时间状语从句，表“自从”。]5.Though/Although/While

[考查状语从句。根据设空后的“这些小事在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视”和“他们受很多观众的欢迎”是让步关系，应用Though/Although/While“尽管”引导让步状语从句。]Ⅱ.短文改错IamwritingtoshowmydeeplyapologyfornotbeingabletomakemydailyreportthisFridaywhenIhavebeenpre