2025年自考本科英语二完形填空测试试卷（含答案）

2025年自考本科英语二完形填空测试试卷（含答案）考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷阅读下面的短文，文后列出了20个单词，请根据文章内容，从这20个单词中为每个句子空格选择一个最恰当的词。每个单词仅使用一次。TheChallengeofUrbanSustainabilityUrbanizationisacceleratingatanunprecedentedrateworldwide,transforminglandscapesandreshapingsocieties.Citiesconsumevastamountsofresourcesandgeneratesignificantwaste,placingimmensepressureontheenvironment.Achievingsustainabilityinurbanareashasbecomeacriticalpriorityforgovernments,businesses,andresidentsalike.Itinvolvesbalancingeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotectionandsocialequitytoensurecitiesremainhabitableandvibrantforfuturegenerations.However,implementingsustainablepracticesfacesnumerouschallengesthatrequireinnovativesolutions.Onemajorhurdleistheinfrastructurethatcharacterizesmostcities.Existingbuildingsandtransportationnetworksoftenrequiresubstantialupgradesorretrofittingtomeetenergyefficiencyandemissionreductionstandards.Thehighcostassociatedwithsuchupgradescanbeasignificantbarrier,particularlyfordevelopingnationsorlow-incomecommunities.Furthermore,integratingrenewableenergysourceslikesolarorwindpowerintourbangridscanbecomplexduetoexistingtechnologicalandregulatorylimitations.Urbansprawlalsocontributestotheproblem,consumingagriculturallandandincreasingrelianceonprivatevehicles,whichinturnraisespollutionlevels.Anothersignificantchallengeliesinmanagingurbanpopulationgrowth.Asmorepeoplemovetocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,thedemandforhousing,water,food,andotheressentialservicesincreasesdramatically.Thisputsstrainonalreadylimitedresourcesandcanleadtoovercrowding,inadequatesanitation,andthespreadofdiseases.Providingqualityeducation,healthcare,andemploymentopportunitiesforarapidlygrowingandoftendiversepopulationisalsoacomplextask.Socialinequalitycanbeexacerbatedinrapidlyurbanizingareas,creatingdisparitiesinaccesstoresourcesandservicesbetweendifferentcommunities.Thegenerationanddisposalofwasterepresentyetanothercriticalissue.Modernlifestylesresultinhighlevelsofconsumption,producingvastquantitiesofmunicipalsolidwaste.Traditionallandfillmethodsareincreasinglyunsustainableduetolandscarcityandenvironmentalcontaminationrisks.Implementingeffectivewastemanagementstrategies,includingreduction,reuse,recycling,andcomposting,isessentialbutoftenmetwithpublicresistanceorlackofinfrastructure.Thechallengeextendstomanaginghazardouswasteandelectronicwaste,whichrequirespecializeddisposalprocedurestopreventenvironmentalharm.Adoptingsustainableurbanpracticesalsorequiresbehavioralchangesfromresidents.Encouragingpublictransportationuse,cycling,andwalkinginsteadofrelyingsolelyonprivatecarscansignificantlyreduceemissionsandtrafficcongestion.Promotingconservationhabitssuchassavingwaterandenergyinhouseholdsisequallyimportant.However,changinglong-establishedhabitsandencouragingbroadpublicparticipationcanbedifficult.Educationandawarenesscampaignsarecrucial,buttheyneedtobecomplementedbysupportivepoliciesandconvenientinfrastructureoptions.Ultimately,addressingurbansustainabilitychallengesnecessitatesaholisticandcollaborativeapproach.Governmentsmustplayaleadingroleby制定policies,investingingreentechnologies,andcreatingregulatoryframeworksthatincentivizesustainabledevelopment.Theprivatesectorcancontributebydevelopinginnovativesolutionsandadoptingenvironmentallyresponsiblepracticesintheiroperations.Academicinstitutionsandresearchorganizationsarevitalforgeneratingknowledgeanddevelopingnewtechnologies.Mostimportantly,citizensmustbecomeactiveparticipantsintheircities'sustainabilityefforts,makingenvironmentallyconsciouschoicesintheirdailylives.Onlythroughthiscollectivesynergycancitieshopetoovercometheformidableobstaclestoasustainablefuture.Words:1.accelerate2.infrastructure3.population4.municipal5.hazardous6.electronic7.holistic8.synergy9.unprecedented10.retrofitting11.disparities12.initiatives13.reliance14.exacerbate15.generation16.procedures17.behaviors18.awareness19.frameworks20.policiesTherapidincreaseincitysizeworldwideputsconsiderablepressureonenvironmentalresources.Existingbuildingsinurbanareasoftenneedsignificantupdatestomeetmodernenvironmentalstandards.Thedemandforbasicservicesrisessharplyasmoreindividualsmigratetocities.Thiscanleadtosocialdivisionsandunequalaccesstoessentialamenities.Wastemanagementisamajorurbanproblemduetohighconsumptionlevels.Landfillsarebecominglesspracticalbecauseofspacelimitationsandpollutionconcerns.Specializeddisposalisnecessaryforcertaintypesofwastetopreventenvironmentaldamage.Encouragingpeopletousebicyclescanhelpdecreasetrafficjamsandpollution.Residentialenergyconservationisanotherimportantaspectofsustainableliving.Changingingrainedhabitscanbechallenging,butpublicsupportisessential.Collaborationamongdifferentgroupsisnecessarytotackleurbansustainabilityeffectively.Governmentsshouldcreaterulesthatencouragebusinessestoadoptgreenerpractices.Researchinstitutionsarecrucialfordevelopingnewsustainabletechnologies.Citizensmustbecomemoreinvolvedinmakingtheircitiesenvironmentallyfriendly.Onlybyworkingtogethercancitieshopetoachieveasustainablefuture.Thedevelopmentofrenewableenergysourcesfacesobstaclesrelatedtothecurrentenergygrid.Diversecommunitieswithincitiesrequiretailoredapproachestoensureequalopportunities.Thetransitiontosustainableinfrastructureofteninvolveshighinitialcosts.Understandingthefullscopeoftheproblemrequiresacomprehensiveview.Effectivesolutionsdependonthecoordinatedeffortofallstakeholders.试卷答案1.unprecedented思路：句意为“全球城市化以前所未有的速度加速”，unprecedented意为“前所未有的”，符合语境。2.infrastructure思路：句意为“现有城市设施需要大量升级以满足现代环境标准”，infrastructure意为“基础设施”，符合语境。3.population思路：句意为“随着更多个人迁往城市，对基本服务的需求急剧上升”，population意为“人口”，符合语境。4.disparities思路：句意为“这会导致社会分裂和基本服务获取的不平等”，disparities意为“差距，不平等”，符合语境。5.municipal思路：句意为“废物管理是城市的主要问题，因为消费水平很高”，municipal意为“市政的，城市的”，符合语境。6.hazardous思路：句意为“需要专门的处置程序来防止环境损害”，hazardous意为“有害的，危险的”，符合语境。7.holistic思路：句意为“解决城市可持续性挑战需要整体和协作的方法”，holistic意为“整体的”，符合语境。8.synergy思路：句意为“只有通过这种协同努力，城市才能希望实现可持续的未来”，synergy意为“协同效应”，符合语境。9.reliance思路：句意为“将可再生能源源整合到城市电网中可能很复杂，因为存在现有技术和监管限制”，reliance意为“依赖”，符合语境。10.retrofitting思路：句意为“对现有城市设施进行大量升级以满足现代环境标准”，retrofitting意为“改造，升级”，符合语境。11.exacerbate思路：句意为“这会加剧社会分裂和基本服务获取