2026年上海市普通高校春季高考英语仿真模拟卷03 （全解全析）

1/162026年上海市普通高校春季高考英语仿真模拟卷03（上海专用）（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：140分）ListeningComprehension（第1-10题,每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionyouwilltenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersondecidewhichisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveA.Atarestaurant. B.Atabank.Atagym. D.Atasupermarket.A.Interviewerandinterviewee. B.Headmasterandchemistryteacher.Doctorandpatient. D.Receptionistandhotelguest.A.Themancanfindhistalentbyhimself.It’simpossibletofindone’shiddentalent.Thebookwon’tbeasgoodasitisintroduced.It’sridiculoustojudgeapersonbyhistalent.A.Hehasn’tpaidthemoney. B.Hearrivedlateattheairport.C.Therewasastrikeattheairport. D.Hefeltitashametotravelalone.A.Bothofthemwerelateforschooltwoweeksago.Themanstayedupstudyinguntilthenextmorning.Themanbrokeupwiththewomanseveraldaysago.Theirschedulewassotightthattheystudiedinthemorning.A.Theboy’shomeworkisnotasmuchashedescribes.Theboyshouldstartdoinghomeworkratherthancomplain.Theboyshouldhavefinishedsomehomeworkatschool.Theboyshouldcomplaintohisteacherabouttoomuchhomework.A.Jack’sfatherisabaseballfan. B.It’swinterinNewZealand.C.ThematchwillbeheldinEngland. D.Themanwisheshecouldplaybaseball.A.Theydivorced20yearsago.Theyoftenargueaboutwheretolive.They’reusedtothecharacterofthepartner.Theyfeelregretfulfortheargumentsmadeduringmarriage.9.A.600B.1200.C.1800. D.2400.A.Thecorrectwaytowashasweater.Themaintenanceofamachine.Theeffectofcyclingoncoldweather.Thespecialwaytoidentifywoolenproducts.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Futureresearchers. B.Collegestudents. C.Companyemployees. D.Successfulartists.A.Toteachthelistenershowtoworkhard.Toenablethelistenerstogetbettersalaries.Topreparethelistenerstogetbetterjobs.Toencouragethelistenerstoseizeopportunities.A.Kindness. B.Diligence. C.Willingness. D.Interest.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Thebenefitsofwalking. B.Theimportanceofkeepingfit.C.Thewayofformingahabit. D.Thepossibilityofexcisingregularly.A.Becauseitneedsmuchthinking. B.Becausepeoplecanimprovetheirmemory. C.Becauseitissuitableforeveryone. D.Becausepeopleneedn’tconcentrateonit.A.Itistheeasiestwaytoloseweight. B.Itcanbemadepartofpeople’slife.C.Itcanmakepeople’sheartsstronger.D.Itpreventspeoplesufferingfromcancers.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.HehasjustbeenbackfromSouthAmerica. B.Hehasbeenburntforafewhours.C.HehasbeensurfingtheInternetforlong. D.Hehasbeendoingschoolworkallnight.A. B.meetnewfriendsinthenetchat-room.C.releasepressurefromheavywork. D.lookforinformationforhisproject.A.Quiteafewsitesarejustoldeventcalendars.awasteoftimetosurftheInternet.Alotofinformationcanbefound.AlotoffriendscanbemadeontheInternet.A.Peoplespendmuchtimetalkingaboutotherinterests.Ittakeslongtofindthingsbecauseofmanyuselesssites.Itishardtostartchattingwithothersinthechat-room.hardlythebestsourceofinformationavailable.【听力答案】SectionA: 1-5 BACCD 6-10BACCASectionB: 11-13BCC 14-16ADD 17-20CDCB【录音文字稿附后】II.GrammarandVocabulary（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.The17-year-oldmakingfilmsfunfordeafchildrenForeight-year-oldToby,whoisdeaf,watchingfilmsorTVcansometimesbeabitpointless,becausesomanyofthemdon’thavesignlanguageversions.“Wehavesubtitles(字幕)butitgoestoofast,”hisdadJarodMillssaid.Butnow,Tobyhassomehelpthankstoanapp1(develop)bya17-year-oldstudent,MariellaSatow,whocreatedasigningappcalledSignUp.Shegottheideawhenshe2(teach)herselfAmericanSignLanguage(ASL)—oneofhundredsofsignlanguagesusedacrosstheworld.MariellawantedtowatchTVshowstohelpherlearn,andshewasdisappointed3(discover)howfewhadsignedversions.It’stakenayearforMariellatodevelopthetechnology,withlotsofhelpfromASLteachersandthedeafcommunity.TheappisavailableintheUSasabrowserextension—withaninterpreterappearinginabox4thefilmstartsplaying.ItonlyworksonDisneyPlusfilmsatthemoment,becausethat’s5Mariellathoughtshecouldhelpthemostchildren.Jarod,6worksataschoolfordeafchildren,saysitwas“exciting”watchingTobyuseMariella’sinvention.Hesays,“Kidsaregettinginformationlikeanyhearingchilddoes.”DeafpeopleintheUKfacemanyofthesamebarrierswhenitcomestocinemaandTV.“Ahearingperson7gotothecinemaanytimewhereasdeafpeoplehavetomakesurethere’sasuitableviewingatimewe’refree,”says27-year-oldStaceyWorboysfromCardiff.ShehaslearnedBritishSignLanguage(BSL),andiscomfortableusingsubtitleswhenwatchingTVshowsandfilms.Butshefeelshavinganinterpreterwouldmakethings8(easy),especiallyforsomeonewhomightstrugglewithsubtitles.StaceyandTobyaren’ttheonlypeopletobewelcomingMariella’sapp.It’snowgotthousandsofusers,andshe’sworkinglongdaystobalanceitwithherA-levelstudies.ThetimedifferencefromNewYorktoherschoolinRugby,Warwickshire,meansshesetsheralarmfor5am.Sheadmitsit’s“abittough”—butthesilverliningisitgiveshertimetoworkonSignUponcelessonsareover.ThepositivereactionfromteachersandparentshaskeptMariella9(motivate)tofacetheearlystarts.“Themostmeaningfulcommentsarewhenit’sthefirsttimeachild10(have)fullaccesstoamovie.Thenumbersdon’treallymatter.Instead,it’sthemessages.”shesays.【答案】1．developed2．wasteaching3．todiscover4．once5．where6．who7．can8．easier9．motivated10．hashad【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文叙述了17岁的学生MariellaSatow开发了一款名为“Signup”的手语应用程序，方便失聪人群看电影。1．考查非谓语。句意：但是现在，托比得到了一些帮助，这要感谢17岁的学生玛丽拉·萨托开发的一款应用程序，她创建了一款名为“SignUp”的手语应用程序。空处为非谓语动词，app与develop为被动关系，用过去分词。故填developed。2．考查时态。句意：她在自学美国手语时产生了这个想法，ASL是世界上使用的数百种手语之一。根据句意可知，表示过去一直在做的事情，为过去进行时。故填wasteaching。3．考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽拉想看电视节目来帮助她学习，但是她失望地发现很少用手语。bedisappointedtodosth失望做某事。故填todiscover。4．考查连词。句意：这款应用在美国以浏览器扩展的形式提供，一旦电影开始播放，就会出现一个翻译框。空处填连词，表示“一旦”，用once引导时间状语从句。故填once。5．考查表语从句。句意：目前它只适用于迪士尼Plus电影，因为玛丽拉认为在那里她能够为最多的孩子们提供帮助。空处引导表语从句，表示地点用连接副词where。故填where。6．考查定语从句。句意：贾罗德在一所聋哑儿童学校工作，他说看到托比使用玛丽拉的发明时感到非常兴奋。先行词Jarod，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词who。故填who。7．考查情态动词。句意：一个听力正常的人能在任何时候去电影院，而聋哑人必须确保在我们有空的时候有合适的观看时间。后跟动词原形，表示“能够”应用情态动词can。故填can。8．考查形容词。句意：但她觉得配备一名口译员会让事情变得更容易些，尤其是对于那些可能难以理解字幕的人来说更是如此。根据句意表示更容易，用形容词比较级easier，作宾语补足语。故填easier。9．考查非谓语动词。句意：老师和家长的积极反应让玛丽埃拉有动力去面对提前开始。Mariella与motivate在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填motivated。10．考查时态。句意：最有意义的评论是当孩子第一次完全接触到一部电影时。本句为固定句型，itis+the+序数词+（that）+现在完成时，主语为单数，谓语为单数。故填hashad。SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA．clocked

B．flexibility

C．operational

D．stress-related

E.impacted

F.productivityG.initiative

H.theoretically

I.granted

J.scale

K.extremelyAgrowingnumberofsmallercompaniesareadoptingafour-dayworkweek.NowtheresultsofarecenttrialatMicrosoft(MSFT)suggestitcouldworkevenformajorcorporations.ThecompanyinitiatedaprogramthissummerinJapancalledthe“WeekLifeChoiceChallenge”,whichshutdownitsofficeseveryFridayinAugustand11allemployeesanadditionaldayoffeachweek.Theresultswerestriking:Whiletheamountoftimespentatworkwascutsubstantially12measuredbysalesperemployeewentupbynearly40%comparedtothesameperiodthepreviousyear,thecompanystatedinareleaselastweek.Inadditiontocurtailingworkinghours,managersurgedstafftocutdownonthetimetheyspentinmeetingandrespondingtoemails.Theyrecommendedthatmeetingsshouldlasttolongerthan30minutes.Employeeswerealsoencouragedto13downthenumberofmeetingsbyusinganonlinemessagingapp(Microsoft’s,ofcourse).Theeffectswerewidespread.Morethan90%ofMicrosoft’s2,200employeesinJapansaidtheywere14bythenewmeasures,accordingtothecompany.Areportreportedthebenefitsofthenewmeasures,accordingtothefirm.Byshuttingdownearlierstock,thecompanywasalsoabletoachievesignificantsavingsin15costssuchaselectricity.Theinitiativeistimely.Japanhaslongstruggledwithagrim—andinsomecases,fatal—cultureofoverwork.Theproblemissoseverethatthecountryhasevencoinedatermforit—kazouhi,meaningdeathbyoverworkresultingfrom16illnessesorseveredepression.Theissueattractedinternationalattentionin2015,whenanemployeeatJapaneseadvertisinggiantDetsuncommittedsuicideonChristmasDay.Tokyoauthoritieslaterconcludedthatshehadbeensubjectedtoexcessiveovertime.Twoyearslater,ajournalistataJapanesebroadcastingnetworkdiedafterworking17longhours.Heremployerdisclosedthatshehad18in159hoursofovertimeonmonthprecedingherdeath.Thathaspromptedbusinessestoseeksolutions.Somecompanieshavebegunofferingemployeesgreater19inthegovernmenthaslaunchedacampaigntitled“PremiumFriday,”whichadvocatesforearlydepartureeverylastFridayofthemonth.Microsoft,foritspart,hasannounceditsintentiontoexecuteanotherlarge-scalecollaborationinJapanlatethisyeartotackleemployeeswithdevisinginnovativestrategiestoenhancework-lifebalanceandoperationalefficiency.Furthermore,italsohopesotherenterprisescanjointhe20.【答案】11．I12．F13．J14．E15．C16．D17．K18．A19．B20．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍微软在日本推行“工作生活选择挑战”项目，让员工一周工作四天，结果人均销售额大增且节省运营成本，还讨论了日本过度工作文化及应对措施。11．考查动词。句意：今年夏天，该公司在日本发起了一项名为“每周生活选择挑战”的计划，该计划在8月的每个星期五关闭办公室，并允许所有员工每周额外休息一天。空格处与shutdown并列作谓语，结合句意，选项I.granted表示“给予”，符合句意，此处用过去式与shut(过去式)保持一致。故选I项。12．考查名词。句意：结果是惊人的：该公司在上周的一份新闻稿中表示，虽然工作时间大幅减少，但以每位员工的销售额衡量的生产率比去年同期增长了近40%。空格处为句子的主语，应用名词，选项F.productivity为名词，表示“生产力”，符合句意。故选F项。13．考查动词。句意：公司还鼓励员工通过使用在线消息应用程序（当然是微软的）来减少会议次数。空前to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，选项J.scale和后文的down构成短语，scaledown意为“缩减”，符合句意。故选J项。14．考查动词。句意：微软说，在日本的2,200名员工中，超过90%的人说他们受到了新措施的影响。根据空后的by可知，此处用被动语态，所以空处应填动词过去分词形式，选项E.impacted意为“(对某事物)有影响”，符合句意。故选E项。15．考查形容词。句意：通过关闭早期库存，该公司还能够大幅节省电力等运营成本。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词修饰名词costs，选项C.operational为形容词，表示“运营的”，符合句意。故选C项。16．考查形容词。句意：这个问题如此严重，以至于这个国家甚至为它创造了一个术语——kazouhi，意思是因压力相关疾病或严重抑郁症而过度工作而死亡。空格处应用形容词，修饰名词illnesses，选项D.stress-related为形容词，意为“与压力相关的”，符合句意。故选D项。17．考查副词。句意：两年后，日本一家广播公司的一名记者在超长时间工作后死亡。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，修饰形容词long，选项K.extremely为副词，意为“极其；非常”，符合句意。故选K项。18．考查动词。句意：她的雇主透露，在她去世前一个月，她的加班时长达到了159小时。空格处为过去完成时had后的过去分词，选项A.clocked为过去分词，有“记录(时间)”之意，clockedin159hours表示记录的加班时长，符合句意。故选A项。19．考查名词。句意：一些公司开始为员工提供更大的灵活性，政府也发起了名为“PremiumFriday”的活动，倡导每月最后一个周五提前下班。空格处应用名词，选项B.flexibility为名词，意为“灵活性”，符合句意。故选B项。20．考查名词。句意：此外，它也希望其他企业加入这一倡议。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，选项G.initiative意为“倡议”，符合句意。故选G项。III.ReadingComprehension(共45分。41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextOrganizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstocontrolpeople’sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.The21ofaticketkeepsdriversinline,andthepromiseofabonusinspireshighperformance.Butincentives(激励)canalso22,discouragingtheverybehaviourthey’remeanttoencourage.Agenerationago,RichardTitmussclaimedthatpayingpeopletodonateblood23thesupply.Economistswereskeptical,citingalackofscientificevidence.Butsincethen,newdataandmodelshavepromptedaseachangeinhoweconomiststhinkaboutincentives—showing,amongotherthings,thatTitmusswasrightinsomanycasesthatbusinessesshould24.Experimentaleconomistshavefoundthatofferingtopaywomenfordonatingblooddecreasesthenumberwillingtodonatebyalmosthalf,andthatlettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity25theeffect.Dozensofrecentexperimentsshowthatrewardingself-interestwitheconomicincentivescanhavetheoppositeresultwhentheydestroywhatAdamSmithcalled“themoralsentiments(情绪).”Psychologyherehasescapedblackboardeconomists,butitwillbenosurprisetopeopleinbusiness:Whenwetakeajoborbuyacar,wearenotonlytryingtogetstuff—wearealsotryingtobeacertainkindofperson.26,peopledesiretoberespectedbyothersasethicalanddignified.Andtheydon’twanttobetakenforlosers.Rewardingblooddonationsmaynotservetheintendedpurposebecauseitsuggeststhatthedonorislessinterestedinbeing27thaninmakingadollar.Incentivesalsorunintotroublewhentheysignalthattheemployee28theemployeeorisgreedy.Closesupervisionofworkerscoupledwith29forperformanceistextbookeconomics,butitcanleadtothedepressionofemployees.Perhapsmostimportant,incentivesaffectwhatouractionssignal,whetherwe’rebeingself-interestedorcivic-minded,manipulatedortrusted,andtheycanimply—sometimeswrongly—what30us.Finesorpubliccriticismthatappealtoourmoralsentimentsbysignalingsocialdisapproval(thinkoflittering)canbehighlyeffective.Butincentivesgowrongwhenthey31orbrakeourethicalsensibilities.Thisdoesnotmeanit’s32toappealtoself-interestedandethicalmotivationsatthesametime—justthateffortstodosooftenfail.33,policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlybycontrollingself-interestbutalsobyencouragingpublic-spiritedness.ThesmalltaxonplasticgrocerybagspassedbylawinIrelandin2002that34theirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchaneffect.Itcausedoffenders35whileconveyingamoralmessage.Carryingaplasticbagjoinedwearingafurcoatinthegalleryofoutdatedandsociallyunacceptablepractice.21．A．temptation B．threat C．value D．equivalent22．A．overflow B．backfire C．survive D．work23．A．reduced B．affected C．afforded D．balanced24．A．cutback B．standby C．takenote D．holdon25．A．cause B．reverse C．take D．detect26．A．Inotherwords B．Onthecontrary C．Bycontrast D．Inaddition27．A．unselfish B．ambitious C．thoughtful D．aggressive28．A．boasts B．values C．encourages D．mistrusts29．A．requirement B．criticism C．implication D．reward30．A．supports B．threatens C．motivates D．changes31．A．refine B．offend C．control D．arouse32．A．impossible B．strange C．necessary D．abnormal33．A．Rarely B．Occasionally C．Surprisingly D．Ideally34．A．putanendto B．resultedin C．resortedto D．arosefrom35．A．publicly B．severely C．monetarily D．mildly【答案】21．B22．B23．A24．C25．B26．B27．A28．D29．D30．C31．B32．A33．D34．B35．C【导语】本文是议论文。文章指出组织和社会常用奖惩调控私利以服务公益，但奖惩有时会适得其反，还需兼顾道德情感，并举爱尔兰塑料袋税等案例说明。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通违章罚款单的威胁可使驾车者遵守交规，而关于奖金红利的许诺可以激发高业绩。A.temptation诱惑；B.threat威胁；C.value价值；D.equivalent对等的人；当量。根据上文“Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstocontrolpeople’sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.(组织和社会通过罚款和奖励的方式来引导人们的个人利益，以服务于公共利益)”可知，各类组织和团体依靠罚款和奖金来控制人们在公益服务中的自私自利。因此推断交通罚单的威胁可以让司机有秩序。故选B。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是激励也可能产生适得其反的结果——减少原本想要鼓励的行为。A.overflow溢出；B.backfire适得其反；C.survive幸存；D.work工作。根据下文“discouragingtheverybehaviourthey’remeanttoencourage.”可知，激励减少了原本要鼓励的行为，因此产生了适得其反的结果。故选B。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：约20—30年之前，理查德·蒂姆穆斯曾声称，付钱让人们献血反而会减少献血量。A.reduced减少；B.affected影响；C.afforded给予；提供；D.balanced保持稳定。根据上文“Butincentives(激励)canalso____2____,discouragingtheverybehaviourthey’remeanttoencourage.”可知，激励可以产生适得其反的结果，减少原本要激励的行为，因此推断付钱让人们献血会减少供应。故选A。24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但自那以后，新的数据和模型促使经济学家对激励的看法发生了翻天覆地的变化——这表明，蒂姆穆斯在很多情况下都是正确的，企业应该注意到这一点。A.cutback削减；B.standby支持；袖手旁观；C.takenote注意，记笔记；D.holdon等一下；继续。根据上文“Titmusswasrightinsomanycases”可推断，蒂姆穆斯在很多情况下都是正确，因此企业应该注意。故选C。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验经济学家发现，给献血女性提供报酬使愿意献血的人数减少了将近一半，而让她们将献血所得贡献给福利事业扭转了这个局面。A.cause导致；B.reverse撤销；颠倒；C.take拿；取；D.detect发现；觉察。根据第一段的“Butincentivescanalso___2___,discouragingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.”及本句前文的对比关系“offeringtopaywomenfordonatingblooddecreasesthenumberwillingtodonatebyalmosthalf,andthatlettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity”可推断，激励会产生适得其反的结果，因此推断给献血的女性报酬会导致没有更多的人献血，但是让她们把献血所得给福利事业就扭转了局面。故选B。26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。A.Inotherwords换句话说；B.Onthecontrary恰恰相反；C.Bycontrast相比之下；D.Inaddition此外。根据上文“Dozensofrecentexperimentsshowthatrewardingself-interestwitheconomicincentivescanhavetheoppositeresultwhentheydestroywhatAdamSmithcalled“themoralsentiments.””可知，大量近期的实验表明，当激励损害了亚当·斯密所说的“道德情操”时，以经济激励奖赏私利可能产生适得其反的结果。因此推断，相反的，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和美好情操的人。故选B。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奖励献血可能达不到预期的目的，是因为它暗含“捐血者对无私奉献的兴趣少于对挣钱的热衷”之意。A.unselfish无私的；慷慨的；B.ambitious雄心勃勃的；C.thoughtful体贴的；D.aggressive咄咄逼人的。根据上文“lettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity”可知，此处说的是无私奉献与挣钱进行对比。故选A。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当激励措施传递出“员工不信任员工”或者“员工贪婪”的信息时，这些激励措施也会出现问题。A.boasts自吹自擂；夸耀；B.values重视；C.encourages鼓励；D.mistrusts不信任。由下文的“greedy”可推断，此处表示激励措施传递出“员工不信任员工”或者“员工贪婪”的信息时，激励也会遇到麻烦，故选D。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：密切监督员工并对其表现进行奖励是典型的经济学，但这可能会导致员工的抑郁。A.requirement要求；B.criticism批评；C.implication暗示；D.reward奖赏。根据下文“forperformanceistextbookeconomics”和常识可知，员工会因为好的表现被给予奖励。故选D。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：或许最为重要的是，激励措施会影响我们的行为所传达的信息，无论我们是出于个人利益还是出于社会责任，是受到操纵还是被信任，而且它们有时还会暗示（尽管这些暗示可能并不准确）我们真正的动机是什么。A.supports支持；B.threatens威胁；C.motivates激励；D.change改变。由破折号后对前文“whetherwe’rebeingself-interestedorcivic-minded,manipulatedortrusted（我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任）”解释说明可知，此处说的是是什么激励了我们。故选C。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过传达社会的不赞同来启发我们的道德情操的罚款或者公开批评（如乱丢垃圾）颇具成效。可是一旦触犯或者破坏了我们的道德感情，激励就会出问题。A.refine改善；B.offend冒犯；C.control控制；D.arouse引起。由But可推断，上下文是转折关系，根据上文“Finesorpubliccriticismthatappealtoourmoralsentimentsbysignalingsocialdisapproval(thinkoflittering)canbehighlyeffective.(通过展示社会的不满情绪（比如乱扔垃圾这种行为）来引发我们的道德情感从而实施罚款或公开谴责，这种做法往往非常有效)”可推断，触犯或者破坏道德情感会让激励出问题。故选B。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的——只是这样的努力往往以失败告终。A.impossible不可能的；B.strange奇怪的；C.necessary必要的；D.abnormal不正常的。根据下文“policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlybycontrollingself-interestbutalsobyencouragingpublic-spiritedness(政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标)”可知，这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的。故选A。33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：理想的状况下，政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标。A.Rarely很少；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Surprisingly出人意料地；D.Ideally理想地。根据后文“policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlybycontrollingself-interestbutalsobyencouragingpublic-spiritedness”以及常识可知，既治理了自私又鼓励了公共道德是理想的。故选D。34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2002年爱尔兰通过的一项针对塑料购物袋的小额征税法案，虽然只是在法律层面上实施，却确实促使其塑料袋的使用几乎完全消失，这一举措似乎确实产生了这样的效果。A.putanendto结束；B.resultedin导致；C.resortedto求助于；D.arosefrom由……引起。根据后文“theirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchaneffect”可知，指针对塑料购物袋的小额征税法案导致其塑料袋的使用几乎完全消失，故选B。35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它在从金钱上惩罚违规者的同时，也传达了一种道德信息。A.publicly公然地；B.severely严重地；C.monetarily财政地；从金钱上；D.mildly温和地。根据上文“ThesmalltaxonplasticgrocerybagspassedbylawinIrelandin200214theirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchaneffect.（2002年爱尔兰通过的向塑料杂货袋征收小额税款（的法案）取得了实际上消除塑料袋的结果，这似乎就起到了这样的效果。）”可知，该法案从金钱上惩罚了冒犯者。故选C。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread. (A)Iencounteredtheclassicsinuniversity.Iwas19,inlovewithliteratureandpursuinganundergraduatedegreeinEnglishLiterature.Butwithalackoflifeexperience,examsandfocusingongrades,Icouldn’ttrulyappreciatethem.Middlemarch,ThePictureofDorianGray,PrideandPrejudice,MadameBovary:Ilovedthesebooks,butIdidn’treallygetthem.Some40yearslater,asaneditorandauthor,it’smyjobtounderstandwhatmakesabooktick.Whenacolleaguesuggestedwedeconstruct(解构)classics,Iwasexcited.IhadnoideawhatIwasinfor.ManywererereadsofnovelsIloved.Iwonderediftheywouldstillresonate(引起共鸣)andifmytechnology-damagedattentionspancouldhandlethem.ReadingMiddlemarchwhenyou’re19isverydifferentfromwhenyou’re60andhavebeenthrough,well,life.MuchofwhatEliotwasdoingwithmarriage,relationshipsandexpectationswentovermyyounghead.Thecharactersanddialoguearemasterful.However,rereadingMiddlemarchwasascaryidea.It’sabrickofabookwithtinyprint.SoItriedtheaudiobookinstead.Iwassweptaway:Ididn’twanttodoanythingexceptlisten.Itoldafriendtoreaditagain,amazedbyhowgood,howrelevantitis,eventhoughitwaspublishedin1871.Maybelifehasn’tchangedasmuchaswethink.MadameBovarygivesbigsocialmediavibes.EveryoneelseishavingabettertimethanBovary.Everyone’sgrassisgreener.Nothinglivesuptoherexpectations.ThePictureofDorianGrayshowsthatourobsessionswithyouthandbeautyarenothingnew.OscarWildewouldhavealottosayabouttoday’sselfiesandsocialmediapersonas(表面形象),whichcanbefarfromthetruth.Wegavethesebookstheattentiontheydeserved-attentionIcouldn’tgiveatage19.That’swhyIrecommendrereading.Theseauthorsunderstoodsomethingabouthumanitythatstillresonates,stillmakesusquestionourlifechoices.Readingtheclassicsisawaytoreclaim(重拾)somethingindangerofbeinglost:theenjoymentofmasteryinlanguage,ofcharacterssoalivetheycouldwalkintoourlivingroom.Goodfictionteachessomethingthatwewillalwaysneed:theabilitytostandinanother’sshoesandfeelwhattheyfeel,andmaybecomeawaywithanewunderstanding.36．Whatdoesthephrase“getthem”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Memorizetheplots. B．Appreciatethevaluedeeply.C．Finishreadingquickly. D．Understandtheauthors’background.37．WhydidtheauthortrytheaudiobookwhenrereadingMiddlemarch?A．Tomakethereadingeasierasthebookisverythickwithsmallprint.B．Tofollowthelatesttrendofreadingaudiobooks.C．Tosharethereadingexperiencewithfriendsconveniently.D．Toimproveherlisteningskills.38．Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Theauthorthinksclassicbooksshouldonlybereadbyadults.B．MadameBovary’sthemesareunrelatedtomodernsocialmediaphenomena.C．Rereadingclassicsindifferentlifestagescanbringnewinsights.D．OscarWilde’sworksareoutdatedandnotworthreadingnow.39．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tocriticizepeople’slackofattentiontoclassics.B．Toexplainwhyshedislikedclassicsinheryouth.C．Toadvocateforrereadingclassicsandexploringtheirtimelessvalue.D．Tocomparethereadinghabitsofteenagersandadults.【答案】36．B37．A38．C39．C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过对比自己19岁和60岁时阅读经典文学的不同体验，阐述了经典作品的永恒价值，并倡导人们在不同人生阶段重读经典以获得新的感悟。36．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Iencounteredtheclassicsinuniversity.Iwas19,inlovewithliteratureandpursuinganundergraduatedegreeinEnglishLiterature.Butwithalackoflifeexperience,examsandfocusingongrades,Icouldn’ttrulyappreciatethem.(我在大学时期接触到了经典文学作品。当时我19岁，热爱文学，正在攻读英语文学本科学位。但由于生活阅历不足，考试和学业成绩的压力，我无法真正领略到它们的魅力。)”及“Middlemarch,ThePictureofDorianGray,PrideandPrejudice,MadameBovary:Ilovedthesebooks,butIdidn’treallygetthem.(《米德尔马契》《道林・格雷的画像》《傲慢与偏见》《包法利夫人》——我喜爱这些书，却未能真正getthem。)”可知，“getthem”与“trulyappreciatethem”形成呼应，指无法深刻领会经典的价值。故选B。37．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However,rereadingMiddlemarchwasascaryidea.It’sabrickofabookwithtinyprint.SoItriedtheaudiobookinstead.(然而，重读《米德尔马契》让我望而生畏。这是一本厚重的书，字体很小。所以我转而尝试了有声书。)”可知，作者尝试有声书的原因是因为这本书很厚、字很小，想要使阅读轻松一些。故选A。38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“ReadingMiddlemarchwhenyou’re19isverydifferentfromwhenyou’re60andhavebeenthrough,well,life.(19岁时读《米德尔马契》和60岁时，经历过生活的洗礼后再读，感受截然不同。)”和第六段中“Wegavethesebookstheattentiontheydeserved-attentionIcouldn’tgiveatage19.That’swhyIrecommendrereading.(我们给予了这些书它们应得的关注——这是我在19岁时无法给予的关注。这就是我建议重读的原因。)”可知，作者建议读者重读经典，因为年少时可能无法理解，而成年后重读却可以获得新的感悟。由此可推断出，在不同的生活阶段重读经典可以带来新的见解。故选C。39．推理判断题。根据第六段中“That’swhyIrecommendrereading.(这就是我建议重读的原因。)”及最后一段“Readingtheclassicsisawaytoreclaimsomethingindangerofbeinglost:theenjoymentofmasteryinlanguage,ofcharacterssoalivetheycouldwalkintoourlivingroom.Goodfictionteachessomethingthatwewillalwaysneed:theabilitytostandinanother’sshoesandfeelwhattheyfeel,andmaybecomeawaywithanewunderstanding.(阅读经典作品是一种重拾那些濒临失传之物的途径：重拾驾驭语言的乐趣，重拾那些栩栩如生、仿佛能走进我们客厅的人物形象。优秀的小说教会我们一种我们永远需要的能力：设身处地地理解他人的感受，或许还能让我们获得新的领悟。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者在不同人生阶段对经典作品的不同理解和感悟，特别是重读经典后获得的深刻体验和启示，作者认为这些经典作品蕴含着对人性深刻的理解，仍然能引起共鸣，并鼓励人们重新审视自己的生活选择，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提倡重读经典并探索其永恒的价值。故选C。 (B)TopScientistsTakeSidesFamousInducers(Experiment>)GregorMendel(1822-1884)Mendelspentyearsrecordingvariationsintheappearanceofpeasandotherlivingthings.Byanalysingthisdata,heidentifiedmathematicallawsthatgoverngenetics.AlexanderFleming(1881-1955)Whilestudyingbacteria,Flemingobservedthatbreadmold(霉)couldkillbacteriaharmfultohumanhealth.Thisledhimtodiscoverpenicillin,thefirsteffectiveantibiotic.ErnestRutherford(1871-1937)Duringanexperiment,Rutherfordnotedthatenergeticparticlescouldpasseasilythroughthinmetalfoil(箔).Fromthisevidenceheformulatedascientificlaw:theatomismostlyemptyspace.FamousDeducers(Theory>Experiment)IsaacNewton(1643-1727)Inspiredbythemotionoffallingobjects(butprobablynotanapple!)Newtonproposedthatallobjectsattracteachother.Onlylaterdidheperformcalculationstoprovethathisidea,