高考英语阅读理解一轮练一（含解析）

2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（1）

李仕才

A

Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler（学步的

JL童）yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn'tchailenged,

scientistshavediscovered.Whi1emostchiIdrengrowoutoftheirbadbehaviorby

adulthood,astudyfoundthosewhohadMcallousunemotional（冷漠无情的）

characteristics,^couldgrowuptohaveproblemswiththelawlaterinlife.Behavior

characteristicssuchasalackofsympathyandlyinginchildhoodcouldhaveanimpact

yearson.

LukeHyde,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigan,said,

“Thesearesignsforparentsanddoctorstowatchoutfor,astheymaysignalmore

thanjusttheterribletwos.Hesaid,**Parentsbothtakecareoftheirchildand

providetheirchild'sgenessoit*sbeendifficulttoknowifwe*reseeingthat

parentingcausescallousunemotionalbehaviors,orifitisjustasignofthegenes

beingpassedtothechild.”

Theresearchalsodiscoveredthatstrictparentingislinkedtothedevelopment

ofantisocialbehavior.Scientistslookedat561familiesinanadoptionstudythat

examinedbiologicalmothers,antisocialbehavior.ThescientistsfoundchiIdrenof

antisocialmotherswerealsomorelikelytoexhibitthesamebehaviorcharacteristics,

despitehavinglimitedornotouchwiththemastheywereadoptedasbabies.

“Thereallyexcitingtakehomemessagefromthisstudyisthatsmall,daytoday

positiveinteractions（互动）thatparentshavewiththeiryoungchildrencanmakea

hugedifferenceinchildren,sdevelopment,,'saidLeslieLeve,aprofessoratthe

UniversityofOregonwhocoledthedatacollection.

“EvenwhenchiIdrenhaveinherited（遗传）averychailengingsetofbehaviors,

hearing'goodjob*orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdeveloping

seriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties,Mheadded.Thestudy,worked

onbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofMichigan,PennStateUniversityandthe

UniversityofOregonhasbeenpublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.

Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughear1yadolescencetodetermine

ifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.

1.Whatysthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Kids'socialbehaviorsarerelatedtocrime.

B.Criminalsbegintheircrimesduringadolescence.

C.Antisocialbehaviorsofkidscouldbeontheirwaytoalifeofcrime.

D.Warmheartedkidsaremorelikelytobecriminalsinthefuture.

2.Whatconclusionmightthescientistsdrawfromthestudy?

A.Antisocialbehaviorsmightbeinherited.

B.Thegenesdecidekids'antisocialbehaviors.

C.Antisocialbehaviorshavenothingtodowithcrimes.

D.Adoptedbabiessurelyhaveantisocialbehaviorswhentheygrowup.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Parentingisthemainreasonthatcauseskids*antisocialbehaviors.

B.Whatcausescareercriminalstobegintheircrimesistheirparents*

characteristics.

C.LeslieLevehasadoubtfulattitudetoadoptivemothers,activeinteractions

withkids.

D.Inheritedantisocialbehaviorsofkidscanbelightenedbypositiveparenting.

4.Whywillresearcherstrackkids'processofgrowing?

A.Tomakesureifkids'behaviorswilllast.

B.Tomakesureifpraisewillchangekids.

C.Todetermineifkids*behaviorswillbeinherited.

D.Todeleimineif网七ills'furlwillprolecikids.

【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，枳极的育儿

方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Careercriminalsbegintheir

antisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddleryearsandmaygoonwitha1ifeofcrime

iftheirbehaviorisn'tchallenged,scientistshavediscovered.”可知，本文主

要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。

【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的rtEvenwhenchildrenhaveinherited（遗传）avery

chcillengingsetofbehaviors,hearing'goodjob'orreceivingencouragementcan

helpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinherited

difficulties"可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。

【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildren

throughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexist

fromthetoddleryears.”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反

社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。

B

（2015・重庆一中一诊）

Basedonnewanalysis»wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangearidthe

effectsonsocietyandtheenvironmentcouldbequitesevere.Geographerspredic:that

withinthenexteightyyears,currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandsomecould

pletelydisappear.Polarregionswillgetcolderwhiletropicalregionswillgeteven

hotter,forcinganimalstomigrate（迁徙）north.

Climatechanges1ikethesecouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.Tropicalstorms

andhurricaneswillnotonlyincreasebutmayalsobeemoreintense.Ifthechanges

etooquickly,animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcould

disappear.

AccordingtoScienceDaily,anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100,manyof

today's「amiIiarclimateswillberep1acedbyclimatesunknownintoday'sworld.11

isurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar-reachingconsequencesforthewhole

world.Theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange.In2004,aserioustsunami

createdbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSunatraandin2008,thouseindsdied

inChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.Egyptwashitin2009withamajor

earthquakeandHaitiwasdevastatedin2010byyetanothermassiveearthquake.

Withinjustthelastfewmonths,newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeening

inandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslythought.At

thispoint,itdoesn,tmatterwhatiscausingit,butrather,whatcanbedoneabout

it.What*smore,ourworldisgettingmoreandmoreunstableeveryyear.Thereiswar

andthreatofwareverywhere.Naturaldisastersarebeingmorefrequentandserious.

However,otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsome

scientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenthis.Nooneknowsanything

forsureatthispointbecausethereissimplynotenoughdata.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的

影响。

1.WhatisthemajorfunctionofParagraph1?

A.Toarousethereaderrsconcern.

B.Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.

C.Tosummarizethewholepassage.

D.Tostatehowclimatechanges.

解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句"Basedonnewanalysis,wcarcrapidly

approachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyandtheenvironmentcould

bequitesevere."可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。

而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主

要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。

2.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinusingtheexamplesofearthquakes?

A.Toshowmajorchangesaretakingplaceontheplanet.

B.Toremindpeopletopreventfutureearthquakes.

C.Toshowthedamageearthquakescaused.

D.Totellusmoreearthquakeswillhappeninthefuture.

解析：选Ao细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"Theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsigns

ofchange.w可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选

A项。

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofclimatechanges'effects?

A.Animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.

B.Itcouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.

C.Currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandpletelydisappear.

I).Naturaldisastersarebeingmorefrequentandserious.

解析：选Co细节理解题。根据第一段第二句aGeographerspredictthatwithinthenext

eightyyears,currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandsomecouldpletely

disappear."可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可

能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项错误；

根据第二段第一句"Climatechanges1ikethesecouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.M

可知，B项正确：根据第二段最后一句"Ifthechangesetooquickly,animalandplant

speciesmaynotboabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.w可知，A项正确；

根据倒数第二段最后一句aNaturaldisastersarebeingmorefrequentandserious.M可

知，D项正确。故选C项。

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Animalsandplantswon,tdieoutaslongasclimatechangesslowly.

B.There*senoughdataforustopredictthefutureofclimatechange.

C.Theworldisgettingmoreunstablebecauseofanimalmigration.

D.Theearthisnottheonlyplanetthatisexperiencingclimatechange.

解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"However,otherplanetsareexperiencing

globalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesome

connectionbetweenthis,"可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。

C

Walkinginafarmers*marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnow

morelocal1yfarmedproteinchoicesareavaiIabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenour

mealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.Moreandmorelocalsmallfarmsare

poppingupinoppositiontofactoryfarms.

Today*smercialfarmsdonotfittheimagethatestcmindwhilehappilysingingalong

to“OldMcDonaldn.Ins二cad,mostofthenation,sfoodcsfromCAFOs,ConfinedAnimal

FeedingOperations,whereanimalsarekeptintightlyenclosedconditionsastheyare

fattenedupandreadiedtobekilledforfood.

Fortunately,knowingexactlywhereone'sfoodesfromhasledtoanincreaseinthe

availabi1ityofwhatisknownas“grassfed”beef.Technically,al1cattlearegrass-

fedforatleastalimitedamountoftime,butwhatmakesthemeatsignificantisthat

itisgrassfinished,notforcefedcorn,soyorgrains.Thischangeindietmakesall

thedifferencesincecornisnotpartofthecow,straditionaldiet,andtherefore

causesmajorhealthissuesforit.Todealwiththehealthissues,antibiotics(抗

生素)areusedandsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilarto

thosegiventohumans,sotheycandecreasetheeffectivenessofmedicinewhena

consumerissick.

Ahealthierdietforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandceilories.And

whencookinggrassfedbeef,you'dbetteruseaslightlylowertemperaturetomakeit

moredelicious.

文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。为了应对机械化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开始兴盛起来

了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。

1.Theunderlinedwords“poppingup”(inthe1stparagraph)probablymeans.

A.improvingB.fading

C.profitingD.appearing

答案：D词义猜测题。根据文章第一句中"andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesare

available”可知，现在有更多的当地小农场喂养的动物可满足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地

出现了越来越多小农场，由此可知，appear与popup意思最为接近，故答案D符合文义。

2.Thesong“OldMcDonald”describes.

A.animalsraisedfreelyonlocalfarms

B.animalskeptintightlyenclosedconditions

C.mercialfarmsprovidingfastfood

D.mercialfarmsprovidingunpopularfoods

答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句"Today'smercialfarmsdonotfitthe

image...”的提示和下文对商业农场喂养动物的方法的描述可知,thesong"OldMcDonaldM

所描述的喂养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文义。

3.Somemedicinesarelesseffectiveforbeefconsumersprobablybecause.

A.somecattlefeedongrains

B.allcattledietongrass

C.somemedicinesareusedtotreatsickcattle

I）,someantibioticsareusedbybothcattleandpeople

答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中“andsomeoftheantibioticsusedto

treatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans.可推知,答案D符合文义。

4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

A.foodfromlocalfarmscanhelpaddtothevarietyinourdailymeals

B.soyorgrainsareonthelistoftraditionaldietsofthecattle

C.cornforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcalories

I）,lowertemperaturemakesgrassfedbeefmoredelicious

答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句"Walkinginafarmers'marketoftenbrings

onetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesare

availabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichthey

originated.w可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食物可以丰富我们的一日三餐”符合文义。B、

C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不符合题意，故排除。

D

（2016•贵阳高三适应性监测一）

Chooseyourwishlist

It,snormalforanystudentJscollegewishlisttochangethroughouthigh

school.Butwhenitestimetoapply,manyseniorshaveahardtimenarrowingdowntheir

choices.

There'snohardandfastanswer,butthereareseveralthingsyoucandoandask

yourselftomakethedecisioneasier.Herearethreepiecesofadvicethatmighthelp.

Doyourresearch

Aboveall,it'simportanttofigureoutyourwantsandneeds.Whatdoyouexpect

fromyoureducation?Whatareyouwillingtogiveup?

VeronicaHauad,seniorassociatedirectorofadmissions（录取）attheUniversity

ofChicagointheUS,saidstudentsshouldstartbytakingtimetofigureoutthose

questions.

°Findthethingthat'smostimportanttoyou,andthenyoucanstartsearching

onthatfactorandsortthingsoutlater,“Hauadsaid.

Don,tfocusonrankings

It'seasytofocustoohardonschoolrankings,butdon'tletthatmakeyour

decisionforyouwhenyou'relookingatcolleges.Inthelongrun,rankingsprobably

won'thaveabigeffectonyoureducation.It'sOKtolookatrankings,butcon't

obsess（过于执着）overthem.Findcollegesthatreallyinterestyou.Iftheyendupbeing

onatoplist,thinkofitasanextrapleasure.

Thinkaboutyourfuture

Here,sanimportantquestiontoaskallofthecollegesonyourlist：Howmany

ofyourstudentsfindjobsaftergraduation?AnIvyLeagueschoolmaylookgoodon

anapplication,butwhatwillthecollegedotohelpyoufindajob?

Studentsshouldalsomakesurethey*rcgoingtocollegefortherightreasons.

UniversityofIllincissophomore（二年级学生）SteveWangsaidhehasmetstudents

whoaren*tlookingatthebiggerpicture."Iseealotofstudentswhogotocollege

forthesakeofthecollegeexperience—notforahighereducation.Wang

explained."Sopeopleshowupandspendalotoftimeatpartiesandnotreallypaying

attentiontoschoolwork.That*snotreallywhatcollegeisfor.w

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者向那些准备申请大学的高中生提供了三个建议：

一是做好相关调杳；二是不要太执着于大学的排名；三是考虑自己的未来。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“figureout"probablymean?

A.Letout.B.Lookout.

C.Makeout.D.Checkoct.

解析：选C。词义猜测题。画线短语所在段落的上一段中提到了一些让学生思考的,可题，

根据逻辑关系可知，VeronicaHauad认为学生应该花些时间弄清楚那些问题，由此可推知，

figureout的意思应为“弄清楚"，makeout的意思也为“弄清楚”。故答案选C。letout

意为“使出来，使（火）熄灭"；lookout意为“小心，注意"：checkout意为“结账离开”，

均不符合文意。

2.Whenyouapplytoacollege,youshould.

A.findoutwhatyoureallywant

B.choosethebestknowncollege

C.considerthethingsyoucando

D.quitachanceforfurtherstudy

解析：选A。推理判断题。根据作者给即将步入大学的高中生所提供的三个建议的内容，

尤其是第三段第一句"Aboveal1,it'simportanttofigureoutyourwantsandneeds.

可知，高中生在申请大学时一定要做好相关调杳，弄清楚自己的真正需求，不要太执着于大学

的排名，要为自己的将来考虑，选那些能真正吸引自己的大学。A项符合题意。故答案选A。

3.SteveWangspendshismaintimeon________.

A.takingphotosB.schoolwork

C.pcirtiesD.killingtime

解析：选B。推理判断题。在最后一段中，Steve帕ng认为很多学生来到大学，只是为了

有上大学的经历，而不是为了接受更高•的教育，持有这种想法的学生会经常参加聚会而不把主

要精力放在学业上。由SteveWang的话可推知，他不赞同这种做法，故他的时间应该主要是

花在学业上的。故答案选E。

4.Whatisthetextmainlyfor?

A.Researchers.B.Educators.

C.Applicants.D.Sophomore.

解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两段内容可知，这篇文章是给那些即将高中毕业、

准备申请大学的学生提供的一些建议。故答案选C。

E

FormerNationalFootballLeagueplayerandchildren,sauthorTimGreenhasadded

anotherbooktohislistofacplishmcnts:Unstoppable.Thebooktellsthestoryofa

12yearoldboynamedHarrison,whosurvives1ifeinacruelfosterhomebeforehefinally

findsalovingfamily.Oncehesettlesinandrealiseshisnaturalfootball

ability,tragedystrikesagainandheloseshislegduetoadeadlybone

cancer.UnstoppablefollowsHarrison'sincrediblejourneyashefacesmanychallenges

inhislife.

TimGreensaidhedecidedtowriteanovelaboutakidfacingcancerafterwatching

howhiswifefoughttosurviveherownillness."Hermentalandphysicaltoughness

weremoreheroictomethananythingI'deverseeninthenationalsportsleagues,“

GreentoldTFKKidReporterZacharyJ.Lewis.

Afterwatchinghiswife,sbattle,Greensaid,heknewheneededtowriteabouta

personwhostruggledthroughaseriousillness.Butbecausethetargetageforhisbooks

istheteen,heneededtotellthestorythroughtheeyesofsomeoneinthatage.

WhenfriendsintrodccedGreentoJeffreyKeith,Greenknewhehadfoundtheright

persontohelphimucapturetheheroismthatittakestofightcancer,,.Cancersurvivor

JeffreyKeithlosthislegattheageoftwelve,butwentontobethegoalie（守门

员）fortheBostonCollegeDivision1Lacrosse（长曲棍球）Teamandwasalsothefirst

amputeetorun3,300milesacrossthecountry.WhenGreenheardJeffreyKeith'sstory,he

knewitwastheperfectnarrativeonwhichtobasehisnextbook.

TFKasked