【英语】山东省临沂市2024-2025学年高一下学期学科素养水平检测考试试题（解析版）

山东省临沂市2024-2025学年高一下学期学科素养水平检测考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEachstreettellsitsownstory.Thesestreetsarefamousfortheirhistory,culture,orspecialcharm,makingthemsymbolsoftheircities.Champs-ÉlyséesParis’sChamps-Élyséesisoneoftheworld’smostbeautifulstreets.Linedwithcafésandshops,itconnectstheArcdeTriomphetobusyParisianneighborhoods.Visitorslovewalkinghereandtakingphotosofthegrandmonumentatitswesternend.LombardStreetBuiltin1922,SanFrancisco’sLombardStreetisfamousforitseightsharpturnsonasteephill.Tomakedrivingsafer,peoplemustdriveveryslowly(just8km/h!).Drivingorwalkingdownthiszigzagroadfeelslikeafunadventureandoffersgreatviewsofthecity.AbbeyRoadInLondon,AbbeyRoadbecamefamousafterTheBeatlestookaphotoherefortheir1969album.Fansstillvisitthecrosswalktocopytheband’spose.Lookoutformessagesfanswriteonthestreet’swalls!SantaMonicaBoulevardThissunnyLosAngelesstreetstretchesfromWestHollywoodtothePacificOcean.Withpalmtreesandrestaurants,itendsattheSantaMonicaPier.It’shardtoimaginethislivelyareawasoncejustemptyrailroadtracksuntilthe1980s!FifthAvenueNewYork’sFifthAvenueisashoppingparadise.LuxurystoreslikeGucciandTiffany&Co.attractfashionlovers.MoviefansmightrecognizeTiffany’sfromBreakfastatTiffany’s,whereAudreyHepburn’scharactereatsbreakfastoutsidethestore.1.Whichstreetisknownforitssharpturns?A.Champs-Élysées. B.LombardStreet.C.AbbeyRoad. D.SantaMonicaBoulevard.2.WhatisafeatureofSantaMonicaBoulevard?A.Itchangedfromanoldrailroadtrack. B.Itattractsluxuryshoppersworldwide.C.Itgainedfamefromabandalbumcover. D.Itconnectsagrandmonumenttoneighborhoods.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tocompareoldandnewstreets. B.Tointroducesomefamousstreets.C.Totellthehistoryofstreetdevelopment. D.Togiveadviceontravellingfamousstreets.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五条著名街道的特色。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Builtin1922,SanFrancisco’sLombardStreetisfamousforitseightsharpturnsonasteephill.(洛巴德街建于1922年，位于旧金山，因其在陡峭山坡上的八处急转弯而闻名)”可知，LombardStreet以急转弯而闻名。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It’shardtoimaginethislivelyareawasoncejustemptyrailroadtracksuntilthe1980s!(很难想象这个热闹的区域在20世纪80年代之前还只是些空荡荡的铁轨而已！)”可知，圣莫尼卡大道是由一条古老的铁路轨道改造而成的。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eachstreettellsitsownstory.Thesestreetsarefamousfortheirhistory,culture,orspecialcharm,makingthemsymbolsoftheircities.(每条街道都有其独特的故事。这些街道因其历史、文化或独特的魅力而闻名，成为了所在城市的象征)”结合文章主要介绍了五条著名街道的特色。可知，文章是目的是介绍一些有名的街道。故选B。BWhenseven-year-oldSuzanneHeywoodwastoldherfamilywouldsailtheworldforthreeyears,sheimaginedthrillingadventures.Instead,thisjourneytrappedheratseaforadecade.HerBritishparentssoughttorecreateCaptainCook’s18th-centuryvoyage—adreamthatbecameherchildhoodnightmare.Whileherparentscalledthistripa“freeandgloriousjourney,”Suzannehassincecomparedittobeingimprisoned.Trappedontheboatwithnoformalschooling,shewaslimitedtothewoodenboatandendlesshorizons.“Fatherpromisedwe’dreturntoourdogandfriendsinthreeyears,”SuzannerecallsinherbookWavewalker.”“ButtenyearspassedbeforeItouchedEnglishsoilagain—yearswithoutclassroomsorplaygroundfriendships.”AfewmonthsaftertheyleftEngland,theywerehitbyanenormouswave.ThewavecrashedoverthebackoftheboatandSuzannewasseriouslyinjured.“Myheadbonecracked,nosebroken,bloodmixingwithseawater.”Sherecalls.WashedashoreonafarawayIndianisland,sheunderwentanemergencyheadoperation—withoutanesthetics.“Thedoctorusedbasictools;Ibitaleatherbelttosilencescreams.”Asitbecameclearherparentshadnointentionsofgoingback,Suzannedecidedtoeducateherself,aseducationwastheonlywaytogetofftheboatandhaveanormallife.Atthirteen,sheregisteredinanAustraliancorrespondencecourse.nightsunfoldedinherrockingcabin(船舱);ashakingoillamplighteningmathproblems,geographymapspinnedtodampwalls.“Istruggleddaily,”sheadmits.Herparentsalwayswantedhertoworkratherthanspenddaysinbooks.However,thistimeshedidn’tgivein,asthatwasheronlylifeline.Despitethesedifficulties,shelandedaspotatOxfordUniversity.Today,herbestsellingbookinspiresmillions.Readersworldwidedeclare:“Yourescapefromthewavesproveswecanhaveourownfutures!”4.WhatexpectationdidSuzannehaveaboutthevoyageinthebeginning?A.Shewouldbetrappedonthesea.B.Shewouldhaveachildhoodnightmare.C.Shewouldexperienceexcitingadventures.D.ShewouldrecreateCaptainCook’swonder.5.WhatdidSuzannethinkofherlifeatseainParagraph2?A.Itwasaseparationfromnormallife.B.Itwasanopportunitytobroadenhorizons.C.Itwasachallengingtrainingtobeasailor.D.Itwasagloriousjourneytoexplorethesea.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4referto?A.Workingonboard. B.Gettingparentalsupport.C.Educatingherself. D.Completingthevoyage.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Thinktwicebeforeyouact.B.Eastorwest,homeisbest.C.Agoodturndeservesanother.D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Suzanne随父母航海十年的经历，她在海上遭遇受伤、无正规教育等困境，但通过自学考上牛津大学，其书激励了无数人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whenseven-year-oldSuzanneHeywoodwastoldherfamilywouldsailtheworldforthreeyears,sheimaginedthrillingadventures.(当七岁的苏珊娜·海伍德被告知她的家人将航海环游世界三年时，她想象着激动人心的冒险)”可知，一开始Suzanne期望自己能经历刺激的冒险。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Trappedontheboatwithnoformalschooling,shewaslimitedtothewoodenboatandendlesshorizons.‘Fatherpromisedwe’dreturntoourdogandfriendsinthreeyears,’SuzannerecallsinherbookWavewalker.‘ButtenyearspassedbeforeItouchedEnglishsoilagain—yearswithoutclassroomsorplaygroundfriendships.’(她被困在船上，没有接受正规教育，只能待在木船上，面对无尽的海洋。“父亲承诺我们三年后会回到我们的狗和朋友身边，”苏珊娜在她的书《浪行者》中回忆道。“但在我再次踏上英国的土地之前，十年过去了——那些年没有教室，也没有操场上的友谊。”)”可知，在海上的十年，Suzanne被困在船上，没有接受正规教育，没有教室，也没有操场上的友谊，所以她会认为这种生活是与正常生活相分离的。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Asitbecameclearherparentshadnointentionsofgoingback,Suzannedecidedtoeducateherself,aseducationwastheonlywaytogetofftheboatandhaveanormallife.(当很明显她的父母无意回去时，苏珊娜决定自学，因为教育是下船过上正常生活的唯一途径)”和划线词所在句“However,thistimeshedidn’tgivein,asthatwasheronlylifeline.(然而，这次她没有屈服，因为那是她唯一的救命稻草)”可知，指示代词that指代的是前面提到的在船上“自学”这件事，即“Educatingherself.”。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Asitbecameclearherparentshadnointentionsofgoingback,Suzannedecidedtoeducateherself,aseducationwastheonlywaytogetofftheboatandhaveanormallife.Atthirteen,sheregisteredinanAustraliancorrespondencecourse.nightsunfoldedinherrockingcabin(船舱);ashakingoillamplighteningmathproblems,geographymapspinnedtodampwalls.‘Istruggleddaily,’sheadmits.Herparentsalwayswantedhertoworkratherthanspenddaysinbooks.However,thistimeshedidn’tgivein,asthatwasheronlylifeline.(当很明显她的父母无意回去时，苏珊娜决定自学，因为教育是下船过上正常生活的唯一途径。13岁时，她注册了一个澳大利亚的函授课程。在她摇晃的船舱里，夜晚降临；一盏摇晃的油灯照亮了数学题，地理地图钉在潮湿的墙上。“我每天都在挣扎，”她承认。她的父母总是希望她去工作，而不是整天读书。然而，这次她没有屈服，因为那是她唯一的救命稻草。)”和最后一段“Despitethesedifficulties,shelandedaspotatOxfordUniversity.(尽管困难重重，她还是被牛津大学录取了)”可知，Suzanne在面临诸多困难时，凭借坚定的决心坚持自我教育，最终实现了进入牛津大学的目标，体现了只要有决心就有办法成功。“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(有志者，事竟成)”符合文意。故选D项。CCarryingsingle-useplasticwaterbottleshasbecomeadailyhabitformillionsworldwide.Whileconvenient,thispracticecreatesseriousenvironmentalandhealthproblemsthatdemandourattention.Lessthan20%ofplasticbottlesareproperlyrecycled.Mostendupinlandfillsoroceans,wheretheytakecenturiestobreakdown.Everyyear,about8milliontonsofplasticenterouroceans,andsingle-usebottlescontributesignificantlytothiscrisis.Seaanimalsoftenmistakefloatingbottlepiecesforfood,leadingtoinjuryordeath.Long-termuseofplasticbottlesmayexposedrinkerstoharmfulchemicals.Independentstudiesfoundchlorineresidues(氯残留物)in1outof3testedbrands.Moresurprisingly,dangerousmetalslikeleadoccasionallyappearinbottledwaterduetoindustrialproductionprocesses.Thesepollutantscangraduallybuildupinthehumanbody,potentiallycausinghealthissuesovertime.Consumers’demanddrivescompaniestoproduceover500billionplasticbottleseveryyear.Unfortunately,bottlingplantsfaceminimalsupervisionregardingproductionstandards.Manybrandsrefusetodisclosewhatpercentageoftheirbottlescontainrecycledmaterials.Duringproduction,pollutantssometimesenterwaterthroughindustrialfacilitiesorplasticcontainersthemselves.Switchingtoreusablebottlesmadeofglassormetaldramaticallyreducesplasticwaste.Whentraveling,portablewaterfilters(过滤器)providesafedrinkingwaterwithoutnewplasticbottles.Athome,purificationsystemsensuretap(水龙头)watersafety.Governmentsalsoplayakeyrole—countrieslikeGermanyhavesuccessfullyreducedplasticwasteby30%throughbottledepositlawsthatrewardrecycling.WatersafetyexpertDr.EmmaGreennotes,“Inmostdevelopedcities,tapwaterundergoesstrictersafetychecksthanbottledwater.Accordingtothestudy,properlypurifiedtapwaterissaferthanbottedwater.Choosingreusableoptionsprotectsbothpersonalhealthandvulnerableseacreatures.Simplechangesinourdailyhabitscancreateahealthierfutureforpeopleandtheplanetalike.”8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofplasticwaterbottles?A.Theyareconvenientandhealthytous. B.Theycausethreatstonatureandhealth.C.Theybecomeanecessitytomostpeople. D.Theyrepresentafashionablewayoflife.9.Whatdoweknowaboutplasticbottles?A.Theirhardnessisincreasedbyaddinglead.B.Mostofthemgetrecycledproperlyworldwide.C.Theybreakdownfasterinoceansthaninlandfills.D.Theirpiecesareoftenconfusedforfoodbyseaanimals.10.Whatisapossiblesolutiontoimprovingdrinkingwatersafety?A.Usingglassormetalbottles. B.Diversifyingsupervisionstandards.C.Drinkingbrand-namebottledwater. D.Stoppingplasticcontainersduringproduction.11.WhatdoDr.Emma’swordssuggest?A.Reusablebottlesharmseacreatures. B.Developedcitiesfailtocheckwatersafety.C.Tapwaterismuchsaferthanbottledwater. D.Smallchangesinhabitsmakeadifference.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一次性塑料水瓶带来环境与健康问题，如回收少、污染海洋、含有害物等，建议使用可重复利用容器等，小的改变有益人与地球。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whileconvenient,thispracticecreatesseriousenvironmentalandhealthproblemsthatdemandourattention.(虽然这种做法很方便，但它却带来了严重的环境和健康问题，这些问题需要我们予以重视)”可知，作者认为塑料水瓶对自然和健康构成威胁。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Seaanimalsoftenmistakefloatingbottlepiecesforfood,leadingtoinjuryordeath.(海洋生物常常会将漂浮的瓶子碎片误认为食物，从而导致受伤或死亡)”可知，塑料瓶的碎片常常会被海洋生物误认为是食物。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Switchingtoreusablebottlesmadeofglassormetaldramaticallyreducesplasticwaste.(改用玻璃或金属材质的可重复使用水瓶能够极大地减少塑料废弃物的产生)”可知，改善饮用水安全的一个可行方案是使用玻璃瓶或金属瓶。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simplechangesinourdailyhabitscancreateahealthierfutureforpeopleandtheplanetalike.(我们日常习惯中的简单改变能够为人类和地球创造一个更加健康的美好未来)”可知，艾玛博士的话暗示了习惯上的细微改变也能产生影响。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Music’sroleismuchmorethanentertainment.Scientificstudiesshowitactivatesnearlyeverybrainregionandkeepslotsofbrainnetworksstrong,includingthosenetworksaboutemotion,happiness,movementandlearning.____12____Forexample,hospitalsusecalmingmusictoeasepatients’anxietybeforeoperation,whichprovesmusiccantouchemotionsbeyondwords.Neuroscientistsfindthatfamiliarsongssetoffdopamine(多巴胺)release,creatingnaturaljoywithoutmedication.Musicalsobuildsbridgeswherewordsfail.AtglobaleventsliketheOlympics,nationalanthems(国歌)uniteaudience,stirringupstrongemotionalresonance(共鸣).____13____Theresultturnedoutasexpected.ResearchersfromMITfoundthatsinginginachoirmayreducelonelinessandincreaseinterestinlifeamongdiverseolderadults,includingthosewithAlzheimer’sdiseasewholostsomememory.____14____StudiesshowedthatmusictherapycanhelpolderadultswithParkinson’sdiseaseandothermovementdisordersimprovetheirwalkingandreducefalls.Musicimprovestheperformanceinstudy.____15____Moresurprisingly,languagelearnersmasteringvocabularythroughsonglyricsprogressed30%fasterthantraditionalmethods.Studentslearningartreporthigherproductivitywithbackgroundinstrumentalmusic—brainwavesynchronizationexplainsthisboost.Everyonecanaccessitsbenefitswithouttraining.Tryexploringfreemusicapps,sharingmeaningfulsongswithfriends,orattendinglocalconcerts.Evensingingsoftlytoyourselfwhenstressedcanlowerbloodpressure.____16____Itspoweriseverywhere,readyforyoutofindanduse.A.Musichelpstheoldpeoplefeelmuchhappier.B.Musicevenshowspromiseinpreventinginjury.C.Musicprovidesemotionalbenefitsinmanyways.D.Doctorsoftenplaysoftmusictorelaxthepatients.E.AsPlatonoted,“Musicgivessoultotheuniverse.”F.Studentslisteningtoclassicalpiecesshow20%betterconcentration.G.Scientistsexaminedwhethermusiccouldimproveoldpeople’swell-being.【答案】12.C13.G14.B15.F16.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐在多个方面对人类的好处，包括情感、健康、学习和社交等。【12题详解】下文“Forexample,hospitalsusecalmingmusictoeasepatients’anxietybeforeoperation,whichprovesmusiccantouchemotionsbeyondwords.(例如，医院在手术前使用舒缓的音乐来缓解病人的焦虑，这证明了音乐可以触动言语无法表达的情感)”举例说明了音乐在情感上的益处，C选项“Musicprovidesemotionalbenefitsinmanyways.(音乐在许多方面提供情感上的益处)”概括了下文的内容，且与首段“Music’sroleismuchmorethanentertainment.Scientificstudiesshowitactivatesnearlyeverybrainregionandkeepslotsofbrainnetworksstrong,includingthosenetworksaboutemotion,happiness,movementandlearning.(音乐的作用不仅仅是娱乐。科学研究表明，它能激活几乎所有大脑区域，并保持许多大脑网络的强健，包括与情感、幸福、运动和学习相关的网络)”相呼应，进一步强调了音乐在情感方面的作用。故选C项。【13题详解】下文“Theresultturnedoutasexpected.ResearchersfromMITfoundthatsinginginachoirmayreducelonelinessandincreaseinterestinlifeamongdiverseolderadults,includingthosewithAlzheimer’sdiseasewholostsomememory.(结果正如预期的那样。麻省理工学院的研究人员发现，在合唱团唱歌可以减少不同老年人的孤独感，增加他们对生活的兴趣，包括那些失去部分记忆的阿尔茨海默病患者)”描述了科学家们对音乐能否改善老年人福祉的研究结果，G选项“Scientistsexaminedwhethermusiccouldimproveoldpeople’swell-being.(科学家们研究了音乐是否能改善老年人的福祉)”引出了下文的研究内容，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。【14题详解】下文“StudiesshowedthatmusictherapycanhelpolderadultswithParkinson’sdiseaseandothermovementdisordersimprovetheirwalkingandreducefalls.(研究表明，音乐疗法可以帮助患有帕金森病和其他运动障碍的老年人改善行走并减少跌倒)”描述了音乐疗法在预防老年人受伤方面的作用，B选项“Musicevenshowspromiseinpreventinginjury.(音乐甚至在预防受伤方面显示出潜力)”概括了下文的内容，且与上文“ResearchersfromMITfoundthatsinginginachoirmayreducelonelinessandincreaseinterestinlifeamongdiverseolderadults,includingthosewithAlzheimer’sdiseasewholostsomememory.(麻省理工学院的研究人员发现，在合唱团唱歌可以减少不同老年人的孤独感，增加他们对生活的兴趣，包括那些失去部分记忆的阿尔茨海默病患者)”形成并列关系，都是说明音乐对老年人的好处。故选B项。【15题详解】上文“Musicimprovestheperformanceinstudy.(音乐提高学习表现)”提出了音乐对学习的好处，F选项“Studentslisteningtoclassicalpiecesshow20%betterconcentration.(听古典音乐的学生注意力更集中，提高了20%)”举例说明了音乐如何提高学习表现，即听古典音乐的学生注意力更集中，与上文语意连贯。故选F项。【16题详解】上文“Tryexploringfreemusicapps,sharingmeaningfulsongswithfriends,orattendinglocalconcerts.Evensingingsoftlytoyourselfwhenstressedcanlowerbloodpressure.(尝试探索免费的音乐应用程序，与朋友分享有意义的歌曲，或参加当地的音乐会。即使在压力大的时候轻声唱歌也能降低血压)”列举了一些享受音乐益处的方法，E选项“AsPlatonoted,“Musicgivessoultotheuniverse.”(正如柏拉图所说，“音乐赋予宇宙灵魂。”)”用柏拉图的名言总结了音乐的力量和重要性，与上文内容相呼应，且下文中“Itspower”指代音乐的力量，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasateachingassistantatMichiganMedicalSchool,astudentcameintomyofficeandbrokeintotears.Whenshefinally____17____,Iaskedherwhatwaswrong.Shetoldmethatshehadtobeadoctor,____18____shehadjustfailedthefirstorganicchemistrytest.Istarted____19____herandsaidIwouldhelpher.However,itquicklybecame____20____thatshelackedeventhemostbasic____21____requiredforthecourse.Iworkedandworkedwithher,butwhenthesecond____22____camearound,shefailedagain.Istruggledforalongtime.____23____,Ihadtosay,“Look,haveyou____24____studyingothercourses?Organicchemistryisreallyhardforyou,and…”Shebrokeinandsaid____25____,“Ihavetobeadoctor.Don’tyouunderstandthat?”Thensherushedoutofmyoffice.I’vethoughtlongaboutthatincident:Thisyoungladyhad____26____herselfforyears.Noonehadevertoldherthe____27____:“Hey,youknow,maybebeingadoctorisn’tsuitableforyou.”Latershe____28____afewcoursesagainandhadtoleaveMichiganMedicalSchool.Iwonderhowmuchtimeshe____29____.Maybeshewouldbeaworld-classartistorbankmanagerifshehadn’tinsistedonbecomingadoctor.Butifsomeonehadbeen____30____withherearlier,shemighthaveavoidedtheterriblesuffering.Honestguidance,thoughhard,istrue____31____.17.A.brokedown B.gotthrough C.calmeddown D.wentoff18.A.but B.as C.or D.and19.A.greeting B.approaching C.teaching D.comforting20.A.normal B.typical C.obvious D.regular21.A.skills B.patience C.habits D.faith22.A.semester B.test C.mission D.lesson23.A.Eventually B.Recently C.Gradually D.Suddenly24.A.begun B.remembered C.regretted D.considered25.A.slowly B.exactly C.angrily D.gently26.A.admired B.fooled C.inspired D.judged27.A.truth B.dream C.decision D.difference28.A.attended B.failed C.chose D.finished29.A.spared B.planned C.saved D.wasted30.A.honest B.familiar C.satisfied D.strict31.A.intention B.resource C.kindness D.belief【答案】17.C18.A19.D20.C21.A22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.B29.D30.A31.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在密歇根医学院当助教时，遇到一位一心想成为医生但有机化学考试多次不及格的学生的故事，由此引发了对坦诚引导重要性的思考。【17题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她终于平静下来时，我问她怎么了。A.brokedown崩溃；B.gotthrough通过；C.calmeddown平静下来；D.wentoff爆炸，离开。根据前文“astudentcameintomyofficeandbrokeintotears”可知，学生一开始大哭，后来应该是平静下来后作者才问她怎么了。故选C项。【18题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我她必须成为一名医生，但她刚刚第一次有机化学考试不及格。A.but但是；B.as因为，当……时；C.or或者；D.and和。根据前文“Shetoldmethatshehadtobeadoctor”和后文“shehadjustfailedthefirstorganicchemistrytest”，前后形成明显的转折关系，她想成为医生，然而考试却不及格。故选A项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始安慰她，并说我会帮助她。A.greeting问候；B.approaching接近；C.teaching教；D.comforting安慰。根据前文“astudentcameintomyofficeandbrokeintotears”和后文“saidIwouldhelpher”可知，学生很伤心，所以作者应该是安慰她。故选D项。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，很快就明显看出她甚至缺乏这门课程所需的最基本技能。A.normal正常的；B.typical典型的；C.obvious明显的；D.regular有规律的。根据后文“Iworkedandworkedwithher,butwhenthesecondshefailedagain”可知，作者和她一起努力，但她还是没通过考试，说明她缺乏基本技能是很明显的。故选C项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，很快就明显看出她甚至缺乏这门课程所需的最基本技能。A.skills技能；B.patience耐心；C.habits习惯；D.faith信念。根据前文“shelacked”和后文“shefailedagain”可推知，在作者的帮助下她仍不及格，说明她缺乏的是课程所需的基本技能。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和她一起努力学习，但当第二次考试来临时，她又不及格了。A.semester学期；B.test考试；C.mission任务；D.lesson课程。根据前文“shehadjustfailedthefirstorganicchemistrytest”和后文“shefailedagain”可知，这里说的是第二次考试。故选B项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我不得不说：“看，你考虑过学习其他课程吗？有机化学对你来说真的很难，……”A.Eventually最终；B.Recently最近；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Suddenly突然。根据前文“Istruggledforalongtime”可知，作者纠结了很久，最终才说出这番话。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.begun开始；B.remembered记得；C.regretted后悔；D.considered考虑。根据后文“othercourses?”和“Organicchemistryisreallyhardforyou”可知，作者建议学生考虑学习其他课程。故选D项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她打断我的话，生气地说：“我必须成为一名医生。你不明白吗？”A.slowly慢慢地；B.exactly确切地；C.angrily生气地；D.gently温柔地。根据前文“Shebrokein”和后文“Don’tyouunderstandthat?”可知，她打断了作者的话并反问作者，说明作者让她放弃有机化学的建议让她生气了。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻女士多年来一直在自欺欺人。A.admired钦佩；B.fooled欺骗；C.inspired激励；D.judged判断。根据后文“Noonehadevertoldherthe

:‘Hey,youknow,maybebeingadoctorisn’tsuitableforyou.’”可知，她一直没有认清自己不适合当医生这个事实，所以一直在自己欺骗自己。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从来没有人告诉她真相：“嘿，你知道，也许当医生不适合你。”A.truth真相；B.dream梦想；C.decision决定；D.difference差异。根据后文“Hey,youknow,maybebeingadoctorisn’tsuitableforyou”可知，这是一直没人告诉她的真相。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来她又有几门课程不及格，不得不离开密歇根医学院。A.attended参加；B.failed不及格；C.chose选择；D.finished完成。根据后文“hadtoleaveMichiganMedicalSchool”可知，她是因为课程不及格才离开学校的。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道她浪费了多少时间。A.spared抽出；B.planned计划；C.saved节省；D.wasted浪费。根据前文“Shetoldmethatshehadtobeadoctor,

shehadjustfailedthefirstorganicchemistrytest”以及“Latershe

afewcoursesagainandhadtoleaveMichiganMedicalSchool”可知，她不适合学医却一直坚持，最后还离开了医学院，可知她浪费了很多时间。故选D项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果有人早点对她坦诚相待，她可能就能避免这种可怕的痛苦。A.honest诚实的，坦诚的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.satisfied满意的；D.strict严格的。根据前文“Noonehadevertoldherthe

:‘Hey,youknow,maybebeingadoctorisn’tsuitableforyou.’”，没人告诉她不适合当医生的真相，导致她最后经历痛苦，如果有人早点坦诚相告，她或许能避免。故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：坦诚的引导，虽然艰难，但却是真正的善意。A.intention意图；B.resource资源；C.kindness善意；D.belief信念。根据前文“Butifsomeonehadbeen

withherearlier,shemighthaveavoidedtheterriblesuffering”可知，坦诚地告诉学生她不适合当医生，能让她避免痛苦，这是一种善意的行为。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DuringtheDuanwuFestival,____32____fallsonthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth,peopleinChinahangmugwort(艾草)ontheirdoors.Thistradition____33____(pass)downforcenturiesbecausemugwortisbelievedtoprotectagainstdiseases.____34____(hang)mugwortonthedoorwasacommonpractice.Thestrongsmellofmugwortacts____35____anaturalrepellent(驱虫剂),effectivelydrivingawaymosquitoes,flies,andotherinsects,thusreducingtheriskofdiseases____36____(carry)bythesepests.Peoplealsoboiledmugwortinwaterandused____37____forbathing.Thewaterhadantibacterialeffects,helpingtocleantheskinandremoveharmfulsubstances.Thiswas____38____(especial)usefulduringthehotandhumidseasonwhenskindiseaseswerecommon.Additionally,burningmugwort____39____(leaf)wasamethodtopurifytheair.Thesmokeproducedaspecialsmellthathelpedpurifytheair.Peoplebelievedthiscouldmakethemphysicallystrongerandkeeptheirhomes____40____(safe).Thesepracticesreflectthe____41____(wise)oftheancientsinusingnaturalresourcesforhealthpreservation.【答案】32.which33.hasbeenpassed34.Hanging35.as36.carried37.it38.especially39.leaves40.safer41.wisdom【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国端午节人们挂艾草、用艾草煮水洗澡、燃烧艾草叶等习俗及其背后的原因和意义。【32题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在农历五月初五的端午节期间，中国人会在门上挂艾草。“____fallsonthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词theDuanwuFestival，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。【33题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这个传统已经流传了几个世纪，因为人们相信艾草可以预防疾病。passdown(流传)是谓语动词，与主语“Thistradition”之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“forcenturies”可知，该动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填hasbeenpassed。【34题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在门上挂艾草是一种常见的做法。“(hang)mugwortonthedoor”在句中作主语，应用动名词形式hanging；句首单词首字母大写。故填Hanging。【35题详解】考查介词。句意：艾草强烈的气味起到天然驱虫剂的作用，能有效地驱赶蚊子、苍蝇和其他昆虫，从而降低这些害虫传播疾病的风险。actas是固定短语，意为“充当，起……作用”。故填as。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：艾草强烈的气味起到天然驱虫剂的作用，能有效地驱赶蚊子、苍蝇和其他昆虫，从而降低这些害虫传播疾病的风险。“(carry)bythesepests”作后置定语，carry(携带)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语diseases之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填carried。【37题详解】考查代词。句意：人们还把艾草放在水里煮，然后用它来洗澡。此处指代前面提到的“煮艾草的水”，不可数名词，应用代词it作宾语。故填it。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：这在炎热潮湿、皮肤病常见的季节特别有用。修饰形容词useful，应用副词especially作状语，意为“尤其，特别”。故填especially。【39题详解】考查名词复数。句意：此外，燃烧艾叶是一种净化空气的方法。leaf是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填leaves。【40题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：人们相信这可以使他们身体更强壮，让他们的家更安全。“keepsth.+adj.”是固定结构，意为“使……处于某种状态”，用形容词作宾语补足语，结合“makethemphysicallystronger”可推知，燃烧艾叶能让家更安全，应用比较级形式safer。故填safer。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：这些做法反映了古人利用自然资源进行养生的智慧。提示词作宾语，用名词wisdom，意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。第三节课文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Ⅰ根据课文原文填空，每空只填一个单词。TodaywasmyfirstdaybackinSanFranciscoaftercampingintheRedwoodForestandvisitingthewinecountryofNapaValley.Ihaveto____42____thatit____43____feelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.Andwhatacity—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethat____44____in1906.Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills,offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.【答案】42.admit43.definitely44.occurred【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在红木森林露营和游览纳帕谷葡萄酒产区后回到旧金山的感受，还提到了这座在1906年地震后重建的城市。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：我不得不承认，再次回到城市的感觉真的很好。根据句意，表示“承认”回到这座城市的感觉很好，用动词admit作谓语，在情态动词haveto后用动词原形。故填admit。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：我不得不承认再次回到这座城市真的感觉很好。根据句意，表示“确实，肯定地”，用副词definitely作状语，修饰动词feels，符合语境。故填definitely。【44题详解】考查动词。句意：多么棒的一座城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建自我的城市。“thatin1906”为定语从句，修饰先行词theearthquake，表示“发生”在1906的地震，用动词occur作从句谓语，结合时间状语“in1906”可知，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态。故填occurred。Ⅱ根据课文原文填空，每空只填一个单词。Thefourcountriesthat____45____totheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary____46____.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsand____47____systems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions,liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!【答案】45.belong46.defence47.legal【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了组成英国的四个国家在一些领域合作，使用相同的国旗、货币和军事防御体系，但在教育、法律等方面存在差异。【45题详解】考查动词。句意：属于英国的四个国家在一些领域共同合作。根据句意，此处表示“属于”，用动词belong，作定语从句中谓语，与主语that(即先行词Thefourcountries)之间主动关系，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填belong。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：它们使用相同的国旗，即联合王国国旗，也共享相同的货币和军事防御体系。根据句意，表示“军事防御体系”，用名词defence作宾语，意为“防御，防卫”，不可数名词。故填defence。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。根据句意，表示“法律体系”，用形容词legal作定语，意为“法律的”。故填legal。Ⅲ根据课文原文填空，每空只填一个单词。Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwasdeeplyaffectedbyhermother’sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethe____48____ofgirls,shechosetoworkhardandstudy.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrother____49____,thinkingofthehightuition____50____.She____51____,“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!”Later,shewentontostudymedicineasshehadwished.【答案】48.majority49.complained50.fees51.responded【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了林巧稚受母亲去世影响，18岁时没有像大多数女孩一样走传统婚姻道路，而是选择努力学习医学，面对哥哥抱怨学费高，她坚定回应要终身学习。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻道路，而是选择努力学习。根据语境可知，这里表示“大多数”女孩，majority是名词，themajorityof表示“大多数……”，符合句子结构和句意。故填majority。【49题详解】考查动词。句意：“女孩为什么要学这么多？找个好丈夫才是她们的最终目标！”她哥哥抱怨道，想着高昂的学费。根据“女孩为什么要学这么多？”可知，她哥哥在抱怨，用动词complain，作谓语，意为“抱怨”，这里描述哥哥当时表达不满的行为，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时态。故填complained。【50题详解】考