浙江省金兰教育合作组织2025-2026学年高一上学期11月期中考试英语试卷

2025本卷共9页满分150分，考试时间120第一部 听力(共两节，满分30分第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分10WhatwillKarenCheckthe B.Stopplayingthe C.ApologizetoherWheredoestheconversationprobablytakeOna B.Inthe C.AtaWhatdoesMichellesuggestMarkSeea B.Controlhis C.TrythenewicecreamWhatdoesthemanthinkoftheItis B.Itis C.ItisofpoorWhatdoesthewomanthinkofthecafeteriaIt’s B.It’s C.It’s第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分5A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7WhatisbrokeninthesalesA B.Acopy C.AnairWhatisMaxgoingtodoDealwithotherurgentServeimportantArrangealunch听第7段材料，回答第8至10HowmanypeopleareexpectedtoattendtheAbout B.About C.AboutWhycan’tthepartybeheldinthePineThere’snotenough B.Thedecorationisn’t C.ItisalittleWhatwillDrDarrendonextFridayListentoa B.Takepartina C.Workwithhis听第8段材料，回答第11至13WhydoesthemanmaketheToorder B.Tomakean C.Tomakeacomplaint(投诉HowdoesthewomansolvetheReturntheSendthepizzasonceTakebackthedeliveredHowmanypizzaswillthemangetinA. B. C.听第9段材料，回答第14至16Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthe B.Brotherand C.TeacherandWhydidSammisssomeHeaskedforsick B.Hetookatripto C.HelookedafterhisWhenwillthespeakersmeetintheAt B.At C.At听第10段材料，回答第17至20HowmuchisthemostpopularA. B. C.WhostartedMadameTussaudsAFrench B.Anart C.AWherewasthesecondMadameTussaudsMuseumInLas B.In C.InWhatisthespeakerabouttoHavearestinaHandoutsomeTouraroundthemuseum第二部 阅读(共两节，满分50分第一节(15小题;2.537.5分)A、B、C、D四Differentfromatext-heavynovel,coffeetablebooksofferlargeimagesandsmallersectionsoftext,allowingustoeasilydiveinandexplore.TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt:MasterpiecePaintingsbyKathrynCalleyIfyou’reunabletowanderalongthecorridorsofthisworld-famousmuseumyourself,don’tworry:thisbookoffersanimpressiveinsightintosomeofthemasterpieceshousedhere.Amazingimageswillattractthecasualreader,whileviewsfromGalitz,directorofthemuseum,ondifferentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryloversDestinationsofaLifetime:225oftheWorld’sMostAmazingPlacesbyNationalWithlarge,strikingphotos,amereglancethroughthisbookwillfueltheurgetotravel.Besidesafewofthehotplaces,thereareplentyofdestinationsyoumaynothaveheardof.Alongsideimagesofdramaticlandscapes,accompanyinghandytipsonexperiencingthemlikealocal.SecretGardenersbyVictoriaWhenthinkingofsomeofBritain’smostfamousnames,theirbusy,jet-setlifestylesprobablyspringtomind.But,awayfromthepubliceye,theseindividualsarejustlikeus,andlovenothingmorethanspendinghoursintheirgardens.Thepagesofthisbeautifulbooksharefantasticimagesfromthegardensof25well-knownpersonalities.TheStoryofFood:AnIllustratedHistoryofEverythingWeEatbyDKTheoriginsandfactsofdifferentingredientsareincludedinthisbook,alongwithexplorationsintothedevelopmentofcookingovertheages.Thebookismoretext-heavy,butdon’tletthatputyouoff:therearestillplentyofbeautifulphotosandvividillustrationsthroughout.WhichofthefollowingbooksincludesopinionsfromanSecret B.TheStoryofC.Destinationsofa D.TheMetropolitanMuseumofWhatdoesVictoriawriteHistoryof B.TipsontravelingC.BusylifestylesofBritish D.PrivategardensinWhatmakesTheStoryofFooddifferentfromtheotherItcontainsbiggersectionsof B.ItprovidesunfamiliarC.Itattractscasualreadersand D.ItsharesamazingSingaporeisknownasaworld’smosthighlydevelopedcountry,withwell-equippedapartments.Butforoneman,thatcouldn’tbefurtherfromtheplacehecalledhome—ashelterinoneofthecountry’sforests.OnmeetingOhGoSeng,thefirstthingthatstrikesyouisthebrightlightinhiseyes.Hewearshis79yearsverylightly,lookinginfarbettershapethanmanypeoplehalfhisage.Mr.OhgrewuptogetherwithhisfamilyinSungeiTengah,alocalkampongorvillage.Inthe1980s,however,thesekampongswereknockeddown,tomakewayfornewhigh-risebuildings.Mostkampongresidentswereofferednewhomesbythegovernment,butMr.Ohwasunabletogetaplaceofhisown.Hisbrother,however,didgetagovernmentflatandMr.Ohwasinvitedtolivethere,butheeventuallymovedoutashesaidhedidnotwanttobotherthefamily.So,heheadedbacktoaforestclosetowherehisoldhomeoncestoodandstartedtospendnightsinaUpongettingclosetotheshelter,youseeashesinthedoorwayfromtheopenfirethatMr.Ohwouldcookon.Thegardennearhistentiswherehewouldgrowhisownfood.Thetoweringjackfruittreeoverhistent,hesays,providedenoughshade,andheneverfeltuncomfortable.Lonelinesswasneveraproblemeither,hesays.Hekepthimselfbusytakingcareofhisgarden,althoughthat,headds,wasmadeeasybythegoodgrowingconditions.Theworstaspectoflivingintheforest,hesays,wasthemice.Theywouldfindtheirwayintohisshelterandbiteholesinhisclothes.InFebruarythisyear—onthefirstdayoftheLunarNewYear,Mr.Ohwasgivenanewhometolivein.Henowworksasadriver,transportingforeignworkersfromonejobtoanother,andsometimesdoesgardeningwork,heWhatdoweknowaboutMr.OhfromthefirsttwoHelivesinaverygoodBHeloveshiswell-equippedHelooksyoungforhisHeisveryfondoflightWhywerethosekampongsremovedintheAnewroadwouldbeTheywereinbadThevillagerswantednewTheyhadtomakeroomfornewWhydidMr.Ohmoveoutofhisbrother’sHepreferredtolivealoneinHedidn’twanttotroublehisHedidn’twanttoworkwithhisHehadanargumentwithhisWhatisMr.Oh’sattitudetowardslivingintheA. B. C. D.Inordertohelpdiscoverspoilage(变质)andreducefoodwasteforsupermarketsandconsumers,researchershavedevelopednewlow-cost,smartphone-linked,eco-friendlyspoilagesensorsformeatandfishpackaging.OneinthreeUKconsumersthrowawayfoodjustbecauseitreachestheuse-bydate,but60%(4.2milliontons)ofthe£12.5billion-worthoffoodwethrowawayeachyearissafetoeat.Theresearchers,whosefindingswerepublishedinACSSensors,saythesensorscouldalsofinallyreplacetheuse-bydate,whichisnowwidelyusedtotelliffoodisfreshandeatable.ThesensorscosttwoUScentseachtomake.Knownas“paper-basedelectricalgassensors(PEGS)”,theysensespoilagegaseslikeammonia(apoisonousgaswithastrongunpleasantsmell)inmeatandfishproducts.Theinformationprovidedbytheelectronicnoseisreceivedbyasmartphone,andthenyoucanknowwhetherthefoodisfreshandsafetoeat.LeadauthorDr.FiratGuder,ofImperial’sDepartmentofBioengineering,said,“Althoughthey’redesignedtokeepussafe,use-bydatescanleadtoeatablefoodbeingthrownaway.Theydon’talwaysreflectitsactualfreshness.Infact,peopleoftengetsickfromfood-bornediseasesduetopoorstorage,evenwhenanitemiswithinitsuse-“Thesesensorsarecheapenoughsowehopetoseesupermarketsusingthemwithinthreeyears.OurgoalistousePEGSinfoodpackagingtoreduceunnecessaryfoodwaste.”TheauthorshopethatPEGScouldhaveapplications应用)beyondfoodprocessing,likesensingchemicalsagriculture,airquality,anddetectingdiseasemarkersinWhatisthefunctionofPEGSaccordingtotheToimprovetheserviceofTohelpsupermarketsstoreToimprovethetasteoffoodTohelppeopletestfoodWhatroledoesthesmartphoneplaywhilePEGSareItactsasanelectronicItreadstheinformationcollectedbyItdiscoversthespoilagegasesfromIthelpsprintthegassensorsontoWhatdoesDr.FiratGudersayaboutuse-byTheyarenotcompletely B.TheycanhelpreducefoodC.Theyarenotacceptedby D.TheyarebasedonscientificWhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutintheTheprocessofresearchingspoilageAnewtechnologyinpackagingtoreducefoodUse-bydates’influenceonsupermarketsandVariousapplicationsoftheelectronicnoseinfoodIn1995,amiddle-agedmannamedMcArthurWheelerrobbedtwobanksinPittsburghduringtheday.Hedidn’twearamask—heevensmiledatthesecuritycamerasbeforeleavingeachbank.Thatnight,thepolicearrestedhim.WhenofficersshowedWheelerthecameratapes,helookedshockedandsaid,“ButIusedthejuice!”Wheelerthoughtrubbinglemonjuiceonhisskinwouldmakehiminvisibletothecameras.Heknewlemonjuiceworksas“invisibleink”—youcan’tseewhat’swrittenwithitunlessyouheatthepaper.Sohebelievedhewouldn’tshowuponthetapesifhestayedawayfromheat.ThisstrangecasegottheattentionofDavidDunning,apsychologistatCornellUniversity.HeaskedhisgraduatestudentJustinKrugertohelpfigureoutwhatwasgoingon.Theyfoundthatalmosteveryonethinkstheirabilities(likesocialskillsorthinkingskills)aregood,butsomepeoplemistakenlybelievetheirabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheyreallyare.Thiswrongsenseofconfidenceisnowcalledthe“Dunning-Krugereffect.”Tostudythis,DunningandKrugerdidexperimentswithcollegestudents.Inonetest,theyaskedstudentsquestionsaboutgrammar,logicandjokes.Thentheyhadthestudentsguesstheirscoresandhowtheydidcomparedtoothers.Thestudentswhoscoredthelowestoverestimatedtheirabilitiesthemost.Forexample,thoseatthebottomthoughttheydidbetterthantwo-thirdsoftheotherstudents!It’scommonforpeopletooverestimatetheirabilities.Buttheproblemwithunskilledpeopleisthattheynotonlymakebadchoices—theyalsocan’ttellthey’remakingmistakes.Inayear-longstudy,goodstudentscouldbetterguesstheirfutureexamscoresiftheygotfeedback反馈ontheirgrades.Butpoorstudentsstilldidn’trealizetheyweredoingbadly,evenwhentheygotclear,repeatedfeedback.Insteadofthinkingabouttheirmistakes,insistedtheywereright.AsCharlesDarwinwroteinTheDescentofMan(1871):“IgnorancemorefrequentlyconfidencethandoesInterestingly,verysmartpeoplealsocan’tassesstheirabilitiesaccurately.JustasDandFstudentsoverestimatetheirskills,Astudentsunderestimatetheirs.Thedifferenceis:ifgivenhelpfulfeedback,skilledpeoplecanadjusttheirself-assessment—butunskilledpeoplecan’t.WhydidMcArthurWheelerrublemonjuiceonhisskinbeforerobbingtheHewantedtoprotecthisskinfromtheHethoughtitwouldmakecamerasunabletocatchHeusedittohidethesmellofhissweatintheHebelieveditcouldhelphimstaycalmduringtheWhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheDunning-KrugereffectisTheeffectistrueforeveryoneindailyItsuggeststhatmostpeoplelackSomepeopleareoverconfidentabouttheirTheconclusionismadebasedonmanybankTheunderlinedword“begets”inParagraph4canbereplacedby A.results B.makesuse C.brings D.breaksawayWhatcanweinferfromtheTrueknowledgemeansknowinghowmuchyoudon’tIt’simpossibleforpeopletojudgetheirrealabilityWrongconfidenceisthemainreasonwhypeoplePeoplewithgreatabilitiesoftenhavealowopinionof第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分ColdweatherisgoodforWithwinterapproaching,peoplebegintocomplainaboutcoldweather. There’splentytoloveaboutcoldweather.Andthere’splentyofevidencethatcoolertemperaturescanbepartofahealthyFirst,coolertemperaturescanhelpyouloseweight.Itcanalsohelpyousleepbetter.Youmightfeeluncomfortableatfirstifyoucoolyourbedroomdown.Butifyou,forexample,switchyourbedroomtemperaturefrom72downto62degreesgraduallyoverafewweeks,yourbodywilladjust. Ihavelongkeptmywinterhousetemperatureat62degrees.HowdidIfindthatnumber?Well,Iexperimentedonmyselfabouteightyearsago. Istartedat66andturneditdownonedegreeeveryfewdaysuntil60.Ifoundwhenthetemperaturewascolderthan62,Icouldn’tfocus.But62wasperfect.Anotherbenefitformewasthatitalsokeptmeclear-headedwhileworkingathome.Interestingly,sciencealsosays62degreesisthemagicnumberforbrainwork. Itsaid62degreeswasthetemperatureatwhichtheschoolboysubjectsofthestudyfunctionedperfect.Andwhilewe’respeakingofworkandschool,otherresearchshowsthatpeoplestudybetterwhentheweatheroutsideis“bad”. ButaccordingtoaHarvardHealthLetterfrom2010,propercoldtemperaturescouldbegoodforskinbecauseittrainsbloodvesselsintheskintoberesponsive.So,rosycheeks!There’snoreasontobeafraidofwinterweather.Hugitandyou,too,canenjoytheseason.Irecentlyreada1972Andyou’llsavemoneyonenergycostsasManypeopleliketousecoldwatertowashtheirAtthattime,IworkedathomeandlikedwarmMostofusthinkcoldweatherleadstodryskinandThereasonwasthatIhatedspendingmoneyonheatingButifyou’reactiveandhealthy,itdoesn’thavetobeanegative第三部 语言运用(共两节，满分30分第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个AfterMaggieDoynegraduatedfromhighschool,shedecidedtotakeagapyeartravelingtheworldbeforestartingcollege.She afewofherbelongingsandsetoff.Thejourneychangedherlifeandthelivesofhundredsoforphanedchildren孤儿In2006,DoynetookatripinNepal,Asia.HavinggrownupinNewJersey,Doynewas toseesomanyorphanedchildrenlivingonthestreets.Oneday,shesawalittlegirlnamedHemacarrying toandfromthevillage.Sheearnedtwodollarsadaytosupportherself.Shelaterfoundoutthattherewere80millionchildrenacrosstheglobelivinglikeHema.Shethoughttoherself,“ the80million.WhatifIstartwithHema?”ItwasthenthatshedecidedtotakeHemaunderherwingandpayforherButhelpingHemawasnotenoughforDoyne.Doyneusedher tobuyanacreofland.Then,shebuiltthekidsahome,theKopilaValleyChildren’sNow,theDoSomethingFoundationisdoingsomethingforDoyne.Theorganizationprovidesresourcesandsupportforteensthatwanttomakea(n) intheworld.OnThursdaynight,thefoundation Doynethe$100,000prizewinnerofthe2009DoSomethingTheKopilaValleyChildren’sHome openeditsdoorsin2008.Doyne,now22yearsold,hashelpedmorethan700otherorphansfindfamilies.Shealso aprogramthatprovidesscholarshipsfor familiestosendtheirchildrentoschool.ThechildrenlearnbasicskillssuchassewingandTheyalsogrowtheirownfoodintheirgardenandraisefarm thatshedidn’thaveitall whenshefirstarrivedinNepal.“Ijustfeltthattherewassomethingthereforme,”shesaid.Herparentswere ofher. itwasachallengetopersuadeotheradultsthatan18-year-oldgirlcouldcompletesuchabigproject,Doynenevergaveuponfundraising.Injustoverayear,shehadenoughmoneytobuildherdreamhome.Doyne’sstoryisagood thatalthoughwecannotsolvealltheworld’sproblemsonourown,wecantakethefirststepofsolvingone21.A.packedB.brokeC.builtD.picked22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.B.C.D.31.A.B.C.D.32.A.putB.setC.carriedD.figured33.A.B.C.D.34.A.EvenB.AslongC.AsD.In35.A.B.C.D.第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）Youhaveheardabouttea'shealthbenefits,butnotallthenews （be）good.Thelateststudy,byFarhadIslami,fromtheAmericanCancerSociety,hasfoundthat yourriskofesophagus（食道Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundalink hotdrinksandthistypeofcancer,thisisthefirststudyto （accurate）figureoutthetemperatureatwhichahotliquidbecomesrisky.Dr.Islamiandcolleaguesfindthattheconstantdamageofstomach （cause）byswallowingthehotliquidsspeedupthegrowthofcancer.Whilethe （result）areunsettling,itmayhelpyoutoknowthatoutthemorethan49,000teadrinkersin study,only317developedesophaguscancer.Inotherwords,theoverallriskisstillThestudyhasalsoshowedthatalthoughblackandgreenteashaveantioxidants（抗氧化剂 helpreducecancerrisk,thereareotherunknowncompounds（化合物）intheteasthatmayhaveaharmfuleffectonyourbodywhenthey （make）toohot.Beforedrinkinghotteas, iswisetowaituntiltheycool第四部 写作(共两节，满分40分第一节(满分15分46.80左右。Dearradiostation,第二节(满分25分47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,Itwasinthe1930s,andthingsweretough.MumhadahardtimeraisingusonherowninoursmallcommunityofNewWestminster,BC.MydadhaddrownedinPittLake,fiveyearsago.Lookingback,IrealizewhatMumwentthroughsendinguskidstoschool.Everymorningshewouldputanewpieceofcardboardinourshoes,becausethebottompartswerewornout.Whenwegothome,Mumwouldhave“Frenchtoast”readyforus.Constantmovingwastypicalformyfamilyinthosetimes.Rentwas25dollarsamonth,butMumcouldn’tpayit,andweknewwewouldbeevictedrightafterChristmasonthefirstofJanuary.Christmaswasapproaching,andwewereentitledtoatwenty-five-dollarChristmasfundfromsocialservices.Theinspectorcametoourhouse,andsearcheditfromtoptobottomtobesurewedidn’thaveanyfoodhiddenaway.Whenhedidn’tfindany,heissuedthechequetoMum.Mumsaidthatinsteadofbuyingfood,shewouldusethe25dollarstopaybackrent,assuringallofusaroofoverourheadsforalittlewhilelonger.ShetoldusthentherewouldbenothingforChristmas.UnknowntoMum,IhadbeensellingChristmastree,cleaningsnow,anddoingpart-timejobstoearnenoughmoneytobuyanewpairofboots.Bootsthatweren’tpatched,bootswithnocardboardinthesoles.IknewexactlywhichbootsIwanted.Theywereten-inchTopGenuinePierreParisandtheyhadapriceof23dollars.Well,thebigdaycameontheafternoonofChristmasEve.Iwasexcited,asIhurrieduptheroadtotheshoestore,butonthewayInoticedahousewithChristmaslightsanddecorations.ItwasthenIrealizedatourhouse,wehadnolights,nodecorations,noranymoneyforChristmasmeals.IknewthatwewouldhavenoturkeyorhamforChristmas,andIfelt150个左右AsIcontinuedwalking,IbegantoreconsidermyWithgreatexcitementandtears,Iknockedonthedoorofour2025本卷共9页满分150分，考试时间120第一部 听力(共两节，满分30分第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分10WhatwillKarenCheckthe B.Stopplayingthe C.ApologizetoherWheredoestheconversationprobablytakeOna B.Inthe C.AtaWhatdoesMichellesuggestMarkSeea B.Controlhis C.TrythenewicecreamWhatdoesthemanthinkoftheItis B.Itis C.ItisofpoorWhatdoesthewomanthinkofthecafeteriaIt’s B.It’s C.It’s第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分5A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7WhatisbrokeninthesalesA B.Acopy C.AnairWhatisMaxgoingtodoDealwithotherurgentServeimportantArrangealunch听第7段材料，回答第8至10HowmanypeopleareexpectedtoattendtheAbout B.About C.AboutWhycan’tthepartybeheldinthePineThere’snotenough B.Thedecorationisn’t C.ItisalittleWhatwillDrDarrendonextFridayListentoa B.Takepartina C.Workwithhis听第8段材料，回答第11至13WhydoesthemanmaketheToorder B.Tomakean C.Tomakeacomplaint(投诉HowdoesthewomansolvetheReturntheSendthepizzasonceTakebackthedeliveredHowmanypizzaswillthemangetinA. B. C.听第9段材料，回答第14至16Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthe B.Brotherand C.TeacherandWhydidSammisssomeHeaskedforsick B.Hetookatripto C.HelookedafterhisWhenwillthespeakersmeetintheAt B.At C.At听第10段材料，回答第17至20HowmuchisthemostpopularA. B. C.WhostartedMadameTussaudsAFrench B.Anart C.AWherewasthesecondMadameTussaudsMuseumInLas B.In C.InWhatisthespeakerabouttoHavearestinaHandoutsomeTouraroundthemuseum第二部 阅读(共两节，满分50分第一节(15小题;2.537.5分)A、B、C、DDifferentfromatext-heavynovel,coffeetablebooksofferlargeimagesandsmallersectionsoftext,allowingustoeasilydiveinandexplore.TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt:MasterpiecePaintingsbyKathrynCalleyIfyou’reunabletowanderalongthecorridorsofthisworld-famousmuseumyourself,don’tworry:thisbookoffersanimpressiveinsightintosomeofthemasterpieceshousedhere.Amazingimageswillattractthecasualreader,whileviewsfromGalitz,directorofthemuseum,ondifferentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryloversDestinationsofaLifetime:225oftheWorld’sMostAmazingPlacesbyNationalWithlarge,strikingphotos,amereglancethroughthisbookwillfueltheurgetotravel.Besidesafewofthehotplaces,thereareplentyofdestinationsyoumaynothaveheardof.Alongsideimagesofdramaticlandscapes,accompanyinghandytipsonexperiencingthemlikealocal.SecretGardenersbyVictoriaWhenthinkingofsomeofBritain’smostfamousnames,theirbusy,jet-setlifestylesprobablyspringtomind.But,awayfromthepubliceye,theseindividualsarejustlikeus,andlovenothingmorethanspendinghoursintheirgardens.Thepagesofthisbeautifulbooksharefantasticimagesfromthegardensof25well-knownpersonalities.TheStoryofFood:AnIllustratedHistoryofEverythingWeEatbyDKTheoriginsandfactsofdifferentingredientsareincludedinthisbook,alongwithexplorationsintothedevelopmentofcookingovertheages.Thebookismoretext-heavy,butdon’tletthatputyouoff:therearestillplentyofbeautifulphotosandvividillustrationsthroughout.WhichofthefollowingbooksincludesopinionsfromanSecret B.TheStoryofC.Destinationsofa D.TheMetropolitanMuseumofWhatdoesVictoriawriteHistoryof B.TipsontravelingC.BusylifestylesofBritish D.PrivategardensinWhatmakesTheStoryofFooddifferentfromtheotherItcontainsbiggersectionsof B.ItprovidesunfamiliarC.Itattractscasualreadersand D.Itsharesamazing【答案】1. 2. 3.Singaporeisknownasaworld’smosthighlydevelopedcountry,withwell-equippedapartments.Butforoneman,thatcouldn’tbefurtherfromtheplacehecalledhome—ashelterinoneofthecountry’sforests.OnmeetingOhGoSeng,thefirstthingthatstrikesyouisthebrightlightinhiseyes.Hewearshis79yearsverylightly,lookinginfarbettershapethanmanypeoplehalfhisage.Mr.OhgrewuptogetherwithhisfamilyinSungeiTengah,alocalkampongorvillage.Inthe1980s,however,thesekampongswereknockeddown,tomakewayfornewhigh-risebuildings.Mostkampongresidentswereofferednewhomesbythegovernment,butMr.Ohwasunabletogetaplaceofhisown.Hisbrother,however,didgetagovernmentflatandMr.Ohwasinvitedtolivethere,butheeventuallymovedoutashesaidhedidnotwanttobotherthefamily.So,heheadedbacktoaforestclosetowherehisoldhomeoncestoodandstartedtospendnightsinaUpongettingclosetotheshelter,youseeashesinthedoorwayfromtheopenfirethatMr.Ohwouldcookon.Thegardennearhistentiswherehewouldgrowhisownfood.Thetoweringjackfruittreeoverhistent,hesays,providedenoughshade,andheneverfeltuncomfortable.Lonelinesswasneveraproblemeither,hesays.Hekepthimselfbusytakingcareofhisgarden,althoughthat,headds,wasmadeeasybythegoodgrowingconditions.Theworstaspectoflivingintheforest,hesays,wasthemice.Theywouldfindtheirwayintohisshelterandbiteholesinhisclothes.InFebruarythisyear—onthefirstdayoftheLunarNewYear,Mr.Ohwasgivenanewhometolivein.Henowworksasadriver,transportingforeignworkersfromonejobtoanother,andsometimesdoesgardeningwork,heWhatdoweknowaboutMr.OhfromthefirsttwoHelivesinaverygoodBHeloveshiswell-equippedHelooksyoungforhisHeisveryfondoflightWhywerethosekampongsremovedintheAnewroadwouldbeTheywereinbadThevillagerswantednewTheyhadtomakeroomfornewWhydidMr.Ohmoveoutofhisbrother’sHepreferredtolivealoneinHedidn’twanttotroublehisHedidn’twanttoworkwithhisHehadanargumentwithhisWhatisMr.Oh’sattitudetowardslivingintheA. B. C. D.【答案】4. 5. 6. 7.Inordertohelpdiscoverspoilage(变质)andreducefoodwasteforsupermarketsandconsumers,researchershavedevelopednewlow-cost,smartphone-linked,eco-friendlyspoilagesensorsformeatandfishpackaging.OneinthreeUKconsumersthrowawayfoodjustbecauseitreachestheuse-bydate,but60%(4.2milliontons)ofthe£12.5billion-worthoffoodwethrowawayeachyearissafetoeat.Theresearchers,whosefindingswerepublishedinACSSensors,saythesensorscouldalsofinallyreplacetheuse-bydate,whichisnowwidelyusedtotelliffoodisfreshandeatable.ThesensorscosttwoUScentseachtomake.Knownas“paper-basedelectricalgassensors(PEGS)”,theysensespoilagegaseslikeammonia(apoisonousgaswithastrongunpleasantsmell)inmeatandfishproducts.Theinformationprovidedbytheelectronicnoseisreceivedbyasmartphone,andthenyoucanknowwhetherthefoodisfreshandsafetoeat.LeadauthorDr.FiratGuder,ofImperial’sDepartmentofBioengineering,said,“Althoughthey’redesignedtokeepussafe,use-bydatescanleadtoeatablefoodbeingthrownaway.Theydon’talwaysreflectitsactualfreshness.Infact,peopleoftengetsickfromfood-bornediseasesduetopoorstorage,evenwhenanitemiswithinitsuse-by“Thesesensorsarecheapenoughsowehopetoseesupermarketsusingthemwithinthreeyears.OurgoalistousePEGSinfoodpackagingtoreduceunnecessaryfoodwaste.”TheauthorshopethatPEGScouldhaveapplications应用)beyondfoodprocessing,likesensingchemicalsagriculture,airquality,anddetectingdiseasemarkersinWhatisthefunctionofPEGSaccordingtotheToimprovetheserviceofTohelpsupermarketsstoreToimprovethetasteoffoodTohelppeopletestfoodWhatroledoesthesmartphoneplaywhilePEGSareItactsasanelectronicItreadstheinformationcollectedbyItdiscoversthespoilagegasesfromIthelpsprintthegassensorsontoWhatdoesDr.FiratGudersayaboutuse-byTheyarenotcompletely B.TheycanhelpreducefoodC.Theyarenotacceptedby D.TheyarebasedonscientificWhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutintheTheprocessofresearchingspoilageAnewtechnologyinpackagingtoreducefoodUse-bydates’influenceonsupermarketsandVariousapplicationsoftheelectronicnoseinfood【答案】8. 9. 10. 11.In1995,amiddle-agedmannamedMcArthurWheelerrobbedtwobanksinPittsburghduringtheday.Hedidn’twearamask—heevensmiledatthesecuritycamerasbeforeleavingeachbank.Thatnight,thepolicearrestedhim.WhenofficersshowedWheelerthecameratapes,helookedshockedandsaid,“ButIusedthejuice!”Wheelerthoughtrubbinglemonjuiceonhisskinwouldmakehiminvisibletothecameras.Heknewlemonjuiceworksas“invisibleink”—youcan’tseewhat’swrittenwithitunlessyouheatthepaper.Sohebelievedhewouldn’tshowuponthetapesifhestayedawayfromheat.ThisstrangecasegottheattentionofDavidDunning,apsychologistatCornellUniversity.HeaskedhisgraduatestudentJustinKrugertohelpfigureoutwhatwasgoingon.Theyfoundthatalmosteveryonethinkstheirabilities(likesocialskillsorthinkingskills)aregood,butsomepeoplemistakenlybelievetheirabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheyreallyare.Thiswrongsenseofconfidenceisnowcalledthe“Dunning-Krugereffect.”Tostudythis,DunningandKrugerdidexperimentswithcollegestudents.Inonetest,theyaskedstudentsquestionsaboutgrammar,logicandjokes.Thentheyhadthestudentsguesstheirscoresandhowtheydidtoothers.Thestudentswhoscoredthelowestoverestimatedtheirabilitiesthemost.Forexample,thoseatthebottomthoughttheydidbetterthantwo-thirdsoftheotherstudents!It’scommonforpeopletooverestimatetheirabilities.Buttheproblemwithunskilledpeopleisthattheynotonlymakebadchoices—theyalsocan’ttellthey’remakingmistakes.Inayear-longstudy,goodstudentscouldbetterguesstheirfutureexamscoresiftheygotfeedback反馈ontheirgrades.Butpoorstudentsstilldidn’trealizetheyweredoingbadly,evenwhentheygotclear,repeatedfeedback.Insteadofthinkingabouttheirmistakes,insistedtheywereright.AsCharlesDarwinwroteinTheDescentofMan(1871):“IgnorancemorefrequentlyconfidencethandoesInterestingly,verysmartpeoplealsocan’tassesstheirabilitiesaccurately.JustasDandFstudentsov