译林版（2024）八年级上册英语：自然灾害 主题写作指导 讲义

第第页译林版（2024）八年级上册英语：自然灾害主题写作指导★常用表达：1.Iwassleepingwhenitstartedtorain.我正在睡觉,突然下起雨来。 2.WhenIwokeup,therewaswatereverywhere.[来源当我醒来时，到处都要水。3.Floodwashesawaymanyvillages.洪水冲走了许多村庄。 4.Theearthquakekillsthousandsofpeople.地震造成了数千人死亡。 Therewasaheavystormwiththunderandlightning.有一个雷电交加大风暴。Lightninghitaclassroombuildinganditcaughtfire.闪电击中教学楼并着火了。Iwassleepingwhentheearthquakestarted.我正在睡觉，这时地震开始了。Peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.碎玻璃和碎砖块纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。 9.Icouldn’tseeanythingatall,andIdidn’tknowifanyoneelsewasnearme.我什么也看不见，也不知道我附近是否有其他别的人。 10.Ifeltnervousandmyheartwasbeatingfast.我感到紧张，心跳得很快。 11.Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind,butItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.我的脑海中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我仍然活着。 12.Istartedtopullmyselfslowlythroughthedark.我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。13.Luckily,therewasjustenoughspaceformetomove.幸运的是，刚好有足够的空间让我移动。14.Hourslater,asIwastryingtofindmywayout,Isuddenlyheardsomenoiseaboveme.数小时后，当我设法找出路时，我突然听到我上面有些噪音。 15.ThenIheardshoutsfromexcitedpeople.然后听到了激动的人群的叫喊声。16.Mydad’scarbrokedownbecauseofthecoldweather.由于天气寒冷，我父亲的车出坏了。 17.Hewasringingsomeonetocomeandhelpwhenyousawus.他正打电话叫人来帮忙，这时你就看到我们了。 18.Hefelloverwhenhewasmakingasnowman.他有堆雪人时跌倒了。 19.Trytogetoutassoonaspossible.设法尽快地出来。 20.Coveryourmouthandnosewithawettoweltoprotectyourselffromthicksmoke.用潮湿毛巾捂住你的嘴和鼻子,以便保护你自己避免受到浓烟的伤害。 21.Nevergobackintothebuildingonfire.决不要回到着火的大楼里去。 22.Donotwalkthroughthefloodwater.[来源:学#科#网][来源:学_科_网_X_X_K]不要穿过洪水。 23.Welearntalotaboutkeepingourselvessafefromfiresandtrafficaccidents.我们学到了很多有关保护我们自身安全免受火灾交通事故的伤害的知识。 24.Whatshouldwedotoprotectourselvesfromtrafficaccidents?我们应该做些什么来保护自己免受交通事故？ 25.Peopleweretryingtoclearthesnowfromthestreets.人们正在设法清理大街上的雪。 26.AsnowstormhitBeijingonFriday,5January.一月五号星期五，一场暴风雪袭击了北京。27.Myparentscouldnotgethomethatnightbecauseoftheheavysnow.那天晚上，由于大雪，我父母不能回家。 28.Thesnowkeptfallingaroundus.雪不停地落在我们周围。 29.Suddenly,astrongwindcamefrombehind,andIlostmyumbrellainthewind.突然，一阵强风从后面刮来，我在风中丢失了雨伞。 火灾①在我们的身边时常会发生一些灾害和事故，许多人因此而丧生，所以学会怎样在事故中保护自己非常重要。请根据提示词，以“HowtoProtectYourselfinaFire”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。提示词：lift,call,turn,gas,light,cover,jump,calmHowtoProtectYourselfinaFireRecently,thefiredisasterhasbeenfrequentlyreportedonTV.So,ourschoolthinksitisnecessarytoteachstudentshowtoprotectthemselvesinafire.Andherecomethemethods.First,weshouldkeepcalm.Itisveryimportanttokeepyourheadclear.Second,weshouldcutofftheelectricityinthehouseincasewecouldgethurtbyit.Third,weshouldturnoffthegasandlights.Fourth,weshouldcoverournosewithawetcloth.Fifth,remembernottojumpoffawindowortakethelift.Sixth,wecanalsocall119forhelp.Finally,weshouldtryourbesttogetoutthere.Theseareourschool’smethods.Ithinkthesemethodsareveryusefultous.②请结合下图内容及提示，以“TheImportanceofFireSafety”为题，根据写作要求，写一篇不少于80词的短文。2.Whatshouldwedoinafire?参考词汇：fireextinguisher灭火器；electricalproblems电气问题；escapefrom...逃离TheImportanceofFireSafetyFiresafetyisimportantforeveryonetounderstand.Thereareseveralthingsthatcancausefires.Theseincludehumanactivities,suchaselectricalproblems,cookingaccidents,andnaturalcauses.Asaresult,it’simportanttoknowhowtorespondtoandpreventafire.Incaseofasmallfire,weshouldstaycalmandcall119.Trytoputoutthefirewithafireextinguisherorwaterifpossible.Escapefromthefireareaimmediatelyandcall119ifthefireistoolargetocontrol.Topreventfires,first,weshouldbecarefulwhenusingelectronicsandmakesurethey’reingoodcondition.Second,whencooking,wecan’tleavethekitchen.What’smore,weshouldgetbasicfiresafetyknowledgeandpracticeescapeplansregularlyinschoolorathome.③目前,天干物燥,气温上升,凉山州森林防火形式依然严峻。最近学校举行一场以“Preventingforestfromfireiseveryone’sduty”的主题班会，号召大家积极参与森林防火，人人有责的宣传活动，让学生明白青山绿水就是金山银山。请根据下面内容和提示词，写一篇英文短文。1.森林对人类非常重要：森林吸收二氧化碳,生产氧气；有许多动物住在森林里，它们从林中获取食物；森林让山更绿，水干净。2.森林火灾导致很多问题：烧死人和动物；严重破坏自然环境。3.为了避免火灾事故:政府花钱修建了森林隔离带；同时政府制定了规则，不准在林区吸烟；不准野外生火、玩火；每天许多消防员和工作人员在山上守护森林；告诉家人和朋友积极参与保护森林；如果发现森林火灾拨打电话12119，但老人和孩子不能去救火。写作要求:1.参考单词：destroy(破坏)，takeincarbondioxide(二氧化碳)，makeoxygen(制造氧气)，inorderto(为了)，avoid(避免)，fireaccident(火灾事故)，Takeanactivepartin(积极参与)，government(政府)，guard(守护)，firemen(消防员)，森林隔离带(forestisolationbelt)，救火(fight/putoutafire)，Cleanwaterandgreenmountainsareourtreasures(青山绿水就是金山银山)；2.所有的提示词都须用上，包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；3.字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚；4.词数80词左右。（演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。）Preventingforestfromfireiseveryone’sdutyThesedays,it’sdryandhot,thetemperatureisrisinggradually,theforestfirepreventionisveryseriousinLiangShan.Sowhatcanwedoforforestandhowtokeepawayfromtheforestfire?First,forestsareveryimportantforhumans.Foreststakeincarbondioxidefromtheairandmakeoxygen.Manyanimalsliveintheforest,theygetfoodfromtheforest.Forestscankeepwatercleanerandmakethemountainsgreener.Second,forestfirecausedalotofproblems.Firecouldkillpeopleandanimals.Itdestroyedthenaturalenvironmentbadly.Third,inordertoavoidfireaccidents.Thegovernmentspentsomemoneybuildingforestisolationbelts.Atthesametime,thegovernmentmadesomerules,don’tsmokeintheforest.Peoplearen’tallowedtomakeafireorplaywiththefireintheforest.Anumberof

firemenandworkersguardtheforestsinthemountainseveryday.Wehavetotellmyfamilyandfriendstotakeanactivepartinprotectingtheforests.Ifyoufindaforestfire,pleasecall12119,buttheoldandthechildrenmustn’ttakepartinputtingoutafire.Inaword,forestsarehumans’andanimals’homes,weshouldplantmoretreesandtakegoodcareofourforests.Aswecansay,cleanwaterandgreenmountainsareourtreasures.地震①自然灾害时有发生，而且发生得很突然，很难预警。请你以“地震”为主题，根据以下提示写一篇主题报告，给同学们提供一些地震逃生的建议。室内室外*不要从高楼上跳下*远离桥梁、树木、路灯或电线*可以藏在桌下，要远离窗户、沉重的家具*在车里时，应待里面*地面停止晃动时，要快速离开*在山里时，要当心落石另外，要保持冷静，勇敢而且也要乐于助人。WhattodoinanearthquakeEarthquakesalwayshappensuddenly,soitisdifficulttowarnpeopleaboutthem.Hereissomeadviceforyoutokeepsafe.Whenyou’reinside,youmustn’tjumpoutofhighbuildings.Youcanhideunderatable.Andyoushouldstayawayfromwindowsandheavyfurniture.You’dbetterleavethebuildingquicklywhenthegroundstopsshaking.Butdon’tusethelifts.Whenyouareoutside,you’dbetterkeepawayfrombridges,trees,streetlightsorpowerlines.Whenyou’reinacarorbus,youshouldstayinit.Whenyouareinthemountains,youshouldbecarefuloffallingrocks.What’smore,youmustkeepcalm,bebraveandbehelpful.Ifyoufollowtheadvice,youcanbesafeandhelpsaveothers.②2023年12月18日晚，甘肃积石山发生了6.2级地震，该地震给人民生命和财产造成了巨大的损失，在地震中如何保护自己变得尤为重要，以“HowtoProtectOurselvesduringanearthquake”为题，根据图中提示写一篇80词左右的文章。Keepcalm

gotoanopenareaGetunderahardchairorbedstayawayfrombuildingsHowtoProtectOurselvesDuringanEarthquake?Lifeisnoteasy.Asastudent,weshouldlearnhowtoprotectourselvesduringanearthquake.Whenanearthquakehappens,firstweshouldcalmdown,whichisthemostimportant.Secoond,tryyourbesttogotoanopenareaasquicklyaspossible.Third,hidebeneathourdeskswithourschoolbagsonourheadsifweareinclass.Thatcankeepusalittlesafer.Besurenottojumpoffthebuilding.Atlast,ifweareontheplayground,donotmoveandstayawayfrombuildings.Whenwearefacedwithnaturaldisasters,individualpoweristiny.Onlybyunitingcanweovercomethedifficulties.Thesearemysuggestions.Keeptheminmindandmaybesomedaywecansurviveincaseofanearthquake.③2023年12月18日午夜，甘肃临夏州积石山县发生了6.2级地震，造成了130多人死亡，近800人受伤。假设你们学校近期要举办“地震自救知识演讲比赛”，请你根据以下内容提示，以“Howtokeepsafewhenanearthquakehappens”为题写一篇英文演讲稿，谈谈在发生地震期间应该如何保护自己。内容提示:A．保持镇定，如果地震发生时你在家或者在教室，应迅速躲到坚固的床或桌子下。不要从高楼跳下去。B．可以用手或软的东西保护脸和头。C．当地面停止晃动时要尽快离开建筑物，不要使用电梯；如果你在户外，要远离高的建筑物和路灯。D．要勇敢，要乐于助人。HowtokeepsafewhenanearthquakehappensHello,everyone.It’sveryimportantforustokeepsafewhenanearthquakehappens.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotectourselvesfrombeinginjured.Weshouldpayattentiontothefollowing.Firstofall,wemustkeepcalm.Ifwe’reathomeorintheclassroomwhentheearthquakehappens,weshouldhideunderthehardbedsordesksquickly.Don’tjumpoutofthehighbuildings.Second,weshouldprotectourfacesandheadswithhandsorothersoftthings.Third,whenthegroundstopsshaking,weshouldrunoutdoorsassoonaspossible.Butdon’ttakethelift.Ifweareoutside,remembertokeepawayfromtallbuildingsandthestreetlights.Atlast,weshouldbebraveandhelpful.That’sall.Thankyou.洪水每到夏天，总有些地方洪水肆虐。如何在洪水中保护自己呢？你班在英语课上就这一问题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语说说自己的观点。BeforethedisasterHowtoprotectourselvesinthefloodDuringthedisaster●oftenwatchnewsabouttheflood●preparewater,foodandmedicinemovetohigherplacesatoncedon’ttrytoswim...Goodmorning,everyone!Floodshappennearlyeverysummer.TodayI’dliketotalkabouthowtoprotectourselvesintheflood.Firstly,weshouldoftenwatchthenewsaboutthefloodduringtherainyseason.Weneedtopreparewater,foodandmedicinebeforethedisastercomes.Secondly,whenthereisaflood,wemustmovetohigherplacesatonceandstaytheretowaitforrescue.Remembernottotrytoswimthroughthefloodwater.Thirdly,ifthefloodwashesusaway,weshouldkeepcalm.Wecancatchsomethingmadeofwoodanditcanhelpusgetoutofthewater.Ifweneedhelp,wecanalsocallthepolice.Allinall,Ihopeeveryonecanmastersomesurvivalskillsandkeepsafeintheflood.龙卷风/台风①假定你是李华，在报纸上看到了有关GardenCity遭受台风袭击的新闻报道后，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议信。内容包括：1.倡议的原因（发生什么和造成的后果）；2.倡议的内容（筹款、捐衣物和充当志愿者）；3.发出倡议。Dearfriends,GardenCitywashitbyatyphoonlastweek.It’sreportedthatthetyphoonwassostrongthatmanypeoplelosttheirlivesandgothurt.Manyhousesandschoolsweredestroyed.Peopletherearelivingahardlifenow.Peopleallovertheworldaretryingtheirbesttohelpthem,notexceptingus.Offeryourlovetothem.Whatyoucandoisonlytodonateapencil,abag,somecoatsthatyoudon’twanttodressin,oralittlepocketmoney.Alittleloveisagreathelptothem.Ifpossible,youcanworkasavolunteertohelpsomehomelessstudentswiththeirlifeandwork.Pleasedonateyourloveandgiveoutyourhandswithouthesitation.Thankyouforyourattentionandcare.Yours,LiHua②根据以下提示写一篇有关自然灾害的文章(80词左右)。1.4月21日，一场龙卷风(tornado)袭击了湖南衡阳(Hengyang);2.一开始，天变黑，大家能听到一阵奇怪的噪音，很害怕，无人知道正发生什么;3.几分钟后，人们听到雷声，看到闪电，然后一切开始移动，最后，它突然停止;4.在这次灾难中，7人死亡，2400多房屋倒塌，数千人无处居住，学生无处上课;5.灾难后，人们开始互救，许多警察来帮忙;6.如果大家都乐于帮助需要帮助的人，世界将充满爱。OnApril21st,atornadohitHengyanginHunan.Atthebeginning,theskybecamedark.Everyonecouldhearastrangenoise.Theywereveryafraid.Butnobodyknewwhatwashappening.Afewminuteslater,peopleheardthethunderandsawthelightning.Theneverythingbegantomove.Finally,itsuddenlystopped.Duringthedisaster,sevenpeoplelosttheirlives.Over2,400housesfelldown.Thousandsofpeoplehadnowheretolive.Thestudentshadnoclassroomstohavelessons.Afterthedisaster,peoplebegantohelpeachother.Manypolicemencametohelp.Ithinkeveryoneshouldbewillingtohelppeopleinneed,andtheworldwillbefulloflove.暴风雪/雨①雪可以给我们带来快乐，但同时我们也应该懂得如何在暴雪天气保护自己。请你结合下面图示信息，以“Howtoprotectourselvesduringtheheavysnow”为题，根据写作要求，用英语写一篇短文，向校刊的英语专栏投稿。HowtoprotectourselvesduringtheheavysnowItisquitenormaltohaveheavysnowinwinter.However,whenthereisheavysnow,itisalsoverydangerous,suchasfallingdownandsoon.Howtoprotectourselvesduringtheheavysnow?Herearesomesuggestions.First,stayawayfromsnow-coveredtreesandbillboardsbecausetheycanfallandhurtpeople.Second,itisbesttowearcleatstoavoidfallingdown.Third,wehadbetternotgoout.Ifwehavetogoout,wemustpayattentiontosafety.Also,wemustbecarefulofholesunderthesnow.Snowcanbringushappinessifwelearntoprotectourselves.②Daming所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场暴风雪。很幸运，暴风雪时间并不长，他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Daming请描述一下暴风雪发生时家里人的活动情景。写作要点：1.写明暴风雪的时间：yesterdayevening2.暴风雪时全家人都在做什么：Mymotherwas...3.暴风雪时的心情：scared...4.暴风雪的后果：allsafe提示词：luckily...

Rememberto...MynameisDaming.Inmycity,therewasasnowstormyesterdayevening.Mymotherwascookingdinnerinthekitchenwhenitstarted.MyfatherwaswatchingTV,andmylittlesisterwasplayingwithhertoys.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkinmyroom.Suddenly,thewindhowledloudly,andthesnowfellheavily.Wewereallscaredbecauseitwassoloudandunexpected.Luckily,thestormdidn’tlastlong.Afteritended,wecheckedeverythingandfeltrelievedthatwewereallsafeandsound.Remembertostayindoorsduringbadweather.山崩请你根据下面提示,以Alandslide（山崩）为题,写一篇70词左右的短文。1.8月17日（星期六）发生了一次山崩（landslide）；2.连续两天大雨后，早晨山崩发生；3.那天有个女孩与她母亲在家，父亲在下午到家，并叫她们赶快离开；4.雨大，父亲劝告她们带好雨伞；5.这是房子开始摇晃，她们非常害怕，迅速跑开了；6.第二天上午回家时，女孩发现房子没有了，到处是玻璃和砖块，女孩感到很悲伤。AlandslideTherewasalandslideonSaturday,17thAugust.Aftertwodaysofheavyrain,thelandslidehappenedinthemorning.Agirlwasathomewithhismumthatday.Herdadcamehomeintheafternoonandtoldthemtoleavetheflat.Becauseoftheheavyrain,headvisedthemtobringumbrellas.Theygotoutquickly.Suddenlythebuildingstartedshaking.Theywerefrightenedandranawayquickly.Theweatherwasreallyterrible.Thefollowingmorning,theywentbackhome.Thegirlfoundtherewasnohouseatall.Therewereonlypiecesofglassandbrickseverywhere.Theygirlfeltverysad.Vocabulary.四会单词&词组1inalldirections[dəˈrekʃn]四处2tornado[tɔːˈneɪdəʊ]n.[大气]龙卷风3disaster[dɪˈzɑːstə(r)]n.灾难4befullof[bifʊlɒv]v.充满5asusual[æzˈjuːʒuəl]像往常一样6landslide[ˈlændslaɪd]n.[地]山崩7brick[brɪk]n.砖；积木8deforestation[ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn]n.采伐森林，森林开伐9desertification[dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]n.沙漠化；沙化10sustainable[səˈsteɪnəbl]可持续的11development[dɪˈveləpmənt]n.发展12offspring[ˈɒfsprɪŋ]n.后代，子孙13providesb.withsth.[prəˈvaɪd]给某人提供某事14alargeamountof[əˈmaʊnt]大量15necessity[nəˈsesəti]n.必要，需要；必需品16underthethreatof...[θret]在...威胁下17raisetheawarenessof..[əˈweənəs]提高...意识18aslongas只要19inthefirstplace首先【Homework】为了增强全民防灾减灾意识，推广避灾自救技能，无锡防灾减灾中心将举行“防灾减灾，守护安全”短视频创作比赛。假如你是阳光中学的李华，你打算参加本次活动。请根据以下流程图为你的短视频写一篇英文旁白。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________