Unit5Grammar预习本-沪教版英语八年级上册

8AUnit5Goonanexchangetrip语法梳理现在完成时一、基本结构：have/has+动词的过去分词二、句型肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?简略回答：Yes,主语+have/has.（肯定）/No,主语+haven't/hasn't.（否定）三、用法1.现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，该动作对现在还有影响。Ihavespentallofmymoney.我花光了我所有的钱。Tomhase.Tom来了。Myfatherhasgonetowork.我爸爸去上班了。2.现在完成时还可以表示发生在过去某一时刻的，并持续到现在的动作（用持续性动词表示）或状态（用be动词表示）。该动作或状态可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点/过去时的句子”的时间状语连用。Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.玛丽病了三天了。Ihavelivedheresince1998.我从1998年起就住在这里了。四、现在完成时的标志词现在完成时的含义之一是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响。使用以下五个标志词可以表达这种含义：1.already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中。既可以放句中也可以放句末。help.=alreadygotherhelp.=Hehasgotherhelpalready.他已经得到她的帮助了。2.just意为“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这部电影。3.yet意为“尚未；仍未”，常用于疑问句和否定句中。yet用于疑问句中，还可意为“已经；还”，通常放在句末。—HasTomebackyet?汤姆已经回来了吗？—No,hehasn’tebackyet.没，他还没有回来。4.ever意为“曾经”，常用于肯定句和疑问句中。ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最棒的电影。HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你曾经去过香港吗？5.never意为“从来没有”，表示否定，其句中不能再用其他否定词。6.since意为“自从”,作介词时,后面可以接过去某个时间点,例:since1980;也可以接“一段时间+ago”,例:sincetwomonthsago。since还可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。主句(现在完成时)+since+从句(一般过去时)Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.我们上大学时就互相认识了。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从来没有去过北京。......(到现在为止)......时间”,后面接时间段。例:forthreeyears.注意:非延续性动词不能直接与for或since引导的时间状语连用,但可以用相应的延续性动词或表示状态的形容词、副词或介词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。例:buy→have,borrow→→keep，bee→be,leave→beaway(from),die→bedead,start→beon,open→beopen,close→beclosed,join→bein/beamemberof,fallasleep→beasleep,eto→bein/at,goout→beout等他已经加入这个俱乐部两年了。错误说法：Hehasjoinedtheclubfortwoyears.正确说法：Hehasbeenin/amemberoftheclubfortwoyears.五、易错点1.“havebeenin+地点名词”表示已经在某地,常与时间状语“for+时间段”连用。PeterhasbeeninAmericafortwoyears.彼得已经在美国待了两年了。2.“havebeento+地点名词”意为“去过某地”,表示已经回来了。PeterhasbeentoAmerica.彼得去过美国。3.“havegoneto+地点名词”意为“已经去了某地”,表示还没回来。PeterhasgonetoAmerica.彼得已经去美国了。A基础练习(建议用时:15分钟)一、写出下列动词的过去分词形式。1.get__________ 2.go__________ 3.teach__________ 4.think__________5.stop__________ 6.run__________ 7.speak__________ 8.make__________二、用never、ever、already、just、yet、for、since填空。9.TheWonderingEarthIIisagoodmovie,butIhave__________seenit.10.MrWanghastaughtinthisschool__________tenyears.11.Mysisterhas__________finishedherhomework.12.—Haveyou__________readthebook? —No,Ihave__________readit.13.Lindahasn’tfinishedherreport__________.14.Ihave__________washedthedishes.Youdon’tneedtoworryaboutit.15.TinahaslivedinChina__________2018.三、单项选择()16.Wehaven’tstudiedUnit6________.A.never B.ever C.already D.yet()17.—Haveyou________learntEnglish?—Yes,I’ve________learntalot.A.never,yet B.ever,never C.ever,already D.already,never()18.—Haveyouhandedinyourhomework________? —Yes,I’vehandeditin________.A.already,yet B.yet,already C.ever,never D.yet,ever()19.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehavebeenfriends_________tenyearsago.A.since B.for C.before D.until()20.China_________greatachievementsinscienceandtechnologysince1978.makes B.made C.hasmade D.ismaking()21.—HaveyoueverbeentoSouthTowerPark？—Yes.I__________thereafewmonthsago.A.went B.havebeen C.havegone D.wouldgo四、按要求改写句子。22.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(改为否定句)I____________________myhomework__________.23.MyfatherhasebackfromtheUSA.（改为否定句）Myfather____________________backfromtheUSA.24.HehasleftforBeijing.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）—__________he__________forBeijing？—No,he__________.25.LindahaslivedinChinafortenyears.(对划线部分提问)____________________hasLindalivedinChina?B拓展训练(建议用时:10分钟)一、按要求改写句子。1.Susanhasbeenavolunteerforprotectinganimalsforthreeyears.（对画线部分提问）______________________________Susanbeenavolunteerforprotectinganimals？2.Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.（对画线部分提问）____________________they__________abook？3.Theyhaveworkedheresince2000.（对画线部分提问）______________________________they__________here？4.Billborrowedthebooktwoweeksago.(改为同义句)Bill____________________thebook__________twoweeks.5.Daniellefthishometownthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)Daniel______________________________fromhishometown__________threeyears.二、单项选择()6.He_________Francetwice.Itisabeautifulcountry.A.isin B.hasbeento C.hasgoneto D.hasbeenin()7.Alex_________teaculturesincehecametoChinain2010.A.studies B.studied C.hasstudied D.isstudying()8.—YourteacherwillebackfromJapantomorrow.—Really?We_________himfornearlythreemonths.A.don’tsee B.aren’tseeing C.haven’tseen D.won’tsee()9.—DoyouknowanythingaboutOneBeltOneRoad?—Yes,it_________over10yearssinceitstarted.A.was B.hadbeen C.willbe D.hasbeen()10.—I________mycard.Iwanttoreportit.—Youcancallthebanktoreporttheloss.Itwouldbefaster.A.lose B.waslosing C.willlose D.havelost()11.—Jerry,haveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall？—Yes.I________therewithmyparentslastyear.A.go B.went C.willgo D.havegone()12.—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher？—Yes，heis.He_______historyfornearly20years.A.teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D.willteach()13.—I________mycard.Iwanttoreportit.—Youcancallthebanktoreporttheloss.Itwouldbefaster.lose B.waslosing C.willlose D.havelost()14.—Look!Somebody_______thelights.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.A.turnsoff B.isturningoff C.wasturningoff D.hasturnedoff三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15.She_____________(notwrite)tohersisterforalongtime.16.Paulhas_____________(travel)aroundmostofthecountriesinEurope.17.TheJohnsons_____________(invite)ustohavedinnerwiththemthreetimessofar.18.MrWhite_____________(meet)allthepeopleinourpanysincehecameherelastMonday.19.Theoldman_____________(die)for5years.20.Kate_____________(buy)abookjustnow.21.—Areyouthirsty?—No,Ihavejust_____________(have)someorange.四、语法选择。Ourschoolhasalwaysvaluedexperientiallearning.Overthepastsemester,myclass__1__severaleducationaltripsthathaveprofoundlyinfluencedus.Lastmonth,wevisited__2__ancienttownwherelocalartisansdemonstratedpottery－makingtechniques.Sinceourreturn,manyofus__3__anewappreciationfortraditionalcrafts.Theartisansshowedushowtheycreatepottery__4__hand—aprocessthathasfascinatedmeeversince.Ourteacher,whohasorganizedthesetrips__5__,believeshands－onlearningworksbest,thoughnoteveryoneagrees.Whatsurprisedmemostwashowquicklysomestudents__6__basicskills,whileothersneededmoretime.Bytheendof__7__day,wehadlearntenoughtoattemptsimplecreations.Theexperiencehasn’tjustbeenaboutpottery—we__8__valuableculturalinsightstoo.Forweeksnow,thoseclayworkshops__9__myopinionsaboutmanuallabour.Severalclassmateshavedecided__10__theircreationsassouvenirs.Theartisans’patienceparticularlymovedme—theyexplainedeverythingsoclearlythatplexprocessesbecame__11__tounderstand.Sincethetripended,somestudents__12__aboutpursuing(追求)__13__skillsprofessionally.Ourteacherwashappywehadgained__14__fromthisexperience.Thisjourneyhasproventhateducation__15__farbeyondclassroomwalls.()1.A.takes B.hastaken C.havetaken D.took()2.A.a B.an C.the D./()3.A.develop B.developed C.havedeveloped D.haddeveloped()4.A.by B.at C.in D.from()5.A.3yearsago B.after3years C.in3years D.for3years()6.A.master B.masters C.mastered D.havemastered()7.A.thefirst B.first C.theone D.one()8.A.gain B.gained C.havegained D.hadgained()9.A.change B.changed C.havechanged D.willchange()10.A.buy B.bought C.buying D.tobuy()11.A.easy B.easier C.easily D.easiest()12.A.willtalk B.havetalked C.talks D.talk()13.A.this B.that C.these D.those()14.A.many B.much C.more D.most()15.A.happens B.happened C.hashappened D.hadhappened读写综合[写作任务]你是Tina,是一名在广州待了一年的交换生。现在你要回国了，请根据下面的内容提示写一封感谢信,表达你对在广州期间帮助过你的老师、同学及朋友们的感激之情。内容提示:游览了广州的许多风景名胜;2.中文水平有了明显的提高;3.了解了许多中国的文化和习俗(custom);............(请你补充)注意:1.可在内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息;2.词数80词左右(感谢信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)。Deareveryone,Ireallyappreciatealotwhatyouhavegivenmeduringthepastyear.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyousomuchagain.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely,Tina参考答案：语法A一、1.got/gotten 2.gone 3.taught 4.thought 5.stopped6.run 7.spoken 8.made二、9.never 10.for 11.already 12.ever,never 13.yet 14.just 15.since三、1621DCBACA四、22.haven’tfinished,yet 23.hasn’te 24.