2026届新高考英语冲刺复习 非谓语动词

2026届新高考英语冲刺复习非谓语动词1上节内容回顾：1.Inthefuturethesedifficultiesand

problems____(solve).2.A

new

computer__(buy)by

my

friend

yesterday.3.The

shirt___(feel)much

softer

than

that

one.非谓语动词：不能在句中做谓语的动词。非谓语妃嫔谓

皇语

后to

dodoingdonebehave

will

...非谓语动词：不做谓语，做其他成分的动词。

一个主语只能与一个动词搭配，相当于一夫一妻。娶妻

之后，还想加动词，需要降半级，变成非谓语，即纳妾。什么时候用非谓语动词：当句子中一主一谓搭配好之后，多余的谓语用非谓语动词。非谓语动词有哪几种?

(动词要变成什么样?)doing:表示主动/正在进行done:表示被动/已经完成to

do:

表示目的/即将去做非谓语动词形式主动形式被动形式一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式不定式to

doto

be

doingto

have

doneto

be

doneto

have

been

done动名词doing——having

donebeing

donehaving

been

done现在分词doing——having

donebeing

donehaving

been

done过去分词done非谓语动词句法功能主

语宾

语定

语表

语宾

补主

补状语时

间原

因条

件伴

随目

的结

果不定式√√√√√√—√——√√动名词√√√√—

一

一—

一

一

一一现在分词—

一√√√√√√√√—√过去分词一—√√√√√√√√——非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词之不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式为“notto+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时

态和语态的变化。主语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语动名词√√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√动词不定式√√√√√√√句子成分非谓语动词1.动词不定式可以在句中充当六种句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语Togoswimmingisn't

a

good

idea

in

this

rainy

day(主语)I

find

it

difficult

to

communicate

with

him(宾语)The

proper

function

of

man

is

to

live,not

to

exist(表语)Theonlywaytoovercomefears

isto

confront

them(定语)

He

got

up

early

to

catch

the

first

bus.(状语)Ican'texpectothers

to

be

on

time

if

I'm

late

myself(宾语补足语)

They

were

made

to

work

day

and

night.(主语补足语)▲有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这些动词有

afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,choose,claim,continue,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seem,start,t

ry,undertake,want,wish等。Ican'tafford

to

study

in

that

school我付不起在那所学校学习的费用。Sherefusedto

accept

the

truth

她拒不接受这个真相。当不定式(短语)在believe,find,consider,make,think,feel等动词后作宾语时，

一般用it

作形式宾语代替不定式(短语),同时把不定式(短语)置于补语之后，即构成“主语

+动词+

it+

补语+

to

do”结构。I

find

it

difficult

to

communicate

with

him.我发现很难和他沟通。非谓语动词1.动词不定式可以在句中充当六种句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定

语、状语和补足语1.I

don't

know

when

you

happened

the

news,butI

hope

youcan

keepit

secret.A.knowing

B.to

knowC.known

D.to

be

knowing2.They

got

up

early

in

the

morning

and

climbed

the

mountain

a

beautiful

sunrise.A.seeing

B.seenC.to

see

D.saw主语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语动名词√√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√动词不定式√√√√√√√(二)非谓语动词之动名词动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词，由“动词原形+-ing”构成。句子成分二、动名词1.动名词的构成和特征动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”

构成。及物动词的动名词可以带宾语，也可以被状语修饰。不及物动词的动名词不可以带宾语，但可以

被状语修饰；若要带宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有宾语或状语的

动名词称为动名词短语，如

reading

a

book

slowly。其否定式是在动名

词前加

not。非谓语动词2.动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。Believinginyourselfis

the

secret

of

success(主语)We

don't

allow

smoking

in

the

hall(动词宾语)Sheleftwithouttellingusin

advance(介词宾语)Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtaking

care

of

the

children(表语)

A

washing

machine

can

help

you

save

a

lot

oftime

and

energy.

定语)①以下及物动词和动词短语常用动名词作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语，如admit,advocate

(提倡),allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,discuss,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone(延

期),practise/practice,prevent,quit,recall,resent(愤恨),resist,risk,suggest,tolerate,

can't

help(禁不住)等。Doyoumindpassingmethatdictionary?你介意把那本词典递给我吗?非谓语动词Theelderlyoftenenjoy

thesingingof

thebirdsinthepark.A.to

listen

B.listening

toC.to

listen

to

D.listening3.动名词的时态(1)动名词的

一般式。动名词的一般式的结构为“动词原形+-ing”,

所表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。lapproveofhisjoiningin

the

project.(joining

in

与approve

of

同时发生或在其后发生)我同意他参加这项工程。I

am

thinking

of

getting

a

new

dictionary.(getting

发生在am

thinking

of之

后)我正在考虑买

一本新词典。(2)动名词的完成式动名词的完成式的结构为“having+过去分词”,所表示的动作通常在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。He

accused

me

of

having

broken

my

word.(having

broken发生在

accused

之前)他指责我不守承诺。是先不守承诺，再受到指责4.动名词的被动语态当动名词的逻辑主语(可以依据修饰动名词的物主代词、名词或名词所有格判断)是动名词所表示动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式

(“being+过去分词”或“having

been

+过去分词”)。Respecting

others

in

life

means

being

respected.在生活中尊重他人就是尊重自己。My

TV

set

cant

work

any

more.It

needs一

—something

is

wrong

with

it.A.to

repair

B.to

repairing

C.repaired

D.repairingMyTVsetcantworkanymore.Itneeds

—somethingiswrongwithit.A.to

repairB.to

repairingC.repairedD.repairingneed

doing”和

“need

to

be

done”在含义上是一致的，都表示

“某事需要被做”,属于主动形式表被动含义的用法。●The

car

needs

repairing.

(这辆车需要修理。)●

Thecarneeds

to

be

repaired.

(这辆车需要被修理。)三、现在分词1.现在分词的构成和特征现在分词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成。及物动词的现在分词可以带宾语，也可以带状语。不及物动词的现在分词不可以直接跟宾语，但可以被状语修饰；若要带

宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有状语或宾语的现在分词称为现在分词短语，如sin

ging

songs

loudly。其否定式是在现在分词前加not。非谓语动词(三)非谓语动词之分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词通常含有主动和进行两个概念。过去分词通常含被动和完成两个概念。现在分词——动词原形+-ing过去分词——动词原形+-ed

(部分分词有不规则变化)主语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语动名词√√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√动词不定式√√√√√√√非谓语动词句子成分非谓语动词3.现在分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。Thespeechwasverymoving,andwewereallmoved

to

tears.(表语)Thecryinggirlwassaid

tohave

failed

the

last

exam.(定语)Being

tired,I

stopped

to

have

a

rest.(状语)I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforso

long.(

作

宾

语

补

足

语

)非谓语动词3.分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。

many

difficulties,the

soldier

finally

reached

his

destination.A.Having

sufferedB.Suffering

C.To

suffer

D.Suffered非谓语动词3.分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。

many

difficulties,the

soldier

finally

reached

his

destination.A.Having

sufferedB.Suffering

C.To

suffer

D.Sufferedhaving

done的动作发生在reached前

是先遭受困难，再抵达目的地现在分词与动名词的区别：1、定义不同动名词：指的是动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。现在分词：是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分(定语，表语，

补语，状语),并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。现在分词与动名词的区别：2、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和

表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：My

hobby

is

swimming.可改为Swimming

is

my

hobby(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如The

story

is

interesting

不可改为

Interesting

is

the

story现在分词与动名词的区别：3、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作

等。①a

swimming

suit

和

a

swimming

boy②a

sleepingcar

和a

sleeping

child4、“动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同，前者的重音在“动名词”上，而后者的重音在“名词”上。四、过去分词1.过去分词的构成和特征规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，由“动词原形+-ed”构成。

不规则动词的过去分词的构成因词而异。过去分词可以带状语，带有状语的过去分词称为过去分词短语。非谓语动词3.过去分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。Iamverypleasedwiththeresultof

the

experiment.(表语)Thestolencarwasfoundby

the

police

lastweek.(定语)Asked

what

had

happened,he

told

us

about

it.(状语)She

saw

the

thief

caught

by

a

policeman.(作宾语补足语)非谓语动词1.Jackdecidedtobuildamodelplanethat

he

would

like

to

seein

the

museum.A.displayed

B.displaying

C.display

D.to

display2.

with

this

awful

virus,this

little

girl

had

to

be

separatedfromtheoutside.A.Infecting

B.To

be

infectedC.Infected

D.Having

infected非谓语动词1.Jack

decided

to

build

a

model

plane

that

he

would

like

to

seein

the

museum.A.displayed

B.displaying

C.display

D.to

display非谓语动词2.

with

this

awful

virus,this

little

girl

had

to

beseparated

from

theoutside.A.Infecting

B.To

be

infectedC.Infected

D.Having

infected非谓语动词3.分词可以在句中充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。The

film

we

saw

yesterday

was

really

moving

(电影使人感动，所以用现在分词)

Theywereexcitedonhearing

the

news(他们为消息而激动，用分词)(表语)a

developing

country(=a

country

which

is

developing)(现在分词表示进行)a

developed

country(=a

country

which

has

been

developed)

(过去分词表示完成)(定语)Being

a

clever

boy,hestudies

very

well.Ifappliedinagriculture,themachineswillsavefarmers

much

labor(状语)I

heard

someone

knocking

at

the

door.Hehadhis

moneystolen

(作宾语补足语)五、独立主格结构1.独立主格结构的构成和特征独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个不定式、分词、介词短语、形容词、副词等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不是同一个，它独立存在。(2)独立主格结构的位置比较灵活，

一般位于句首，也可位于句尾。(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开，但与句子之间不使用任何连词。(1)名词/代词+不定式。So

much

work

to

do,I

will

have

to

work

overtime

this

Sunday有这么多的工作要做，这个星期天我不得不加班。Nobody

to

come

tomorrow,we

will

have

to

put

off

the

meeting

till

next

week如果明天没有人来，我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周。(2)名词/代词+现在分词。The

rain

having

stopped,he

went

out

for

a

walk雨停了，他出去散了散步。(3)名词/代词+过去分词。Their

living

conditions

greatly

improved,the

workers

worked

harder由于工人们的生活条件大大改善了，他们工作更努力了。1.He

shouted

at

the

top

of

his

voice

so

that

he

could

make

himself

A.to

hear

B.hearC.hearing

D.heard2.He

had

some

trouble

himself

to

college

life

when

he

came

to

college

in

2018.A.adjusting

B.adjustedC.having

adjusted

D.to

adjust3.When

overseas,you'd

better

carry

an

International

Driving

Permit,even

ifyou

are

not

planning

to

drive.A.travel

B.traveledC.traveling

D.to

travel4.You'd

betterget

the

task

as

soon

as

possible,otherwise

you

might

notcomplete

it

on

time.A.do

B.to

do

C.done

D.be

doing5.

with

the

opportunity

to

interview

the

famous

star

made

her

happy.A.Beingprovided

B.Having

providedC.To

provide

D.Be

provided6.She

is

old

enough

on

her

own.A.live

B.to

live

C.living

D.beliving7.I

think

you

should

buy

this

novel.It

is

really

worth

.A.reading

B.being

read

C.read

D.to

read8.